scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Enterobacteriaceae Isolates from a Locally Preferred Drink – Kunun-Zaki in Kaduna State

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
S.K. Parom ◽  
G.D. Gamaleon ◽  
S.G. Ishaku ◽  
J.C. Igwe ◽  
O.F. Obajuluwa
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
The People ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Public Health

Background: ‘Kunun-zaki’ is a local drink made from slightly fermented corn or maize, with water as the medium. It is commonly taken by the people in the northern part of Nigeria. It has high nutritional benefit, even though it can also serve as a potential source of waterborne disease if not prepared under strict hygienic condition.Objective: This study was carried out to isolate Enterobacteriaceae bacteria from ‘kunun-zaki’ drinks and to determine their antibiotic susceptibility to commonly prescribed antibiotics within Kaduna metropolis of Kaduna State, Nigeria.Methods: A total of 20 samples were randomly collected from different locations (within a period of two weeks), analysed and coliform count determined. The bacterial isolates were identified using gram staining, selective media and standard biochemical tests. Antibiotics susceptibility testing was carried out using Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method.Results: The following bacteria were isolated: Enterobacteriaceae (50%), Staphylococcus aureus (30%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20%). The Enterobacteriaceae bacteria isolated were: Klebsiella pneumoniae 4 (20%), Escherichia coli 4, (20%), Citrobacter freundii 1 (5%) and Proteus vulgaris 1 (5%). The antibiotic susceptibility testrevealed that ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem and ofloxacin (each 100%) chloramphenicol (90%), amoxicillinclavulanate (80%) and streptomycin (70%) were active against the isolates while the isolates were resistant to ceftazidime (100%), meropenem (80%), cefoxitin and ceftriaxone (70%).Conclusion: This study showed the presence of Enterobacteriaceae contaminants in locally consumed drink (kununzaki) sold within Kaduna metropolis which pose a potential public health risk including the risk of transmission of strains which can lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance in the society.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification, and Antibiotics Susceptibility Determination of Proteus Species Obtained from Various Clinical Specimens in Erbil City

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-92
Author(s):  
Treska D. Kamil ◽  
Sanaria F. Jarjes
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Clinical Specimens ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
Proteus Hauseri ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Proteus Species

Fifty-two Proteus isolates, (47) Proteus mirabilis, (4) Proteus vulgaris, and (1) Proteus hauseri are being isolated from (200) clinical specimens taken from patients admitted to different hospitals in Erbil city/Kurdistan region of Iraq. Specimens were of urine, wounds swabs, burn swabs, vaginal swabs, ear swabs, eye swabs, and sputum. All isolates were identified depending on cultural, morphological, biochemical characteristics, and confirmatory VITEK 2 system. Furthermore, VITEK 2 (antibiotic susceptibility testing) panel was used to determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Proteus isolates, and the results showed that all isolates were entirely resistant to tetracycline and tigecycline (100%), but sensitive to meropenem. Furthermore, the present study reported a case of rare Proteus species – P. hauseri – isolated from a patient with urinary tract infection in Erbil City which characterized by no swarming on blood agar.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from freshwater fishes

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halima Sarder ◽  
Tahsin Khan ◽  
Mihir Lal Saha ◽  
Nusrat Jahan Punom ◽  
Shankar Chandra Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aeromonas Hydrophila ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Reference Strain ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Freshwater Fishes ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Significant Difference

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic microorganism. It is a secondary biological agent that contributes to the occurrence of fish diseases and its deterioration. This research was undertaken to determine the prevalence of A. hydrophila in some freshwater fishes collected from three different fish markets of Dhaka City and to test their antibiotic susceptibility. Total bacterial count and total aeromonas on different aeromonas selective media were enumerated using serial dilution technique. Bacterial isolates were characterized to identify A. hydrophila using biochemical tests and with comparison to reference strain (ATCC 7966). The lowest Aeromonas count was detected to be 2.83±0.40×102 cfu/g in Anabas testudineus and the highest was 1.03±0.153×103 cfu/g in Oreochromis mossambicus. On market basis highest aeromonas count was found in Anando Bazar (8.10±1.09×102 cfu/g) and lowest in Hatirpool Bazar (5.63±0.90×102 cfu/g) with no significant difference. Maximum susceptibility to amikacin and gentamicin was observed whereas all of the isolates were found resistant to a commonly used antibiotic amoxycillin. The obtained results point that antimicrobial susceptibility was more or less similar regardless of the origin of the samples collected. All the fishes investigated in this study contained A. hydrophila in their different organs.

scholarly journals Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Omor Ahmed Chowdhury ◽  
Md Raihan Ahmed ◽  
Md Raihan Dipu ◽  
Md Aftab Uddin
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Staphylococcus Spp

