Mitigation of salinity stress in canola plants by sodium nitroprusside application

Salinity is a global issue threatening land productivity and food production. The present study aimed to examine the role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) on the alleviation of NaCl stress on different parameters of canola (Brassica napus L.) plant growth, yield as well as its physiological and anatomical characteristics. Canola plants were grown under greenhouse conditions in plastic pots and were exposed to 100 mM NaCl. At 50 and 70 days from sown, plants were sprayed with SNP (50 and 100 µM) solutions under normal or salinity condition. Growth and yield characters as well as some biochemical and anatomical changes were investigated under the experimental conditions. Salinity stress caused an extremely vital decline in plant growth and yield components. A significant increase was found in membrane permeability, lipid peroxidation, hydrogen peroxide, sodium, chloride, proline, soluble sugars, ascorbic and phenol in canola plants under salinity stress. Under normal conditions, SNP application significantly increased all studies characters, except sodium, chloride, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, membrane permeability that markedly reduced. Application of SNP to salt-affected plants mitigated the injuries of salinity on plant growth, yield, and improved anatomical changes. The present investigation demonstrated that SNP has the potential to alleviate the salinity injurious on canola plants.

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Exogenous Sodium Nitroprusside Mitigates Salt Stress in Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) by Affecting the Growth, Yield, and Biochemical Properties

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092576 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2576

Author(s):

Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir ◽

Ayesha Khan ◽

Milan Skalicky ◽

Allah Wasaya ◽

Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Sodium Nitroprusside ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Biochemical Properties ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Stress Effects ◽

Relative Water ◽

Moderate Salinity ◽

Salinity Levels

Soil salinity disrupts the physiological and biochemical processes of crop plants and ultimately leads to compromising future food security. Sodium nitroprusside (SNP), a contributor to nitric oxide (NO), holds the potential to alleviate abiotic stress effects and boost tolerance in plants, whereas less information is available on its role in salt-stressed lentils. We examined the effect of exogenously applied SNP on salt-stressed lentil plants by monitoring plant growth and yield-related attributes, biochemistry of enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) amassing of leaf malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Salinity stress was induced by NaCl application at concentrations of 50 mM (moderate salinity) and 100 mM (severe salinity), while it was alleviated by SNP application at concentrations of 50 µM and 100 µM. Salinity stress severely inhibited the length of roots and shoots, the relative water content, and the chlorophyll content of the leaves, the number of branches, pods, seeds, seed yield, and biomass per plant. In addition, MDA, H2O2 as well as SOD, CAT, and POD activities were increased with increasing salinity levels. Plants supplemented with SNP (100 µM) showed a significant improvement in the growth- and yield-contributing parameters, especially in plants grown under moderate salinity (50 mM NaCl). Essentially, the application of 100 µM SNP remained effective to rescue lentil plants under moderate salinity by regulating plant growth and biochemical pathways. Thus, the exogenous application of SNP could be developed as a useful strategy for improving the performance of lentil plants in salinity-prone environments.

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MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPOSES OF COW PEA (CV. PUSA BARSATI) GROWN ON FLY ASH AMENDED SOIL IN PRESENCE AND ABSENCE OF MELOIDOGYNE JAVANICA AND RHIZOBIUM LEGUMINOSARUM

Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology ◽

10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 17 ◽

pp. 17-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamal Singh ◽

A. A. Khan ◽

Iram Khan ◽

Rose Rizvi ◽

M. Saquib

Keyword(s):

Fly Ash ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Rhizobium Leguminosarum ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Maximum Growth ◽

Meloidogyne Javanica ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Insignificant Difference

Plant growth, yield, pigment and protein content of cow-pea were increased significantly at lower levels (20 and 40%) of fly ash but reverse was true at higher levels (80 and 100%). Soil amended by 60% fly ash could cause suppression in growth and yield in respect to 40% fly ash treated cow-pea plants but former was found at par with control (fly ash untreated plants). Maximum growth occurred in plants grown in soil amended with 40% fly ash. Nitrogen content of cow-pea was suppressed progressively in increasing levels of fly ash. Moreover, Rhizobium leguminosarum influenced the growth and yield positively but Meloidogyne javanica caused opposite effects particularly at 20 and 40% fly ash levels. The positive effects of R. leguminosarum were marked by M. javanica at initial levels. However, at 80 and 100% fly ash levels, the positive and negative effects of R. leguminosarum and/or M. javanica did not appear as insignificant difference persist among such treatments.Key words: Meloidogyne javanica; Rhizobium leguminosarum; Fly ash; Growth; YieldDOI: 10.3126/eco.v17i0.4098Ecoprint An International Journal of Ecology Vol. 17, 2010 Page: 17-22 Uploaded date: 28 December, 2010

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Gibberellic Acid Induced Changes on Growth, Yield, Superoxide Dismutase, Catalase and Peroxidase in Fruits of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.)

