The effect of an initial high-quality feeding regime on the survival of Gryllus bimaculatus (black cricket) on bio-waste

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Dobermann ◽  
L. Michaelson ◽  
L.M. Field
Keyword(s):  
Human Consumption ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Feeding Regime ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Present Trial

Previous studies have led to claims that insects can offer a solution to several food security hurdles, one of which is the processing of food waste. However, although it has been demonstrated that some insects survive well on bio-waste (e.g. Hermetia illucens), no study, has to date, demonstrated success rearing species more commonly used for human consumption, such as crickets, on biowaste from hatching. This trial aimed to establish if the black cricket, Gryllus bimaculatus, can be reared successfully on bio-waste from hatching. Since, in other livestock sectors it has been established that nutritional requirements vary with age and that diet must be altered accordingly to achieve the best growth, e.g. chick feed to layer mash in chickens, the present trial used a similar feeding regime of an initially high-quality feed to see if this allowed the subsequent survival of crickets on low quality bio-waste products. Pilot trials have demonstrated poor to no survival on beer waste and cow manure and mid-level survival on unprocessed vegetable waste with chicken feed as the control. Based on this, feed regimes of either 1 or 2 weeks high quality feed (chicken feed) and then either 2 or 3 weeks of low quality feed (beer waste or vegetable waste) were tested. Results showed that even 1 week of high quality feed makes a significant difference in survival and end size of crickets subsequently reared on low-quality bio-waste.

scholarly journals Combined Addition of Bovine Bone and Cow Manure: Rapid Composting of Chestnut Burrs and Production of a High-quality Chestnut Seedling Substrate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wangzun Chen ◽  
Libing He ◽  
Shiyi Tian ◽  
Joseph Masabni ◽  
Riqing Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Quenching ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Bovine Bone ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Psii Photochemistry

In China, chestnut burrs (CB) are produced at a rate of a million tons per year as the major byproduct of chestnut orchards. It is necessary to utilize the chestnut forest green waste and convert it into a valuable seedling media for the sustainable cultivation of chestnut seedlings. In this study, we composted CB with two waste products of cattle farming, namely cow manure (CM) and bovine bone (BM). We also evaluated the potential of CB compost application in chestnut forest sustainability. Results indicated that the best combination was the addition of 15% BM and 55% CM. This combination significantly improved the composting environment by increasing pH, enhancing phosphorus concentration and mineral elements such as Ca, Na, Mg and Zn, and shortened the composting period to 38 days. This combination also resulted in the highest content of citric acid-P (109.20 times than the control treatment) and the lowest content of NH4+–N (0.28 times than control treatment) indicating a better N and P structure of the final compost product. This combination achieved a greater degradation rate of CB cellulose (61.45%), hemicellulose (37.87%), and a more significant degradation of outer epidermis structure. When CB compost was used as a growing media, a significant decrease in photosynthesis stress of chestnut seedlings was observed, which was mainly manifested as a decrease in photochemical quenching (qP) and an increase of the maximum efficiency of PSII photochemistry under dark-adaption (Fv/Fm). Addition of 10% CB compost (in volume basis) is suggested, which resulted in the tallest chestnut seedlings (59.83 cm) with a stem diameter of 0.91 cm after six months of growth. In summary, this research provides an environmentally friendly strategy for chestnut orchard sustainability: rapid composting of CB, then immediate application as a high-quality substrate for chestnut seedlings.

Cultivation and Harvesting of Selenium-Enriched Ganoderma lingzhi and Spent Medium Using Kudzu Vine as Substrate

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157
Author(s):  
Zeng Xianlu ◽  
Han Fei ◽  
Zhong Yanmei
Keyword(s):  
Growth Medium ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Sodium Selenite ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Growth Substrate ◽  
Organic Selenium ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ganoderma Lingzhi ◽  
Run Speed

In order to harvest selenium-enriched fruiting body and spores of Ganoderma lingzhi and spent medium, G. lingzhi was cultivated in kudzu vine as substrate and the bio-transformation of selenite was evaluated. The growth medium consisted of Kudzu vine supplemented with 20% wheat bran or sawdust or none. The growth medium was supplemented with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mg/kg of sodium selenite. We found a significant difference in spawn run speed, fruiting body and spore yields when Kudzu vine was supplemented with wheat bran or sawdust. However, when whole-kudzu vine was used alone as substrate, it resulted in a significantly lower spawn run speed, fruiting body, and spore yields compared with kudzu vine + sawdust substrate and kudzu vine + wheat bran substrate. The selenium content in fruiting body and spores increased with increasing sodium selenite supplementation and approximately equaled half of the selenium in the substrate. No selenite was detected in both the fruiting body and spores. However, in the spent medium when sodium selenite was supplemented at 10, 20, 30, 50 mg/kg, the residual selenite concentration decreased to 0.45, 0.72, 1.29, and 1.95 mg/kg, respectively, suggesting a higher selenite transformation (92.27–93.57%). In conclusion, if Ganoderma fruiting body and spores were to be harvested for human consumption, approximately 50 mg/kg selenite should be added to the growth substrate. On the other hand, if the spent medium was to be used as an organic selenium source, the optimal sodium selenite supplementation level would be 10 mg/kg.

