scholarly journals Cold Gas Spraying of Solution-Hardened 316L Grade Stainless Steel Powder

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Thomas Lindner ◽  
Martin Löbel ◽  
Maximilian Grimm ◽  
Jochen Fiebig
Keyword(s):  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Powder ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Austenitic Steels ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cold Gas Spraying ◽  
Cold Gas

Austenitic steels are characterized by their outstanding corrosion resistance. They are therefore suitable for a wide range of surface protection requirements. The application potential of these stainless steels is often limited by their poor wear resistance. In the field of wrought alloys, interstitial surface hardening has become established for simultaneously acting surface stresses. This approach also offers great potential for improvement in the field of coating technology. The hardening of powder feedstock materials promises an advantage in the treatment of large components and also as a repair technology. In this work, the surface hardening of AISI 316L powder and its processing by thermal spraying is presented. A partial formation of the metastable expanded austenitic phase was observed for the powder particles by low-temperature gas nitrocarburizing. The successful deposition was demonstrated by cold gas spraying. The amount of expanded austenitic phase within the coating structure strongly depends on the processing conditions. Microstructure, corrosion and wear behavior were studied. Process diagnostic methods were used to validate the results.

Wear and Corrosion Behavior of Cold Gas Sprayed Stainless-Steel Coatings Using Solution-Hardened AISI 316L Powder

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lindner ◽  
Pia Kutschmann ◽  
Maximilian Grimm ◽  
Martin Löbel ◽  
Jochen Fiebig
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Scratch Resistance ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Austenitic Phase ◽  
Surface Protection ◽  
Wear And Corrosion ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
Stainless Steel Coatings ◽  
Cold Gas

Abstract Due to their excellent corrosion resistance; austenitic stainless steels are suitable for surface protection applications. However; the application potential is often limited by the low wear resistance. An interstitial hardening of the surface layer area can solve this problem for massive wrought alloys. Further potential for improvement lies in the transition to surface technology. For this purpose; powder feedstock of the stainless-steel grade AISI 316L was gas nitrocarburized at low temperatures. The formation of a metastable expanded austenitic phase was achieved. Subsequently; the processing was carried out by cold gas spraying. Due to the simultaneously high process kinetics and low thermal load; dense coatings were produced while maintaining the metastable state of the feedstock. When compared to solid reference systems; the scratch resistance saw a marked improvement.

Use of ultrasonic surface hardening in modifi cation of surface layer

2020 ◽  
pp. 200-204
Author(s):  
Yu.S. Semenova ◽  
A.G. Samul’ ◽  
S.V. Mazhuga
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
Chemical Treatment ◽  
Surface Hardening ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Ultrasonic Vibrations ◽  
Surface Microrelief ◽  
Scientific Schools ◽  
Structure Changes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Finishing Machining

Overview of the research results got by various scientific schools in the field of application of ultrasonic surface hardening is provided. Wide range of opportunities of ultrasonic surface hardening is shown for the application in the preliminary machining of surfaces before thermal and chemical treatment, coating, and also as finishing machining. The effect of the energy of ultrasonic vibrations on structure changes in the material of the surface layer and on surface microrelief on parts performance is considered. The prospects of using of the ultrasonic surface hardening method in combination with other methods of the material modification are presented. In addition the possibilities of reducing the manufacturing cost of product by introducing ultrasonic surface hardening into the technological process are shown.

scholarly journals Trends in Molecular Diagnosis and Diversity Studies for Phytosanitary Regulated Xanthomonas

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 862
Author(s):  
Vittoria Catara ◽  
Jaime Cubero ◽  
Joël F. Pothier ◽  
Eran Bosis ◽  
Claude Bragard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Diversity Studies

Bacteria in the genus Xanthomonas infect a wide range of crops and wild plants, with most species responsible for plant diseases that have a global economic and environmental impact on the seed, plant, and food trade. Infections by Xanthomonas spp. cause a wide variety of non-specific symptoms, making their identification difficult. The coexistence of phylogenetically close strains, but drastically different in their phenotype, poses an added challenge to diagnosis. Data on future climate change scenarios predict an increase in the severity of epidemics and a geographical expansion of pathogens, increasing pressure on plant health services. In this context, the effectiveness of integrated disease management strategies strongly depends on the availability of rapid, sensitive, and specific diagnostic methods. The accumulation of genomic information in recent years has facilitated the identification of new DNA markers, a cornerstone for the development of more sensitive and specific methods. Nevertheless, the challenges that the taxonomic complexity of this genus represents in terms of diagnosis together with the fact that within the same bacterial species, groups of strains may interact with distinct host species demonstrate that there is still a long way to go. In this review, we describe and discuss the current molecular-based methods for the diagnosis and detection of regulated Xanthomonas, taxonomic and diversity studies in Xanthomonas and genomic approaches for molecular diagnosis.