Horticulturae ◽

10.3390/horticulturae6040072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Mazhar Abbas ◽

Faisal Imran ◽

Rashid Iqbal Khan ◽

Muhammad Zafar-ul-Hye ◽

Tariq Rafique ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Bitter Gourd ◽

Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Dual Action ◽

Induced Changes ◽

The Impact

Bitter gourd is one of the important cucurbits and highly liked among both farmers and consumers due to its high net return and nutritional value. However, being monoecious, it exhibits substantial variation in flower bearing pattern. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) are known to influence crop phenology while gibberellic acid (GA3) is one of the most prominent PGRs that influence cucurbits phenology. Therefore, a field trial was conducted at University of Agriculture Faisalabad to evaluate the impact of a commercial product of gibberellic acid (GA3) on growth, yield and quality attributes of two bitter gourd (Momordica charantiaL.) cultivars. We used five different concentrations (0.4 g, 0.6 g, 0.8 g, 1.0 g, and 1.2 g per litre) of commercial GA3 product (Gibberex, 10% Gibberellic acid). Results showed that a higher concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 g L−1 water) enhanced the petiole length, intermodal length, and yield of bitter gourd cultivars over control in Golu hybrid and Faisalabad Long. A significant decrease in the enzyme superoxidase dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities were observed with an increasing concentration of gibberex (1.0 and 1.20 gL−1 water) as compared to control. These results indicate that the exogenous application of gibberex at a higher concentration (1.2 g L−1) has a dual action in bitter gourd plant: i) it enhances the plant growth and yield, and ii) it also influenced the antioxidant enzyme activities in fruits. These findings may have a meaningful, practical use for farmers involved in agriculture and horticulture.

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Burkholderia Phytofirmans PsJN Stimulate Growth and Yield of Quinoa under Salinity Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9060672 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 672 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Aizheng Yang ◽

Saqib Saleem Akhtar ◽

Qiang Fu ◽

Muhammad Naveed ◽

Shahid Iqbal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Ion Homeostasis ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Shoot Biomass ◽

World Population ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Burkholderia Phytofirmans Psjn

One of the major challenges in agriculture is to ensure sufficient and healthy food availability for the increasing world population in near future. This requires maintaining sustainable cultivation of crop plants under varying environmental stresses. Among these stresses, salinity is the second most abundant threat worldwide after drought. One of the promising strategies to mitigate salinity stress is to cultivate halotolerant crops such as quinoa. Under high salinity, performance can be improved by plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB). Among PGPB, endophytic bacteria are considered better in stimulating plant growth compared to rhizosphere bacteria because of their ability to colonize both in plant rhizosphere and plant interior. Therefore, in the current study, a pot experiment was conducted in a controlled greenhouse to investigate the effects of endophytic bacteria i.e., Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN on improving growth, physiology and yield of quinoa under salinity stress. At six leaves stage, plants were irrigated with saline water having either 0 (control) or 400 mM NaCl. The results indicated that plants inoculated with PsJN mitigated the negative effects of salinity on quinoa resulting in increased shoot biomass, grain weight and grain yield by 12%, 18% and 41% respectively, over un-inoculated control. Moreover, inoculation with PsJN improved osmotic adjustment and ion homeostasis ability. In addition, leaves were also characterized for five key reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzyme in response to PsJN treatment. This showed higher activity of catalase (CAT) and dehydroascobate reductase (DHAR) in PsJN-treated plants. These findings suggest that inoculation of quinoa seeds with Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN could be used for stimulating growth and yield of quinoa in highly salt-affected soils.

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Silicon Alleviates Copper Toxicity in Flax Plants by Up-Regulating Antioxidant Defense and Secondary Metabolites and Decreasing Oxidative Damage

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114732 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4732 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hossam S. El-Beltagi ◽

Mahmoud R. Sofy ◽

Mohammed I. Aldaej ◽

Heba I. Mohamed

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Oxidative Damage ◽

Antioxidant Defense ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Total Chlorophyll ◽

