scholarly journals KDP, a Lactobacilli Product from Kimchi, Enhances Mucosal Immunity by Increasing Secretory IgA in Mice and Exhibits Antimicrobial Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 3936
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Ghoneum ◽  
Shaymaa Abdulmalek
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Adjuvant Effect ◽  
Iga Production

The potential of KDP, a lactic acid bacterial strain of Lactobacillus sakei, to enhance the production of mucosal specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) in mice and thereby enhance gut mucosal immunity was examined. KDP is composed of dead cells isolated from the Korean traditional food kimchi. Female BALB/c mice orally received 0.25 mg KDP once daily for 5 weeks and were co-administrated ovalbumin (OVA) for negative control and cholera toxin for positive control. Mice administered KDP exhibited increased secretory IgA (sIgA) contents in the small intestine, Peyer’s patches, serum, colon, and lungs as examined by ELISA. KDP also significantly increased the gene expression of Bcl-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, IL-21, and STAT4. In addition, KDP acted as a potent antioxidant, as indicated by its significant inhibitory effects in the range of 16.5–59.4% for DPPH, nitric oxide, maximum total antioxidant capacity, and maximum reducing power. Finally, KDP exhibited potent antimicrobial activity as evidenced by a significant decrease in the growth of 7 samples of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and Candida albicans. KDP’s adjuvant effect is shown to be comparable to that of cholera toxin. We conclude that KDP can significantly enhance the intestine’s secretory immunity to OVA, as well as act as a potent antioxidant and antimicrobial agent. These results suggest that orally administered KDP should be studied in clinical trials for antigen-specific IgA production.

scholarly journals Correlations between Antibody Immune Responses at Different Mucosal Effector Sites Are Controlled by Antigen Type and Dosage

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 3830-3839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dörthe Externest ◽  
Barbara Meckelein ◽  
M. Alexander Schmidt ◽  
Andreas Frey
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Routine Diagnostics ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Serum Igg ◽  
Mucosal Surfaces ◽  
Secretory Immunoglobulin

ABSTRACT Monitoring specific secretory immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the intestines after mucosal immunization or infection is impeded by the fact that sampling of small intestinal secretions requires invasive methods not feasible for routine diagnostics. Since IgA plasma cells generated after intragastric immunization are known to populate remote mucosal sites as well, secretory IgA responses at other mucosal surfaces may correlate to those in the intestines and could serve as proxy measures for IgA secretion in the gut. To evaluate the practicability of this approach, mice were immunized intragastrically with 0.2, 2, and 20 mg of ovalbumin plus 10 μg of cholera toxin, and the antigen-specific local secretory IgA responses in duodenal, ileal, jejunal, rectal, and vaginal secretions, saliva, urine, and feces, as well as serum IgG and IgA responses were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between serum IgG and IgA, urinary IgA, salivary IgA, and secretory IgA in duodenal, jejunal, ileal, and rectal secretions for the 0.2-mg but not for the 20-mg ovalbumin dose. Fecal samples were poor predictors for intestinal antiovalbumin IgA responses, and no correlations could be established for cholera toxin, neither between local anti-cholera toxin levels nor to the antiovalbumin responses. Thus, specific IgA in serum, saliva, or urine can serve as a predictor of the release of specific IgA at intestinal surfaces after intragastric immunization, but the lack of correlations for high ovalbumin doses and for cholera toxin indicates a strong dependency on antigen type and dosage for these relationships.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519
Author(s):  
Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽  
Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ◽  
Luciano Jose Merini ◽  
Maria Cecilia Martinez Pabon
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Human Fibroblasts ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Efficient Alternative

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects

scholarly journals Dentifrice Containing Extract of Rosmarinus officinalis Linn.: An Antimicrobial Evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 497-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Agne Alves Valones ◽  
◽  
Jane Sheila Higino ◽  
Paulo Roberto Eleutério Souza ◽  
Sérgio Crovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Rosemary Extract ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Streptococcus Oralis ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of a dentifrice containing an alcoholic extract of rosemary on oral bacteria, compared to a commercially available herbal dentifrice. Standard strains of Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 9811) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 7469) were used, as well as different toothpastes based on rosemary (TR), on propolis (TH), triclosan (positive control) (TPC) and non-fluoridated dentifrice (negative control) (TNC). Bacteria were seeded in Petri dishes and paper discs soaked with dilutions of dentifrice placed on the plates. The inhibition halos were analyzed. It was observed that TR did not show statistical difference in relation to the TH to inhibit S. mutans and S. oralis, while TH was more active against L. rhamnosus. The toothpaste containing rosemary extract had the ability to inhibit the growth of S. mutans, S. oralis and L. rhamnosus, revealing an antimicrobial activity similar to commercially available toothpastes for inhibition of S. mutans and S. oralis.

scholarly journals Production of Secretory Immunoglobulin A against Shiga Toxin-Binding Subunits in Mice by Mucosal Immunization

