Path Analysis of Vegetative Characteristics in Conilon Coffee Production Consortiated with Green Fertilizers in Tropical Climate

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Mario Euclides Pechara da Costa Jaeggi ◽  
Fábio Cunha Coelho ◽  
Israel Martins Pereira ◽  
Alex Justino Zacarias ◽  
Geraldo de Amaral Gravina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Coffee Plant ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between morphoagronomic characters and coffee productivity and their direct and indirect effects under the influence of different types of green fertilizers. The experiment was carried out in the field followed by the sampling method in a pre-established coffee plantation, installed in soil with a slope of 11% in the Southern Region of the State of Espírito Santo. The intercropping of coffee with green fertilizers studied were pigeon pea, jack bean, velvet bean, and wild Mexican sunflower, as well as a control treatment without green fertilizers. The experimental unit consisted of a coffee plant, clonal variety "Incaper 8142" Conilon Vitoria, with a spacing of 2.30 x 2.60 meters, with a crop age of seven years, using the border of at least one coffee plant between experimental units. Eight morphoagronomic characteristics were measured, having as main dependent variable the productivity (in kg per plant) obtained in the harvest of 2015, and as primary explanatory characteristics: plant height, orthotropic branch diameter, plagiotropic branch diameter, number of leaves, number of nodes, number of orthotropic branches, number of plagiotropic branches and number of productive nodes. To increase productivity, coffee plants with the highest number of orthotropic branches and number of plagiotropic branches should be selected. The characteristics of greater direct contribution were a number of nodes and the number of productive nodes.

scholarly journals Associations between morpho-agronomic characters in Conilon (Coffea canephora) 8142

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e2229119731
Author(s):  
Mario Euclides Pechara da Costa Jaeggi ◽  
Alex Justino Zacarias ◽  
Israel Martins Pereira ◽  
Richardson Sales Rocha ◽  
Rita de Kássia Guarnier da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Green Manure ◽  
Coffea Canephora ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Tithonia Diversifolia ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The work consisted of the morpho agronomic evaluation of coffee crop under the influence of intercropping with different types of green manures. The experiment was carried out in the Southern Region of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The experimental plot consisted of five plants per experimental unit, using the clone "Incaper 8142" Conilon Vitória, intercropping with different types of green manure plants, which were: guandu beans (Cajanus cajan), pig bean (Canavalia ensiformis), mucuna preta (Mucuna Pruriens) and Mexican margaridão (Tithonia diversifolia) in addition to a control treatment without green manure. The planting consisted of rows adjacent and located in the “upper interline” meaning is not clear of the coffee crop. The morpho agronomic characteristics evaluated were: plant height, orthotropic branch diameter, plagiotropic branch diameter, number of leaves, number of nodes, number of orthotropic branches, number of plagiotropic branches and productive nodes e productivity green coffee kg/ha, besides the main dependent: The characteristics of greatest direct contribution were number of nodes and number of productive nodes. The species of green fertilizer Mexican Margaridão (Tithonia diversifolia) provided a negative effect on the main variables related to production, and is not recommended for interplanting with robusta coffee.

Le phénotype moyen des unités systématiques de la sous-section “Urinaria” du genre Phyllanthus. Les formes adaptatives et la notion d'écotype

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Rossignol ◽  
M. Rossignol ◽  
R. Haïcour ◽  
P. Piquepaille
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Genetic Study ◽  
Ivory Coast ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Reproductive Apparatus ◽  
Plagiotropic Branches