scholarly journals Lignin-Containing Coatings for Packaging Materials—Pilot Trials

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1595
Author(s):  
Asif Javed ◽  
Peter Rättö ◽  
Lars Järnström ◽  
Henrik Ullsten
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Kraft Lignin ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Pilot Trials ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ph Level ◽  
Ammonium Zirconium Carbonate

One severe weakness of most biopolymers, in terms of their use as packaging materials, is their relatively high solubility in water. The addition of kraft lignin to starch coating formulations has been shown to reduce the water solubility of starch in dry coatings. However, lignin may also migrate into aqueous solutions. For this paper, kraft lignin isolated using the LignoBoost process was used in order to examine the effect of pH level on the solubility of lignin with and without ammonium zirconium carbonate (AZC). Machine-glazed (MG) paper was coated in a pilot coating machine, with the moving substrate at high speed, and laboratory-coated samples were used as a reference when measuring defects (number of pinholes). Kraft lignin became soluble in water at lower pH levels when starch was added to the solution, due to the interactions between starch and lignin. This made it possible to lower the pH of the coating solutions, resulting in increased water stability of the dry samples; that is, the migration of lignin to the model liquids decreased when the pH of the coating solutions was reduced. No significant difference was observed in the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) between high and low pH for the pilot-coated samples. The addition of AZC to the formulation reduced the migration of lignin from the coatings to the model liquids and led to an increase in the water contact angle, but also increased the number of pinholes in the pilot-coated samples.

scholarly journals Levels of Evidence in Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery Research

2021 ◽  
pp. 019459982098713
Author(s):  
Jennifer A. Silver ◽  
Marco Mascarella ◽  
George Tali ◽  
Rickul Varshney ◽  
Marc A. Tewfik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skull Base ◽  
Skull Base Surgery ◽  
Absolute Number ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Levels Of Evidence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Surgery Research ◽  
Based Medicine

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the quality of evidence of rhinology and rhinologic skull base surgery (RSBS) research and its evolution over the past decade. Study Design Review article. Setting We reviewed articles from 2007 to 2019 in 4 leading peer-reviewed otolaryngology journals and 3 rhinology-specific journals. Methods The articles were reviewed and levels of evidence were assigned using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine 2011 guidelines. High quality was defined as level of evidence 1 or 2. Results In total, 1835 articles were reviewed in this study spanning a 13-year period. Overall, the absolute number of RSBS publications increased significantly 22.6% per year, from 108 articles in 2007 to 481 in 2019 ( P < .001; 95% CI, 7.9-37.2). In 2007, only 13 articles, or 15%, were high quality, and this grew to 146 articles, or 39%, in 2019. A 14.0% per year exponential increase in the number of high-quality publications was found to be statistically significant ( P < .001; 95% CI, 7.2, 20.7). Overall, high-quality publications represented just 25.8% of RSBS articles overall. There was no significant difference in quality between rhinology-specific journals and general otolaryngology journals (χ2 = 3.1, P = .077). Conclusion The number of overall publications and of high-quality RSBS publications has significantly increased over the past decade. However, the proportion of high-quality studies continues to represent a minority of total RSBS research.

scholarly journals Multi-Cycle-Consistent Adversarial Networks for Edge Denoising of Computed Tomography Images

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xiaowe Xu ◽  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Jinglan Liu ◽  
Yukun Ding ◽  
Tianchen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Image Denoising ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Ct Image ◽  
Paired Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Computed Tomography Images ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Global Cycle