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 889-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuyuki Imai ◽  
Rio Nagai ◽  
Yousuke Ono ◽  
Tomoyuki Ishikawa ◽  
Hiroki Nakagami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholera Toxin ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Major Histocompatibility Complex Haplotype ◽  
Intranasal Immunization ◽  
B Subunits ◽  
The Cross

ABSTRACT The toxicity of Shiga toxins (Stx) depends on the binding of their B subunits to carbohydrate ligands on host cells. The production of antibodies against B subunits, especially immunoglobulin A (IgA) secreted on the mucosal surface, should contribute to host defense. One of the major problems in attempts to produce IgA against Stx was the poor immunogenicity of B subunits. We were able to produce serum IgA as well as IgG against Stx1B in mice of the H-2d haplotype by means of intranasal immunization with recombinant B subunits of Stx (Stx1B) together with cholera toxin as a mucosal adjuvant. Secretory IgA (S-IgA) was detected in nasal washes but not in feces. We prepared chemically cross-linked Stx1B for use as an immunogen, and the formation of stable oligomers was revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. When the cross-linked Stx1B was used together with cholera toxin for the intranasal immunization of BALB/c mice, strong enhancement of the immune response was observed. The S-IgA titers in nasal washes were 16- to more than 64-fold higher than those in mice immunized with native Stx1B plus cholera toxin. Furthermore, fecal IgA was detectable when the cross-linked Stx1B was used. The use of cholera toxin was necessary for the induction of high titers of S-IgA in the nasal washes. However, the effect of cross-linking was dependent on the major histocompatibility complex haplotype; that is, no enhancement of IgA production was observed in C57BL/6 mice. The present results provide a practical means of producing IgA against Stx1B in BALB/c mice.

scholarly journals Evaluation of minimum inhibitory concentration and antimicrobial activity of basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) incorporated to the mouthwash

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (5) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Ana Carolina Marcantonio ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira ◽  
Eloisa Boeck ◽  
Thalita Pilon ◽  
Adilson Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Verification Method ◽  
Microtiter Plates

AIM: This study has as aim to evaluate the minimum inhibitory concentration and the antimicrobial activity of basil extract incorporated to the mouthwash against the bacteria S.mutans. MATERIAL AND METHODS: For the study, the hydro alcoholic basil extract (Ocimum basilicum L.) incorporated to the mouthwash was used in order to evaluate the effect of this formulation on bacteria and its Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). As positive control, TBS + S. mutans was used; as negative control, only the TBS; the fluid hydro alcoholic basil extract 20% and the concentrated basil extract 12%, both incorporated to the mouthwash, were also evaluated. As MIC verification method and antimicrobial activity, the micro dilution was used in the concentrations: pure, 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32, 1/64, 1/128; and carried out in triplicate. The microtiter plates were incubated and evaluated after 24 and 72hs. RESULTS: The results showed there was no antimicrobial activity of mouthwash associated to the fluid and concentrated basil extract. However, the mouthwash insulated showed antimicrobial activity only as pure; other dilutions did not presented the same result. CONCLUSION: Before the findings in this study, it is possible conclude that hydro alcoholic basil extract incorporated to the mouthwash did not present antimicrobial activity against the bacteria S. mutans.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 619-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto ◽  
Marcos André dos Santos da Silva ◽  
Milton Carlos Kuga ◽  
Matheus Coelho Bandeca ◽  
Célia Regina Maio Pinzan-Vercelino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Peracetic Acid ◽  
Isopropyl Alcohol ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Immersion Method ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 5

ABSTRACT Aim To compare the antimicrobial activity of the chemical substances—70% isopropyl alcohol, 2% glutaraldehyde (GTA) and 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA) in disinfecting orthodontic pliers contaminated in vitro with Streptococcus mutans, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans. Materials and methods Distal end cutter pliers were divided into five groups: group 1 (negative control—sterilized pliers), group 2 (positive control—sterilized plier, subsequently contaminated), group 3 (disinfected with 70% isopropyl alcohol, friction method), group 4 (disinfected with 2% GTA, immersion method for 30 minutes), group 5 (disinfected with 0.25% peracetic acid (PAA), immersion method for 10 minutes). After the pliers were treated with one disinfectant and submitted to microbiological evaluation (by counting colony forming units), they were submitted to the same cleansing, sterilizing and contaminating processes, and were used in the following groups (crossover and washout study). The two-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by the Tukey test, was used to compare the groups. Results The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the three tested disinfectants. Conclusion Although there were no statistically significant differences between the disinfectants, the chemical agents 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA were effective in inhibiting the growth of the three microorganisms tested; however, 70% isopropyl alcohol was unable to completely eliminate S. aureus. Clinical significance The chemical substances 2% glutaraldehyde and 0.25% PAA completely eliminated the microorganisms tested. How to cite this article Carvalho MRA, dos Santos da Silva MA, de Sousa Brito CAR, Campelo V, Kuga MC, Tonetto MR, De Jesus Tavarez RR, Bandéca MC, Pinzan-Vercelino CRM. Comparison of Antimicrobial Activity between Chemical Disinfectants on Contaminated Orthodontic Pliers. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(8):619-623.