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users. Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Accelerate Pheno™ system to identify bacteria and determine antimicrobial susceptibility in positive blood cultures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana J. Fernandez-Pittol ◽  
Javier Morales ◽  
Elisa Rubio ◽  
Assumpta Fasanella ◽  
Izaskun Alejo-Cancho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Maldi Tof ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIntroductionNew platforms have recently been developed to reduce response time of identification and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial isolates in positive blood cultures from patients with bloodstream infections. The Accelerate Pheno™ system (Accelerate Diagnostics, Inc.) provides information on pathogen identification and antibiotic susceptibility in approximately 1.5 and 7 hours, respectively.MethodsIn this study we compared the Accelerate Pheno™ system with the standard procedure used in our laboratory. A total of 41 blood cultures were prospectively analysed with the Accelerate Pheno™ system and our standard methods, which include identification by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) by BD Phoenix system and E-test.ResultsThe correlation between the two methods using Cohen’s kappa coefficient was 0.82; mean (sd) time of identification for MALDI-TOF MS was 0.7 (0.22) hours and 1.43 (0.14) hours for the Accelerate Pheno™ system. The mean (sd) time of AST with the BD Phoenix system was 15.85 (2.57) hours and with the Accelerate Pheno™ system 6.7 (0.12) hours. AST results showed an overall essential agreement of 92% for the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and an overall category agreement of 96%. Among Gram positive isolates, essential and category agreements of 100% were observed. In Gram negative isolates 10 discrepancies were detected, which were classified as 7 major and 3 minor errors. Discrepancies in the Accelerate Pheno™ system were observed particularly for P. aeruginosa.ConclusionThe Accelerate Pheno™ system can improve turn-around time in the management of patients with bloodstream infections.

scholarly journals Detection of the Antiseptic Resistance Gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
اخلاص نعمة
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Susceptibility Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Test ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that causes a number of infections in immunocompromised patients. This organism appears to improve resistance  to many antimicrobial agents and a high percentage of clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa exhibit multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype . The purpose of this study is to screen the antibiotic susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates. Accordingly, 145 samples were collected from different clinical sources from patients who admitted to different hospitals in Baghdad city in a period ranged 23/8/2018-1/1/2019. The isolates were diagnosed as P. aeruginosa based on routine bacteriological methods and confirmed by a molecular method using 16SrRNA gene. The antibiotic  susceptibility test was performed to all identified isolates by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method using ten  types of antibiotics. The results of antibiotics susceptibility test revealed high levels of resistance toward Piperacillin (72.22%), Trimethoprim (68%), Ceftazidime (68%), Colistin (40.28%), and Levofloxacin (33.33%). And , the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Cetrimide was tested using different concentrations (2.048 to 0.004µg/100µl) and the results showed that MIC values ranged between 2.048 and 0.016) μg/100μL, and  the concentration of  0.256 μg/100μl was more frequent . Finally, the prevalence of qacE delta1 gene among bacterial isolates was detected in percentage  63.88% among bacterial isolates .

scholarly journals Aerobic Bacterial Isolates and Their Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of Pus Samples at Tertiary Healthcare Center of Northern India

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 247-251
Author(s):  
Aditya Rana ◽  
Veehteeanveshna Gupta ◽  
Subhash Chand Jaryal
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Gram Staining ◽  
Bacteriological Profile ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare

Introduction: Emerging resistance in microorganisms is a matter of great concern in health care setups. Bacterial isolate and AMR pattern changes from place to place and time to time. Unprofessional use of antibiotics has resulted in an increasing burden of antibiotic resistance. This study focused over the aerobic bacteriological profile and antibiotic resistance pattern in pus isolates. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was carried out from June, 2020 to May 2021. 1174 pus samples collected during the study period were included. The samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar. After aerobic incubation at 37°C for 18-24 hrs, organisms were identified by biochemical reactions, gram staining and antibiotic susceptibility was tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Result: Among the total 1174 pus samples, 712 (60.6%) were male and 462 (39.3%) were females. 857(72.9%) samples showed positive results. Among them, Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate followed by Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Klebsiella spp. The sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus was highest with Vancomycin and Linezolid, whereas Enterobacterales and Pseudomonas were sensitive with Piperacillin tazobactam. Conclusion: Increasing resistance always poses a challenge in treating infections. The development of resistant strains of pathogens can be limited by the judicious use of antibiotics. This study shows the infecting bacterial isolates and their antibiogram from this area. Keywords: Pus, antimicrobial resistance, bacterial isolates.

scholarly journals Prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of ear pathogens isolated from patients in Tripoli, north of Lebanon

10.3823/0801 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzer Hamze ◽  
Marwan Osman ◽  
Hassan Mallat ◽  
Marcel Achkar
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns ◽  
Culture Identification ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility ◽  
Susceptibility Patterns