Yield Attributes ◽

Cu Toxicity

In recent years, nutrient management has gained much attention as a way to mitigate heavy metal stress. Silicon (Si) promotes plant defense responses against toxic metal stresses. In this study, we evaluated the effects of silicon (Si) on copper (Cu) toxicity in two flax genotypes (Sakha 1 and Sakha 2) as it relates to plant growth, yield attributes, total chlorophyll, nucleic acid content, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, oxidative damage, lipid peroxidation, copper and silicon content, and fatty acid composition. The results showed that Cu (100 and 200 µM) inhibited plant growth and increased Cu accumulation in soil, roots, and shoots. Cu significantly decreased the yield attributes, total chlorophyll by 9.5% and 22% in Sakha 1 and by 22.5% and 29% in Sakha 2, and enhanced the accumulation of non-enzymatic (tocopherol), enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismnutase, peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and catalase) and secondary metabolites (phenol and flavonoids). The DNA content significantly decreased in stressed plants with 100 and 200 µM Cu about 22% and 44%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and about 21.6% and 34.7% in Sakha 2, and RNA content also decreased by about 20% and 29%, respectively, in Sakha 1 and by about 2% and 13% in Sakha 2 compared to the control plant. Furthermore, Cu stress accelerated the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and induced cellular oxidative injury caused by lipid peroxidation. In parallel, Cu induced a change in the composition of fatty acids, resulting in lower unsaturated fatty acid levels and increased saturated fatty acids (increased saturation/unsaturation ratio for both genotypes). Treating the flax plants with irrigation three times with Si protected the plants from Cu toxicity. Si treatment decreased the uptake and the transport of Cu to the shoots and harvested seeds and promoted plant growth, yield attributes, and antioxidant defense systems by reducing Cu accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and the generation of H2O2. In addition, the alleviation of Cu toxicity correlated with increased Si accumulation in the roots and shoots. In conclusion, Si can be used to improve the resistance of flax plants to Cu toxicity by up-regulating the antioxidant defense system such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and catalase (CAT) and decreasing the oxidative damage caused by reactive oxygen species (ROS).

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Silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia) seedlings

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/665/2017-pse ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 63 (No. 12) ◽

pp. 545-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wu Guo-Qiang ◽

Liu Hai-Long ◽

Feng Rui-Jun ◽

Wang Chun-Mei ◽

Du Yong-Yong

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salt Tolerance ◽

Adverse Effects ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Membrane Permeability ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Organic Solutes ◽

Relative Membrane Permeability

The objective of this study was to investigate whether the application of silicon (Si) ameliorates the detrimental effects of salinity stress on sainfoin (Onobrychis viciaefolia). Three-week-old seedlings were exposed to 0 and 100 mmol/L NaCl with or without 1 mmol/L Si for 7 days. The results showed that salinity stress significantly reduced plant growth, shoot chlorophyll content and root K+ concentration, but increased shoot malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, relative membrane permeability (RMP) and Na+ concentrations of shoot and root in sainfoin compared to the control (no added Si and NaCl). However, the addition of Si significantly enhanced growth, chlorophyll content of shoot, K+ and soluble sugars accumulation in root, while it reduced shoot MDA concentration, RMP and Na+ accumulation of shoot and root in plants under salt stress. It is clear that silicon ameliorates the adverse effects of salt stress on sainfoin by limiting Na+ uptake and enhancing selectivity for K+, and by adjusting the levels of organic solutes. The present study provides physiological insights into understanding the roles of silicon in salt tolerance in sainfoin.

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Effect of Biostimulants on Yield and Quality of Cherry Tomatoes Grown in Fertile and Stressed Soils

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci15568-20 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Metin Turan ◽

Ertan Yildirim ◽

Melek Ekinci ◽

Sanem Argin

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Mineral Content ◽

Organic Matter Content ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Matter Content ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Cherry Tomato ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Different Characteristics

Plant biostimulants are microorganisms (PGPR) and/or products obtained from different organic substances that positively affect plant growth and efficiency and reduce the negative effects of abiotic challenges. Effects of biostimulants on the plant growth, yield, mineral content, antioxidant enzyme activity, H2O2, malondialdehyde (MDA), sucrose, and proline contents of cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme L.) grown in soils with two different characteristics were investigated during a pot study under greenhouse conditions. Soil I was a fertile routinely vegetable-cultivated soil. Soil II had high salinity, high CaCO3 content, and low organic matter content. Commercial biostimulant products Powhumus® (PH), Huminbio Microsense Seed® (SC), Huminbio Microsense Bio® (RE), and Fulvagra® (FU) were used as seed coatings and/or drench solutions. All biostimulant treatments improved the plant growth and yield compared with the control in both soils. All biostimulant applications were more effective in soil II than in soil I. RE was the most effective application for mineral content in soil I, whereas FU was the most effective in soil II. Antioxidant activity, H2O2, MDA, and proline contents were decreased in both soils when biostimulants were used compared with the control. Peroxide (POD) activity was greater with SC1 in soil II. The RE treatment increased the sucrose content in soil II. In conclusion, single and combined use of high-purity fulvic acid and PGPR had positive effects on the growth of cherry tomato in fertile soil and under stressed conditions.