Rolling/Sliding Wear Behavior of High Carbon Steel Wire Rod (HSWR) of Traction Machine

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beom-Taek Jang ◽  
Seock-Sam Kim
Keyword(s):  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
High Carbon Steel ◽  
Wire Rope ◽  
Wear Volume ◽  
Steel Wires ◽  
Volume Curve ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Lubrication Condition ◽  
Worn Surface

Steel wires are critical load-bearing components in a wide range of applications such as elevator, cranes, mine haulage etc. The traction machine of elevator which transmits power to wire rope causes micro-slip between wire rope and sheave during reciprocating action. The lubrication condition of wire rope is also changed due to the lack of grease. This study focuses on the wear behavior of steel wire and effect of both dry and grease conditions by using the rolling/sliding contact wear tester done under various slip ratios and rolling speeds. The experimental results of the wear volume curve against the number of revolutions under the grease condition are compared with the results under dry condition. The worn surface of steel wire and the size of wear particles were observed by SEM. In order to quantify the wear amount of steel wire we established an equation and finally obtained the wear coefficient.

scholarly journals Friction and Wear Behavior of Polyamide 66 Composites Filled with Rice Bran Ceramics under a Wide Range of Pv Values

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Shibata ◽  
Takeshi Yamaguchi ◽  
Moeko Kishi ◽  
Kazuo Hokkirigawa
Keyword(s):  
Rice Bran ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Polyamide 66 ◽  
Friction And Wear Behavior ◽  
Wide Range

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Immune-Diagnostic Tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction in Sub-Clinical Leishmaniasis Isolates

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazar M Abdalla
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Clinical Form ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Leishmanin Skin Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Objective: This study aimed to identify cases of leishmaniasis in the Nuba Mountain area, which is situated in a unique geographical site located in the centre of Sudanese leishmania belt. Wide range of investigations are available for detection of leishmania cases, but still the most reliable and easy test used as screening and epidemiological tool in field studies needs to be evaluated. The most commonly used conventional diagnostic methods direct microscopy and culture have some drawbacks in diagnosing subclinical cases of leishmaniasis. Materials and methods: In this study, comparative properties of various immune-diagnostic tools with Polymerase Chain Reaction used in sub-clinical leishmaniasis isolates were explored. The immune-diagnostic tools involved in this study include- Leishmanin Skin Test (LST), Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Direct Agglutination Test (DAT). The study was conducted in the Green Valley village (Rashad Province, South Kordofan State) with a population of 332. Most of the villagers presented with sub-clinical form of leishmaniasis with minor symptoms and signs without the features found in clinical form of visceral leishmaniasis such as fever, diarrhoea, epistaxis, enlarged lymph nodes, spleen and liver. In this study we collected demographic, clinical and epidemiological data using special questionnaire. Leishmanin skin test (LST), ELISA, DAT and PCR for parasite DNA detection were used. Result: The final positive cases detected by PCR were 32 out of 332 belong to L. donovani species. The final positive cases detected by LST were 51.2% of the total population under study, while 11 out of the 37 tested samples were positive by ELISA. All of the 332 villagers showed negative readings by DAT with exception of three individuals who were positive with very high titers. Conclusion: DNA etxtraction and amplification with primers can be a good screening tool in subclinical leishmaniasis isolates. Keyword: Sub-clinical; Leishmaniasis; Leishmanin Skin Test; ELISA; DAT; PCR. DOI: 10.3329/jom.v12i1.5422J Medicine 2011; 12 : 34-39

scholarly journals MODERN APPROACHES TO EARLY RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS OF BONE AND CEREBRAL METASTASES OF PERIPHERAL NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER

2019 ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
A. V. Laryukov ◽  
E. K. Laryukova ◽  
M. K. Mikhailov
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Brain Metastases ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Cerebral Metastases ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Wide Range

Objective:сonstructive principles development of early diagnosis of bone and cerebral metastases of peripheral non-small cell lung cancer (PNSCLC), is based on the targeted preventive and personalized application of radiological and nuclear diagnostic methods.Materials and methods.There was performed the retrospective analysis of medical cards of 1473 patients with peripheral non-small cell lung cancer for the evaluation of the characteristics and frequency of bones and brain metastases. The frequency and features of bone and brain metastases depending on clinical and morphological features of the primary lung tumor were studied. 118 patients with PNSCLC with bone and brain metastases, regardless of clinical symptoms, were examined using a wide range of modern radiological and nuclear methods.Conclusion:the original algorithm has been developed on the study of the diagnostic significance of medical imaging methods. The application of this algorithm will significantly improve the early diagnosis of bone and cerebral metastases and improve the staging of PNSCLC.

scholarly journals Features of the use of additive technologies in operative orthopaedics

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-19
Author(s):  
A.N. Kosiakov ◽  
A.Ye. Loskutov ◽  
K.A. Hrebennikov ◽  
A.V. Miloserdov ◽  
Ye.M. Fedin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Physical Object ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Current State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standard Tool ◽  
Level Of Training ◽  
High Level