In this article, we analyse the results of the study of morphological characteristics observed in various taxons of the urinaria complex regrouped by the authors under the Urinariae subsection of the Linné Urinaria section. By comparing these results with a taxonomic classification based on a previous genetic study, the qualitative analysis has shown that the discriminating characteristics in systematic units of rank equal to or higher than the species mainly belong to the reproductive apparatus. The vegetative apparatus provides only infraspecific characteristics, with the exception of pilosity and the colour of leaves common to the subsection. The quantitative analysis has shown that (i) practically all the information (90–95%) is provided by the plagiotropic branches (their length, the length of their internodes; dimension and number of their leaves) and by the pollen (dimensions); (ii) the various taxons of the subsection exhibit a wide polymorphism but, within the same population, the individuals are rather homogeneous; (iii) there exist "forms" within "lines," characterized by the size of the assimilating leaves, by the relationship between the length of the leaf and the length of the intenode, as well as by the relationship between the length of the plagiotropic branch and the number of leaves on the branch. Taking into account the results of the two preceding studies on P. urinaria from Guyana and the Ivory Coast, these forms appear adapted to climatic factors. They are the expression, at the level of each genotype from the ecodema selected by climate, of the existence (or absence) of regulating systems allowing the adjustment of the forms to abrupt variations (natural or artificial) in external conditions.

scholarly journals Levels of true digestible lisiane and metabolizable energy for growing pigs: effect on nitrogen and energy balance

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 1655-1662
Author(s):  
Rafael Coutinho Finamor Chiaradia ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽  
Paulo Borges Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Reduced Crude Protein ◽  
The Relationship

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Animal Husbandry of Universidade Federal de Lavras aiming to study the nitrogen and energy balance in diets with reduced crude protein rates (CP) and different levels of energy and lysine for growing pigs. 52 castrated pigs (initial weight = 36.13 ± 2.8 kg) of high genetic potential were used, housed individually in metabolism cages (experimental unit). The treatments consisted of 12 diets with three levels of metabolizable energy (ME) (3060, 3230 and 3400 kcal / kg) and four of true digestible lysine (TDL) (0.7, 0.9, 1.1 and 1, 3%) with 14% CP plus a control diet with 3230 kcal ME / kg, 1.03% TDL and 18% CP. We used a DBC in time 3x4 +1 factorial design with four replications to verify the absorbed nitrogen (AN), N retained (NR), the NR / NA (%),absorbed energy (AE), retained energy (RE) and the ratio RE /AE (%). In relation retained nitrogen / absorbed nitrogen was declining linear regression (P <0.05) when 3400 kcal / kg was used, where the lowest levels (0.7 and 0.9%) of TDL showed the best results. In the study of energy balance, for the variables retained energy and the relationship between energy there was no difference (P> 0.05) between the control treatment and other experimental diets. It is concluded that the levels 3230 kcal / kg and 1.03% of TDL can be used without affecting the utilization of nitrogen by growing pigs in diets with reduced crude protein content.

scholarly journals Growth and Accumulation of Nutrients by Weeds, in Maize and Legumes Intercrops

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NOLLA ◽  
I. JUCKSH ◽  
J.H. CASTALDO ◽  
R.C. ALVARENGA ◽  
L.P. ALBRECHT
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Nutrient Recycling ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Velvet Bean ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis

ABSTRACT: The presence of weeds on fields is a concern for farmers, due to competition with the commercial crops, reducing yields. The intercropping of maize with legumes provides weed control; after senescence, the nutrients accumulated by plants are released, recycling nutrients. The study of plant species and their diversity is called phytosociology. This study aimed at evaluating the accumulation of dry phytomass by maize intercropped with legumes and weeds species, and at evaluating nutrient cycling and the phytosociology of weeds. The experiment consisted of maize intercropped with legumes cover crops: jack-beans, Brazilian jack-beans, velvet bean, lablab-beans, and pigeon pea, and the control treatment (maize without intercrop), all without chemical or mechanical weed control. Maize was sown in the plots, and legumes were sown 64 days after maize. Maize was harvested 120 days after sowing (DAS), and legumes at 144 DAS. Weeds were sampled at 84 and 144 DAS. It was possible to evaluate the accumulation of dry phytomass, the nutrient content of the intercrop components, and the phytosociology of weeds. The phytomass accumulation by maize was not affected by the intercrop with legumes. The intercrop with velvet bean accumulated higher dry phytomass and suppressed weeds. Jack beans accumulated dry mass, but did not suppress weeds. The intercropping system changed the diversity of weeds. Panicum maximum, Commelina nudiflora, Commelina benghalensis, Leonotis nepetaefolia and Melampodium divaricatum stood out by presenting higher values of phytosociological index and nutrient recycling.