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Soil and cotton responses to tillage and ameliorant treatments in a brown clay soil. 2. Growth, yield and quality of cotton

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9700325 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (44) ◽

pp. 325 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

WA Muirhead ◽

J Lovedy ◽

JE Saunt

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Clay Soil ◽

Growth Yield ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Practical Significance ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Deep Tillage ◽

Gypsum Application

Furrow irrigated cotton was grown in 1965-66 and 1966-67 on previously uncultivated dense clay soil to which the following treatments were applied before sowing in 1965 ; normal ploughing (18 cm), precision ripping (30 cm), deep ploughing (40 cm), deep ripping (60 cm), and deep ploughing and deep ripping combined, with and without application of gypsum at 10 tons an acre or organic matter at 2 1/2 tons an acre. Each of the three deep tillages increased lint yield by about 12 per cent in the first season, but in the second season the combined deep ripping and deep ploughing alone gave a significant increase of 17 per cent. Precision ripping had no influence on yield. The gypsum treatment gave increases in both seasons (16 per cent in 1966 and 34 per cent in 1967) whereas organic matter had no effect. The higher yields were produced from a greater number of larger bolls, on taller, more vigorous plants with more main stem nodes. These effects on plant growth and yield were interpreted as resulting from the changes in subsoil porosity and water entry at irrigation (reported previously). As with the soil properties, the tillage and ameliorant treatments did not interact significantly on plant growth and yield. Changes in the quality of the lint accompanied the yield increases. Deep tillage and particularly gypsum application produced finer (lower Micronaire values), but longer and more elastic fibres than the control. However, differences between seasons were generally greater than those due to treatments, and the lowering of Micronaire values by gypsum or deep tillage could be regarded as either beneficial or deleterious depending on the seasonal conditions during lint development. By improving soil tilth, gypsum application increased seedling establishment and hence yield potential, and this could be of considerable practical significance in commercial crops grown on soils responsive to gypsum.

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Response to salinity in Glycine. 4. Salt concentration and the content of phosphorus, potassium, sodium and chloride in cultivars of G. wightii (G. javanica)

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9700099 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 10 (42) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

CT Gates ◽

KP Haydock ◽

MF Robins

Keyword(s):

Sodium Chloride ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Ion Content ◽

High Productivity ◽

The World ◽

Excess Sodium ◽

And Control ◽

Tolerance To Salinity

Adaptability to salinity stress was related to the productivity of Glycine wightii (G. javanica) cultivars by the technique of comparing the multivariate characteristics of response for 22 accessions that are representative of the world centres of origin. Roots and tops responses were compared to clarify the metabolic relations between glycines, as salinity was increased from that required for normal growth and metabolism to levels almost causing death due to excess sodium chloride in the substrate. There was a range and pattern of response that suggested grouping among the glycines. One group in particular was more resistant to salinity stress than others. These glycines exemplified to a greater degree than others the tendency of all to exclude sodium and to a lesser extent chloride from the plant tops. These were also the more vigorously growing glycines with a higher potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen content in both control and saline treatments. In them, vigour of growth and control of ion content were associated, and both these factors were important determinants of tolerance to salinity stress. Sodium appeared to be more toxic than chloride to plant growth. These aspects of growth and metabolism are discussed in relation to differences in ploidy between the groups of glycines. The technique used shed further light on the important agricultural problem of combining adaptability and high productivity.

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Synergetic Effects of Zinc, Boron, Silicon, and Zeolite Nanoparticles on Confer Tolerance in Potato Plants Subjected to Salinity

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010019 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 19 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Abdel Wahab M. Mahmoud ◽

Emad A. Abdeldaym ◽

Suzy M. Abdelaziz ◽

Mohamed B. I. El-Sawy ◽

Shady A. Mottaleb

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Soil Application ◽

Potato Plants ◽

Combined Application

Salinity stress is a severe environmental stress that affects plant growth and productivity of potato, a strategic crop moderately sensitive to saline soils. Limited studies are available on the use of combined nano-micronutrients to ameliorate salinity stress in potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.). Two open field experiments were conducted in salt-affected sandy soil to investigate plant growth, physiology, and yield of potato in response to soil salinity stress under single or combined application of Zn, B, Si, and Zeolite nanoparticles. It was hypothesized that soil application of nanoparticles enhanced plant growth and yield by alleviating the adverse impact of soil salinity. In general, all the nano-treatments applications significantly increased plant height, shoot dry weight, number of stems per plant, leaf relative water content, leaf photosynthetic rate, leaf stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, and tuber yield, as compared to the untreated control. Furthermore, soil application of these treatments increased the concentration of nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and B) in plant tissues, leaf proline, and leaf gibberellic acid hormone (GA3) in addition to contents of protein, carbohydrates, and antioxidant enzymes (polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) in tubers. Compared to other treatments, the combined application of nanoparticles showed the highest plant growth, physiological parameters, endogenous elements (N, P, K, Ca, Zn, and B) and the lowest concentration of leaf abscisic acid (ABA) and transpiration rate. The present findings suggest that soil addition of the aforementioned nanoparticles can be a promising approach to improving crop productivity in salt-affected soils.

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