scholarly journals Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Films Added with Mucilage from Opuntia Ficus Indica: Mechanical, Microstructural and Thermal Characterization

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Scognamiglio ◽  
Daniele Mirabile Gattia ◽  
Graziella Roselli ◽  
Franca Persia ◽  
Ugo De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Plasticization Effect ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
The One ◽  
Loading Modes

Opuntia cladodes are a typical vegetable waste, from which mucilage in gel form can be extracted. This work proposes blending it with a self-produced thermoplastic starch (TPS), originating from potato starch with a high content in glycerol (ca. 30%). Three methods were compared for extraction, bare maceration (MA), mechanical blending (ME) and mechanical blending following maceration (MPM) to produce films with an approximate thickness of 150 μm. For the comparison, tensile testing, differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used. The MPM process proved the most effective, not only for extraction yielding, but also to obtain a larger deformation of the samples with respect to the one allowed by the pure TPS films. A considerable plasticization effect was observed. Despite this, the mechanical performance is still not completely satisfactory, and the expected effect of the calcium and magnesium salts contained in the mucilage to improve the rigidity of the TPS film was not really revealed. Prospected improvements would concern the fabrication process and the investigation of other possible loading modes and sample geometries.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Starch Films Added with Dry Nopal (Opuntia Ficus Indica) Fibers

Fibers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Scognamiglio ◽  
Daniele Mirabile Gattia ◽  
Graziella Roselli ◽  
Franca Persia ◽  
Ugo De Angelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potato Starch ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Manufacturing Procedure ◽  
Starch Films ◽  
Mechanical Tensile

Dry fibers coming from garden waste, originating from Opuntia ficus indica, were introduced in amounts of either 8 or 16 wt % into a self-produced thermoplastic starch (TPS) based on potato starch and glycerol. Thermal (differential scanning calorimetry, DSC), mechanical (tensile tests), and morphological characterization with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and performing energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (microanalysis) were carried out. The results indicated that the uneven distribution and variable geometry of fibers introduced led to a reduction of tensile stress and strain with respect to pure TPS. However, the positive effects of prolonged mixing and increased thickness were highlighted, which suggest the fabrication of the composite could be improved in the future by controlling the manufacturing procedure.

Ultra-high Molecular Weight Polyethylene /Graphite Nanocomposites Prepared by High-energy Cryomilling.

2013 ◽  
Vol 1453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofía Vazquez-Rodriguez ◽  
Gloria E. Rodríguez-Vázquez ◽  
Selene Sepulveda-Guzman ◽  
Martín E. Reyes-Melo ◽  
Aaron Morelos-Gomez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Molecular Weight ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Graphite Nanoplatelets ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Graphite Nanocomposites

ABSTRACTUltra-high molecular weight polyethylene/graphite nanocomposites were prepared by high-energy cryogenic milling followed by syntering. Microstructure changes shows that graphite was reduced to graphite nanoplatelets by high-energy cryomilling and partial exfoliation of graphite to few layered graphene nanoplatelets occurred in a small extent. The resulting nanocomposites revealed high electrical conductivity and good mechanical performance. Thermal characterization of the nanocomposites was also carried out by differential scanning calorimetry.

scholarly journals Conductive Thermoplastic Starch (TPS) Composite Filled with Waste Iron Filings

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Battistelli ◽  
Diana P. Ferreira ◽  
Sofia Costa ◽  
Carlo Santulli ◽  
Raul Fangueiro
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Starch Degradation ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Final Consideration ◽  
Reduced Dimension

A thermoplastic starch (TPS) was produced, starting with potato starch, glycerol and acetic acid, to shape it in films of thickness around 100 microns. To TPS iron waste filing particles, in the amount of 12% the weight of starch, were introduced in different modalities: as received, reduced in size by the use of a mortar, after treatment with hydrochloric acid, and after treatment and removal of hydrochloric acid. Morphological studies were carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopy and illustrated that the dispersion of iron filings was not optimal, though some improvement was observed by a reduced dimension of the particles. Tensile tests indicated the considerable improvement of stiffness offered by the insertion of iron particles to TPS, although the ultimate strain was reduced to less than 10%. Thermal characterization using thermogravimetry allowed revealing the three typical peaks for potato starch degradation, with only a slight decrease due to iron introduction. EDS allowed evaluating the presence of impurities in the iron filings and evidenced that the presence of iron was more effective on the surface than in the rest of the film. As a final consideration, An improvement in electrical conductivity by over an order of magnitude was obtained by the TPS+Fe+HCl film with respect to pure TPS.

scholarly journals Crystalline Characteristics and Their Influence in the Mechanical Performance in Poly(ε-Caprolactone) / High Density Polyethylene Blends

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Enrique Blázquez-Blázquez ◽  
Ernesto Pérez ◽  
Vicente Lorenzo ◽  
María L. Cerrada
Keyword(s):  
Differential Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
High Density ◽  
Mechanical Behaviors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Polyethylene Blends

Blends of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) have been prepared at different compositions in order to assess the effect of HDPE on gas transport and mechanical behaviors of PCL. Previous to this evaluation, a complete morphological, structural, and thermal characterization were performed using techniques, including SEM, contact angle, FTIR, differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation at small and wide angles. Low HDPE incorporations allow interactions to be established at interfaces in the amorphous regions and the enhancement of the mechanical performance. Consequently, the addition of a small amount of HDPE (ranging from 5 to 10 wt%) appears to be appropriate in certain bio-applications where a higher mechanical behavior is required.