Background. Additive technologies are increasingly making their way from university laboratories and high-tech industries into routine clinical practice and even into our everyday lives. Any enthusiast, having a PC and a 3D printer at his or her disposal, can create any physical object — from children’s toys to works of art. The presence on the market of a wide range of software pro-ducts, equipment, and consumables along with the data from mo-dern diagnostic methods, a high level of training and cooperation between doctors and engineers provide practical medicine with unprecedented opportunities. We are finally able to fully customize our treatment and diagnostic procedures: to perform precise preoperative planning; to draw up a detailed plan of the operation; to rehearse the intervention on full-scale anatomical prototypes using a standard tool; to conduct the surgery as quickly and atraumatically as possible; to minimize risks; to ensure the optimal functional result and to manufacture and install customized implants in the most difficult cases. The purpose was to draw the attention of our distinguished colleagues to the aspects of application of additive technologies in modern orthopaedic practice, to introduce them into the history and current state of medical prototyping, as well as to share technological nuances with them. Materials and methods. While writing this article, we incorporated the data of recent publications in specialized domestic and foreign periodicals, several monographs, materials from thematic conferences, the results of informal conversations with colleagues in the operating rooms, at the computer and production site, as well as our own experience (over 200 cases of prototyping). Conclusions. The availability of equipment, software, and consumables allows for the introduction of additive technology into the everyday practice of nearly every modern orthopaedic and trauma clinic.

scholarly journals PERSPECTIVES OF BREEDING OF VEGETABLE CROPS OF FABACEAE FAMILY TO BEAN YELLOW MOSAIC VIRUS (Potyvirus, Potyviridae) RESISTANCE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MOSCOW REGION

2018 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
I. A. Engalycheva ◽  
E. G. Kozar ◽  
A. A. Antoshkin ◽  
E. P. Pronina ◽  
Y. G. Volkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causative Agent ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Far East ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Yellow Mosaic Virus ◽  
Distribution Area ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wide Range

In the context of climate change phytomonitoring of the prevalence of the most common viral pathogens on the crops becomes even more important, because during the last decades the harmfulness of those pathogens, in particular Bean yellow mosaic (BYMV) has grown in intensity. The causative agent as the most members of Рotyvirus genus, has a wide range of host plants belonging to various families including Fabaceae. In Russia the virus was for the first time identified in the south of the Far East, where in the middle of XX century the massive damage of clove, lupine, sweet pea, pea, bean and Russian bean was observed. The distribution area of BYMV considerably expanded after advancement of heat-loving leguminous crops towards north. During the last years epiphytotics were reported in the planted crops of kidney bean (Phasйolus vulgбris L.), and Russian bean (Faba bona Medik. var. major Harz.) under conditions of temperate continental climate of nonchernozem belt in the RF. It is not feasible to eradicate natural BYMV foci, while the control of the causative agent carriers as a preventive measure is not very effective. There fore at present the search for the sources of resistance to BYMV and creation of parent selection material is a priority area of our phytopatologic research. At the present stage the tasks included: identification and study of the properties of BYMV Moscow isolates; integral assessment of resistance and other economically valuable characteristics of collection material and breeding stock material of kidney bean (810 specimens) and Russian bean (40 specimens) generated in the Laboratory of Legume Selection and Seed Production, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Vegetable Center”. To achieve the goal visual, serological diagnostic methods were used together with biotesting and electron microscopy. The research revealed special physical-chemical characteristics of BYMV Moscow isolates characterized by 100% harmfulness when occurred as co-infection with the other viruses. The main symptoms caused by the above isolates in indicator plants and host plants under conditions of Moscow Region have been described. Evaluation of collection and selection materials of kidney bean and Russian bean formed the basis for identification of the sources of resistance to BYMV exhibiting integrated economically valuable properties (early ripeness, bean shape and color, productivity, etc.). These specimens have been included into selection program of the Federal Research Vegetable Center which is aimed on creation of high-productive varieties of the kidney bean meeting the modern market demands.

scholarly journals Carbon Based Nanodots in Early Diagnosis of Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurpal Singh ◽  
Harinder Kaur ◽  
Akanksha Sharma ◽  
Joga Singh ◽  
Hema Kumari Alajangi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Graphene Quantum Dots ◽  
Carbon Quantum Dots ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Cancer ◽  
Successful Treatment Outcome ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Carbon Based

Detection of cancer at an early stage is one of the principal factors associated with successful treatment outcome. However, current diagnostic methods are not capable of making sensitive and robust cancer diagnosis. Nanotechnology based products exhibit unique physical, optical and electrical properties that can be useful in diagnosis. These nanotech-enabled diagnostic representatives have proved to be generally more capable and consistent; as they selectively accumulated in the tumor site due to their miniscule size. This article rotates around the conventional imaging techniques, the use of carbon based nanodots viz Carbon Quantum Dots (CQDs), Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), Nanodiamonds, Fullerene, and Carbon Nanotubes that have been synthesized in recent years, along with the discovery of a wide range of biomarkers to identify cancer at early stage. Early detection of cancer using nanoconstructs is anticipated to be a distinct reality in the coming years.

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