As one of the most commonly ordered imaging tests, the computed tomography (CT) scan comes with inevitable radiation exposure that increases cancer risk to patients. However, CT image quality is directly related to radiation dose, and thus it is desirable to obtain high-quality CT images with as little dose as possible. CT image denoising tries to obtain high-dose-like high-quality CT images (domain Y ) from low dose low-quality CT images (domain X ), which can be treated as an image-to-image translation task where the goal is to learn the transform between a source domain X (noisy images) and a target domain Y (clean images). Recently, the cycle-consistent adversarial denoising network (CCADN) has achieved state-of-the-art results by enforcing cycle-consistent loss without the need of paired training data, since the paired data is hard to collect due to patients’ interests and cardiac motion. However, out of concerns on patients’ privacy and data security, protocols typically require clinics to perform medical image processing tasks including CT image denoising locally (i.e., edge denoising). Therefore, the network models need to achieve high performance under various computation resource constraints including memory and performance. Our detailed analysis of CCADN raises a number of interesting questions that point to potential ways to further improve its performance using the same or even fewer computation resources. For example, if the noise is large leading to a significant difference between domain X and domain Y , can we bridge X and Y with a intermediate domain Z such that both the denoising process between X and Z and that between Z and Y are easier to learn? As such intermediate domains lead to multiple cycles, how do we best enforce cycle- consistency? Driven by these questions, we propose a multi-cycle-consistent adversarial network (MCCAN) that builds intermediate domains and enforces both local and global cycle-consistency for edge denoising of CT images. The global cycle-consistency couples all generators together to model the whole denoising process, whereas the local cycle-consistency imposes effective supervision on the process between adjacent domains. Experiments show that both local and global cycle-consistency are important for the success of MCCAN, which outperforms CCADN in terms of denoising quality with slightly less computation resource consumption.

Growth performance of Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus production reared under improvised cage system for increased returns and food security

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
C.A. Ngonga ◽  
C.O. Gor ◽  
E.A. Okuto ◽  
M.A. Ayieko
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Cotton Wool ◽  
Conventional System ◽  
Gryllus Bimaculatus ◽  
Generalised Additive Model ◽  
Cage System ◽  
Significant Difference

Cricket farming is emerging as a new venture in Kenya poised to help alleviate protein deficiency and improve household living standards. However, competing, limited and unaffordable rearing systems constrain productivity and optimisation of this new enterprise. This study sought to evaluate the growth performance of Acheta domesticus and Gryllus bimaculatus reared in improvised cage system to assess its technical effectiveness. Twenty-day old of both species of crickets were separately reared in improvised and conventional cage systems for comparison purposes. Whereas an improvised cage system is a set of structure devised using locally available materials especially where the standard materials are limited, a conventional cage system is a set of structure made of standard and ordinary materials. The improvised system comprised of bamboo hideouts, clean scrap blankets for drinking and laying, cut bamboo stem as drinking platter and the plywood-based cages while conventional system comprised of egg carton hideouts, cotton-wool for drinking and laying, plastic petri-dishes, and plastic buckets. Each group of crickets (100 live crickets) was daily provided with equal amount of feed and water. Average weekly temperature and relative humidity profiles were recorded using HOBO data loggers. Further, 49 live crickets per treatment were randomly sampled and weighed weekly. Generalised additive model and analysis of variance were adopted to model the data therefrom using R. The cage system had a significant effect on the growth performance of the crickets. The mean weight of the cricket species differed, but not the interaction with the cage system. Similarly, species, temperature and relative humidity also influenced the growth performance. Compared to the conventional system, improvised cage system showed better results in realising high cricket productivity though there was no significant difference in growth performance between the two systems. The focus therefore should be to evaluate the egg productivity in scrap blanket in relation to cotton wool and cost effectiveness in improvised system to inform future farm decisions.

scholarly journals Feedback Environment and Creativity in Education Organizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Ying-Leh Ling ◽  
Fairuz Ismail ◽  
Abdul Ghani Kanesan Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Study ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Educational Organizations ◽  
Feedback Environment ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to examine the relationship between feedback environment practices and creativity in the educational organizations. This study is a quantitative study. A total of 40 polytechnic students from Polytechnic Kuching Sarawak are randomly selected to participate in this study. Data were obtained using a set of questionnaire consisting of three parts. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively and inferentially. Inferential analysis involves <em>t</em> test and Pearson correlation. The findings have shown that the level of feedback environment based on students' perception is high. Simultaneously, the level of creativity among the students is also high. The findings indicated that there is no significant difference in feedback environment between genders. Furthermore, the study also showed a significant and positive relationship between feedback environment and students’ creativity. The results of this study have several implications directly to the formation of high-quality students as feedback environment and students’ creativity are interrelated and inseparable in educational organizations.

scholarly journals Twenty-five tonnes of high quality forages annually in Canterbury