Modeling of Cladding Thermal Evolution Along Cask Storage

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime E. Penalva ◽  
Francisco Feria ◽  
Luis E. Herranz
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Evolution ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
Safety Requirements ◽  
Fuel Rod ◽  
Dry Storage ◽  
Material Conditions ◽  
The One

One of the safety requirements in dry storage of spent fuel is to ensure the cladding integrity. In this regard, the understanding of the cladding mechanical performance along the storage period is indispensable, both to analyse the failure probability and to characterize the state of the cladding so that fuel management is conducted with accurate knowledge of the material conditions. The main interest is focused on cladding degrading mechanisms as creep and hydrogen related (e.g. hydrides embrittlement), which are strongly influenced by temperature. Therefore, cladding thermal characterization along dry storage is an important element to predict fuel rod mechanical performance. Cladding temperature decay models found in the literature are fuel burnup independent and they cannot be applied to storage periods longer than some decades. The goal of this work is to develop a simplified model of cladding temperature as a function of burnup that spans up to 300 years of cask storage. To do so, a methodology is established based on FLUENT steady state calculations fed by heat decay data found in the literature for different burnups (33–63 MWd/kgU). From the results, a temperature correlation as a function of burnup and out-of-reactor time has been derived. It shows an average relative error less than 2% with respect FLUENT calculations. Finally, significance of having an accurate thermal characterization of the fuel rod has been highlighted by comparing fuel rod thermo-mechanics based on the derived correlation and the one resulting from using a correlation developed by EPRI.

scholarly journals Advanced mechanical and thermal characterization of 3D bioextruded poly(e-caprolactone)-based composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 731-738 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanxiao Wang ◽  
Marco Domingos ◽  
Fabio Scenini
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Degree Of Crystallinity ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bioactive Scaffolds ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Mechanical Performances

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of nano hydroxyapatite (HA) and graphene oxide (GO) particles on thermal and mechanical performances of 3D printed poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) filaments used in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Design/methodology/approach Raw materials were prepared by melt blending, followed by 3D printing via 3D Discovery (regenHU Ltd., CH) with all fabricating parameters kept constant. Filaments, including pure PCL, PCL/HA and PCL/GO, were tested under the same conditions. Several techniques were used to mechanically, thermally and microstructurally evaluate properties of these filaments, including differential scanning calorimetry, tensile test, nano indentation and scanning electron microscope. Findings Results show that both HA and GO nano particles are capable of improving mechanical performance of PCL. Enhanced mechanical properties of PCL/HA result from reinforcing effect of HA, while a different mechanism is observed in PCL/GO, where degree of crystallinity plays an important role. In addition, GO is more efficient at enhancing mechanical performance of PCL compared with HA. Originality/value For the first time, a systematic study about effects of nano HA and GO particles on bioactive scaffolds produced by additive manufacturing for BTE applications is conducted in this work. Mechanical and thermal behaviors of each sample, pure PCL, PCL/HA and PCL/GO, are reported, correlated and compared with literature.

Mechanical and thermal characterization of grafted PP-NCC nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987822
Author(s):  
Saud Aldajah ◽  
Mohammad Y Al-Haik ◽  
Waseem Siddique ◽  
Mohammad M Kabir ◽  
Yousef Haik
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

This study reveals the enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP- g-MA) with the addition of nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). A nanocomposite was manufactured by blending various percentages of PP, MA, and NCC nanoparticles by means of a twin-screw extruder. The influence of varying the percentages of NCC on the mechanical and thermal behavior of the nanocomposite was studied by performing three-point bending, nanoindentation, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests. The novelty of this study stems on the NCC nanoparticles and their ability to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of PP. Three-point bending and nanoindentation tests revealed improvement in the mechanical properties in terms of strength, modulus, and hardness of the PP- g-MA nanocomposites as the addition of NCC increased. SEM showed homogeneity between the mixtures which proved the presence of interfacial adhesion between the PP- g-MA incorporated with NCC nanoparticles that was confirmed by the FTIR results. DSC and TGA measurements showed that the thermal stability of the nanocomposites was not compromised due to the addition of the coupling agent and reinforced nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Wastes from Agricultural Silage Film Recycling Line as a Potential Polymer Materials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1383
Author(s):  
Jerzy Korol ◽  
Aleksander Hejna ◽  
Klaudiusz Wypiór ◽  
Krzysztof Mijalski ◽  
Ewelina Chmielnicka
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Thermal Performance ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallinity Degree