Background. Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a severe public health problem. However, infected patients are usually treated empirically without preceding culture or antibiotics susceptibility testing, which may increase the antibiotic resistance level. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of common bacterial uropathogens isolated in Akkar governorate, North Lebanon. Methods. Spot midstream from urine samples from 9662 patients presenting UTI symptoms who came to Youssef Hospital Center located in Akkar governorate, were collected in sterile plastic cups. Culture, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed through conventional tools according to the manufacturer’s recommended procedures and the recommendations of the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing. Results. Overall, a total of 1009 bacterial uropathogens were isolated. Escherichia coli was predominant and represented 72.5% of all isolates , followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.2%), Enterococcus spp. (5.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.5%), Proteus spp. (3%), Enterobacter spp. (2%), Staphylococcus aureus (2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (1.6%), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (0.4%), Acinetobacter baumannii (0.2%) and Providencia rettgeri (0.1%). Moreover, the mean antibiotic resistance rates of isolates was relatively high, but similar to previous investigations reported in our country. Conclusion. To our knowledge, this is the first investigation reporting epidemiological data regarding the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogens isolated from patients in Akkar governorate. Our data indicated the urgent need of a strategic plan to tackle antibiotic resistance, particularly in deprived regions with poor healthcare structures such as Akkar governorate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3823/801

scholarly journals Carbapenemases and extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from Tunisian and Libyan hospitals

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (07) ◽  
pp. 718-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Najla Mathlouthi ◽  
Charbel Al-Bayssari ◽  
Allaaeddin El Salabi ◽  
Sofiane Bakour ◽  
Salha Ben Gwierif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Encoding Genes ◽  
Sequence Types ◽  
Esbl Producers

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production among clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae recovered from Tunisian and Libyan hospitals. Methodology: Bacterial isolates were recovered from patients in intensive care units and identified by biochemical tests and MALDI-TOF. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion and the E-test method. ESBL and carbapenemase activities were detected using standard microbiological tests. Antibiotic resistance-encoding genes were screened by PCR and sequencing. Clonal relationships between Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were carried out using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST). Results: A total of 87 isolates were characterized, with 51 and 36, respectively, identified as E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Overall the resistance prevalence was high for aminoglycosides (> 60%), fluoroquinolones (> 80%), and extended-spectrum cephalosporins (> 94%), and was low for imipenem (11.4%). Among this collection, 58 strains (66.6%) were ESBL producers and 10 K. pneumoniae strains (11.4%) were carbapenemase producers. The antibiotic resistance-encoding genes detected were blaCTX-M-15 (51.7%), blaTEM-1 (35.6%), several variants of blaSHV (21.8%), and blaOXA-48 (11.4%). The MLST typing of K. pneumoniae isolates revealed the presence of multiple clones and three novel sequence types. Also, close relationships between the OXA-48-producing strains from Tunisia and Libya were demonstrated. Conclusions: This study is the first paper describing the emergence of carbapenemase- and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae, sensitive to colistin, isolated in Tunisia and Libya. Active surveillance and testing for susceptibility to colistin should be implementing because resistance to colistin, mainly in Klebsiella, has been recently reported worldwide.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Species from Wounds Specimens

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
Mercy Ugbede Enemali ◽  
Danung Istifanus Yilkahan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Normal Wound Healing ◽  
Gram Staining

Purpose:  The aim of the study is to investigate biofilm forming capacity and the antibiotic susceptibility profile of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical wound specimen. Method: A total number of 60 wound specimens were submitted to the bacteriology laboratory of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Teaching Hospital for investigation, and screened for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The strains were identified on the basis of cultural characteristics, Gram staining, biochemical tests such as citrate, urease, indole, fermentation of sugar using triple sugar agar. The biofilm forming capacity of the strains are tested using the test tube method after standardizing the strains to approximately standard inoculated into a cooked meat broth. The growth rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains after 48 hours incubation are measured by taking the absorbance using Densi-Check. The strain growth rate is also checked. Biofilm formation at the liquid interface (pellicle) is qualitatively scored from the first to the last strain. The clinical significance of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm forming capacity and resistance to antibiotics which could result to none healing, delayed healing, foul smell of wound infection are checked for the experiment. Results: The analysis of the study shows that the strains are more susceptible to Ciprofloxacin and Streptomycin while the strains are less susceptible to Orfloxacin and Gentamycin. Conclusion: the data derived from human clinical studies make clear that biofilm have an important adverse effect on wound healing. Despite this, more fundamental scientific studies are required to understand what biofilm do to normal wound healing processes from cellular and immunological perspective.

scholarly journals Identification Of Cu Resistant Bacteria From Tin Mining-Affected Sea Sediment

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-119
Author(s):  
Rahmad Lingga ◽  
Budi Afriyansyah
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Heavy Metal Contamination ◽  
Heavy Metal Resistance ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Metal Resistance ◽  
Mining Activity ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Staining

Tin mining activity at sea has a various negative influence on the environment. One of them is heavy metal contamination that can affect the life of fisheries biota. This research conducted to isolate and test the Cu heavy metal resistance of marine sediment bacteria that are affected by tin mining activity. Sediment sampling was carried out in the area of tin mining to the mudflat neared to the mangrove area. Bacterial isolation was carried out by spread plate method and bacterial characterization included cell shape, Gram staining and biochemical tests. Furthermore, bacterial isolates tested for resistance to metals with concentrations of 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 40 ppm, 80 ppm and 100 ppm. The results showed that bacterial isolates originating from marine sediments affected by mining activity were resistant to Cu heavy metal at various concentrations. Isolates B6, B8 and A10 showed the highest resistance up to a concentration of 100 ppm

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