scholarly journals Ekstrak Umbi Rumput Teki (Cyperus Rotundus) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus Epidermidis Dan Propionibacterium Acnes

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-175
Author(s):  
Siti Nurjanah ◽  
Akhmad Rokiban ◽  
Erdy Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Inhibition Zones ◽  
The Mean

The tuber of cyperus rotundus are used to tradisional medicine. C. rotundus known to contain compounds of secondary metabolites such as alkoloids, sineol, pinene, siperon, rotunal, siperenon, siperol, tannins, flavonoids and scientifically it has been believed to have antimicrobial activity. Empirically this plant are used as an antibacterial, antitumor, anticancer, and antiallergic. The purpose of this study were determining the inhibition of extract of Cyperus rotundus against tubers of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes. In this study C. rotundus extracted by maceration using 70% ethanol. The extracts tested against S. epidermidis and P. acnes using disc blank method. The results obtained from the mean diameter of the inhibition zones of exstract at concentrations of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% on S. Epidermidis 8.03 mm, 11.43 mm, 15.04 mm, 15.83 mm and 19.98 mm respectively and P. acnes 11.59 mm, 13.35 mm, 17.17 mm, 20.44 mm, and 30.08 mm respectively Aquades used as negative control and erythromycin used as positive control. Testing were continued by determining the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The result of MIC for S. epidermidis was 15% and P. acnes was 11%. The analysis showed that the antibacterial activity of the tubers extract is bacteriostatic for S. epdermidis and bacterisid for P. acnes.

scholarly journals Secretory immunoglobulin A of the respiratory system and COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 792-798
Author(s):  
Nadezhda O. Kryukova ◽  
Ekaterina B. Rakunova ◽  
M. P. Kostinov ◽  
Irina A. Baranova ◽  
Oxana A. Svitich
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucosal Immunity ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Antibody Isotype ◽  
Treatment And Prevention

The main focus in the course of COVID-19 goes on assessing the overall immune response. The role of mucosal immunity in this disease has not been studied sufficiently.The study aimed to analyze published data about secretory IgA as a significant indicator of the mucosal immune response of the respiratory tract in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods. Articles were identified via PubMed bibliographic database. The time-span of research was two years (2020, 2021).Results. The search identified 54 articles. There is evidence that secretory IgA (sIgA) is the main antibody isotype of the mucosal immunity. It is produced in quantities significantly higher than those of all other isotypes of immunoglobulins combined. sIgA antibodies are effective against various pathogens, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, due to mechanisms such as neutralization, suppression of adhesion to the mucosal surface and invasion of epithelial cells, agglutination and facilitating the removal of pathogenic microorganisms with the mucosal secretions. Virus-specific IgA antibodies in the blood serum are detected in patients with COVID-19 as early as two days after the first symptoms, while IgM or IgG class antibodies appear only after 5 days. We accessed the efficacy of intranasal immunization as to induction of predominant production of sIgA in the upper and lower respiratory tract.Conclusion. The current information on the local immune response of the respiratory mucosa is important for understanding the pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease, diagnosis, and development of new methods of treatment and prevention of COVID-19.

scholarly journals 24. Antimicrobial Activity of Ant Plant (Myrmecodia sp.) Water Fraction to Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Growth

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslizawaty Roslizawaty ◽  
Robbi Ghani ◽  
Maryulia Dewi ◽  
Darniati Darniati ◽  
T. Armanyah TR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Clear Zone ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to determine antimicrobial activity of sarang semut (Myrmecodia sp.) to Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. growth using Kirby Bauer methode. This study used Completely Randomized Design one way pattern. Sample used was water fraction of sarang semut with concentration of 25% (P2), 50% (P3), and 75% (P4). Positive control was amoxycillin and negative control was Aquadest. Data were analyzed by Analysis of Varians (ANOVA). Average clear zone formed on Escherichia coli of P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 0; 18,76; 5,96; 6,4; and 7,8 mm, respectively. Average clear zone formed on Salmonella sp. of P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4 were 0; 33,63; 7,73; 10,5; and 11,56 mm, respectively. ANOVA analysis showed there was correlation between extract concentration and inhibition zone on each culture of Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. T test on P2, P3, and P4 showed that this extract had better antimicrobial effect on Salmonella sp. compared to Escherichia coli. In conclusion, water fraction of Myrmecodia sp. had capability to inhibit Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. growth.

scholarly journals Declining Immunoglobulin A Production in Prostates of Men with AIDS

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 981-982
Author(s):  
Henry J. Carson ◽  
Nathan E. Lueck
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Iga Production

ABSTRACT We studied immunoglobulin A production (IgA) in prostates of men with AIDS. Prostate sections from AIDS patients and human immunodeficiency virus-negative men were stained for IgA with immunoperoxidase. Prostate sections from nondiseased men were positive for IgA, while prostate sections from AIDS patients were essentially negative for IgA. Diminishing secretory IgA production may represent a characteristic of AIDS.

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