The recycling of plastics is currently one of the most significant industrial challenges. Due to the enormous amounts of plastic wastes generated by various industry branches, it is essential to look for potential methods for their utilization. In the presented work, we investigated the recycling potential of wastes originated from the agricultural films recycling line. Their structure and properties were analyzed, and they were modified with 2.5 wt % of commercially available compatibilizers. The mechanical and thermal performance of modified wastes were evaluated by tensile tests, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that incorporation of such a small amount of modifiers may overcome the drawbacks caused by the presence of impurities. The incorporation of maleic anhydride-grafted compounds enhanced the tensile strength of wastes by 13–25%. The use of more ductile compatibilizers—ethylene-vinyl acetate and paraffin increased the elongation at break by 55–64%. The presence of compatibilizers also reduced the stiffness of materials resulting from the presence of solid particles. It was particularly emphasized for styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, which caused up to a 20% drop of Young’s modulus. Such effects may facilitate the further applications of analyzed wastes, e.g., in polymer film production. Thermal performance was only slightly affected by compatibilization. It caused a slight reduction in polyethylene melting temperatures (up to 2.8 °C) and crystallinity degree (up to 16%). For more contaminated materials, the addition of compatibilizers caused a minor reduction in the decomposition onset (up to 6 °C). At the same time, for the waste after three washing cycles, thermal stability was improved. Moreover, depending on the desired properties and application, materials do not have to go through the whole recycling line, simplifying the process, reducing energy and water consumption. The presented results indicate that it is possible to efficiently use the materials, which do not have to undergo the whole recycling process. Despite the presence of impurities, they could be applied in the manufacturing of products which do not require exceptional mechanical performance.

scholarly journals The effect of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSSs) incorporation in ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer (EPDM): a thermal study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignazio Blanco ◽  
Traian Zaharescu
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxanes ◽  
Dsc Analysis ◽  
Γ Irradiation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Ethylene Propylene ◽  
Oligomeric Silsesquioxane ◽  
Ethylene Propylene Diene Terpolymer ◽  
Dynamic Heating

AbstractA series of ethylene-propylene-diene-terpolymer (EPDM)/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) composites at different percentage of POSS were prepared and subjected to γ-irradiation. Both irradiated and non-irradiated EPDM and composites were investigated by the means of thermal analysis to verify if the presence of POSS molecules is able to reduce the oxidation level of free radicals generated during the degradation and to evaluate the effects of the irradiation. EPDM composites at 1, 3 and 5 mass% of POSS were thus degraded in a thermogravimetric (TG) balance in dynamic heating conditions (25–700 °C), in both inert and oxidative atmosphere by flowing nitrogen and air respectively. Thermal characterization was then completed by carrying out Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis from sub-ambient to better highlight the melting of the polymer and polymer composites occurring just above the room temperature. FTIR spectroscopy was also performed for the prepared samples to check the presence of the molecular filler in the composites and for the TG’s residue at 700 °C, in order to evaluate its nature. DSC and TGA parameters were detected and discussed to have information about the effect of the degradation’s environment, the effect of irradiation on polymer stabilization and the effect of POSS content in the polymer matrix.

scholarly journals Is Micro X-ray Computer Tomography a Suitable Non-Destructive Method for the Characterisation of Dental Materials?

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1271
Author(s):  
Andreas Koenig ◽  
Leonie Schmohl ◽  
Johannes Scheffler ◽  
Florian Fuchs ◽  
Michaela Schulz-Siegmund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Computer Tomography ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dental Materials ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Multiple Measurements ◽  
High Doses

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of X-rays used in micro X-ray computer tomography (µXCT) on the mechanical performance and microstructure of a variety of dental materials. Standardised bending beams (2 × 2 × 25 mm3) were forwarded to irradiation with an industrial tomograph. Using three-dimensional datasets, the porosity of the materials was quantified and flexural strength was investigated prior to and after irradiation. The thermal properties of irradiated and unirradiated materials were analysed and compared by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Single µXCT measurements led to a significant decrease in flexural strength of polycarbonate with acrylnitril-butadien-styrol (PC-ABS). No significant influence in flexural strength was identified for resin-based composites (RBCs), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and zinc phosphate cement (HAR) after a single irradiation by measurement. However, DSC results suggest that changes in the microstructure of PMMA are possible with increasing radiation doses (multiple measurements, longer measurements, higher output power from the X-ray tube). In summary, it must be assumed that X-ray radiation during µXCT measurement at high doses can lead to changes in the structure and properties of certain polymers.

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