2004 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
T.J. Fraser ◽  
T.L. Knight ◽  
I.M. Knowles ◽  
M.G. Hyslop
Keyword(s):  
Lower Cost ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Cereal Breeding ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
High Yields ◽  
Final Harvest

Recent developments in cereal breeding for forage production have given the potential to greatly increase annual forage dry matter (DM) production. This paper reports on the findings from two cereal forage production trials on irrigated Canterbury land. Trial 1 studied the potential of a range of single and multi-grazed cereal forages over a 9 month period to produce high yields and quality from both grazing and whole-crop silage forage. Trial 2 studied the suitability of different cereal/ legume combinations for green-chop silage grown over a three month summer period. These two cereal forage systems, when combined in a 12 month period, produced in excess of 25 tonnes of high quality forage per hectare, almost double the DM production achieved using current perennial pasture based systems. Trial 1 showed no significant difference in the total DM produced by either single or multi-graze treatments. In Trial 2 pea/cereal combinations produced over 6 t DM/ha. Due to an earlier final harvest the multi-graze system is more easily combined with the summer crop and more likely to produce a lower cost and more sustainable forage system. Animal performance on forage produced in Trial 1 showed that dairy calves can grow well on cereal forages during winter. Keywords: cereal, feed supplements, forage, forage yield, legume, silage

scholarly journals Live weight performance of three different breed of indonesian local chickens in starter phase

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012009
Author(s):  
F Mustofa ◽  
A P Z N L Sari ◽  
A Agus ◽  
H Sasongko ◽  
E Suryanto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Phase 0 ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chicken Farm ◽  
Local Chicken ◽  
Weight Data ◽  
Local Chickens

Abstract The production of local chickens in Indonesia is determined by the availability of high-quality local chicken stocks. However, information on local chicken performance is limited, therefore, this study aims to determine the live weight performance of three local Indonesian chicken namely Merawang, Murung Panggang, and KUB in the starter phase. The study was conducted at chicken farm located in Semanu Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta. Meanwhile, the live weight data were collected at the starter phase (0, 2, and 4 weeks. The samples consisted of 196 Merawang, 157 Murung Panggang, and 416 KUB chickens reared in a battery cage in a closed house under similar conditions. Furthermore, the live weight performance data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result, the Merawang chicken had the highest live weight (P<0.05) at the day-old chick (DOC) age. At the same age, no significant difference was detected between the KUB and Murung Panggang chicken (P>0.05). However, the live weight of Murung Panggang was significantly higher at 2 and 4 weeks compared to others (P< 0.05). Therefore, it was concluded that there are variations in the live weight of the three local chickens during the starter phase.

scholarly journals KECERNAAN IN VITRO SILASE SAMPAH SAYUR DAN DAUN GAMAL MENGGUNAKAN MIKROORGANISME RUMEN KAMBING

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Indrayani Indrayani ◽  
Harapin Hafid ◽  
Dian Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Vegetable Waste ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Honestly Significant Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine the digestibility of dry matter and organic matter level waste silage mixed vegetables and Gliricidia leaves were tested in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Each of these treatments is R0 (Gliricidia leaves 100%), R1 (Gliricidia leaves 70% + 30% silage vegetable waste), and R2 (Gliricidia leaves 40% + 60% silage vegetable waste). Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further testing using the test Honestly Significant Difference (HSD). The results of ANOVA showed that the mixture of vegetable waste silage was highly significant (p <0.05) on dry matter digestibility and significantly (p <0.05) on the digestibility of organic matter. It can be concluded that the mixed of vegetable waste silage and Gliricidia leaves can improved digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, treatment of 40% and 60% Gliricidia leaves plus waste vegetable produce silage dry matter digestibility and percentage of organic matter is best (72,24% and 68,19%).Keyword: Silage vegetable waste, gliricidia leaves, dry and organic matter digestibilityABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenaan bahan kering dan bahan organik tingkat campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal yang diuji secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ialah R0 (daun gamal 100%), R1 (daun gamal 70% + silase sampah sayur 30%), dan R2 (daun gamal 40% + silase sampah sayur 60%). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji Beda Nyata Jujur (BNJ). Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa campuran silase sampah sayur berpengaruh sangat nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering dan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kecernaan bahan organik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa perlakuan campuran silase sampah sayur dan daun gamal dapat meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, perlakuan 40% daun gamal dan 60% silase sampah sayur menghasilkan persentase kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang terbaik yaitu (72,24% dan 68,19%).Kata kunci : Silase sampah sayur, daun gamal, kecernaan bahan kering, dan bahan organik.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document