scholarly journals Condicionadores alternativos de substrato na qualidade da muda e produtividade de couve manteiga

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Nilciléia Mendes Silva ◽  
Antônio Carlos Simões ◽  
Gisley Karoline Emerick Bitancourt Alves ◽  
Regina Lúcia Félix Ferreira ◽  
Sebastião Elviro Araújo Neto
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Seedling Quality ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Organic Substrates ◽  
Weight Yield ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Organic Compost

<p>Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito de condicionadores de substrato na qualidade da muda e produtividade de couve manteiga cv. Geórgia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram de substratos orgânicos contendo os seguintes condicionadores: Casca de arroz carbonizada; Fibra casca de coco; Composto orgânico puro; Estipe de palmeira ouricurí picado; Caule decomposto de sumaúma e Substrato comercial, que foi utilizado como tratamento controle . Foi instalado um experimento em viveiro e outro em campo, ambos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, sendo a unidade experimental de 10 mudas no viveiro e 08 plantas em campo, foi realizado no período de março a julho de 2013 no Sítio Ecológico Seridó em Rio Branco, AC. Avaliou-se aos 30 dias após a semeadura o índice de qualidade de muda, a massa seca da parte aérea e raiz das mudas de couve, e no experimento à campo, aos 70 dias após o transplantio avaliou-se a massa seca da parte aérea, massa fresca comercial, produtividade, massa média de folha fresca e número de folha por planta. Substratos contendo composto orgânico puro ou condicionadores de casca de arroz carbonizada, fibra de coco ou estipe de palmeira produzem mudas com qualidade superior. Porém, a inferioridade das mudas produzidas com substrato de caule decomposto de sumaúma não diminui a produtividade da couve.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Alternative substrate conditioners in seedling quality and yield of kale</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>Objective was to evaluate the effect of substrate conditioners in the quality of seedling and productivity of kale cv. Geórgia. The experimental design was randomized blocks with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consisted of the organic substrates: carbonized rice husk, coconut shell fiber, organic compost, chopped palm stipe, decomposed kapok stem and commercial substrate, used as control treatment. An experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and another in the field, the both following the randomized blocks design, with four replications, and the experimental unit of 10 seedlings in the greenhouse and eight plants in the field, from March to July 2013, in Sítio Ecológico Seridó in Rio Branco, Acre State, Brazil. Was evaluated at 30 days after sowing the seedling quality index, dry mass of shoots and roots of kale, and in experiment of field, 70 days after transplanting to the evaluated the dry mass of the aerial part, commercial fresh weight, yield, mass fresh leaf and number of leaves per plant. The substrate containing organic compost or conditioner of carbonized rice husk, coconut shell fiber or chopped palm stipe produced seedlings with the highest quality. However, the inferiority of seedlings produced with decomposed kapok stem substrate does not reduce productivity of kale.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Effect of Three Ca Sources Applied On Peanuts I. Productivity and Seed Quality1

1980 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Hallock ◽  
A. H. Allison
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Relative Effectiveness ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Early Flowering ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The relative effectiveness of United States Gypsum granular 420 Landplaster Bulk (420-Bulk) and Texasgulf Gypsum (Tg Gypsum) were compared with finely ground anhydrite (Bagged-LP) as sources of supplemental Ca for Florigiant peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). Treatments included the above sources at rates of 605 kg/ha banded (61 cm) or 907 kg/ha broadcast (91-cm wide rows) of CaSO4 equivalent per unit area covered (double these rates of 420-Bulk and Bagged-LP also were applied in 1977). Times of application were planting, planting + ca 30 days, and early flowering stage. The experiments were located on Kenansville lfs (Arenic Hapludult) in 1977 and on Rumford lfs (Typic Hapludult) in 1978. The Ca treatments increased crop yields from 360 to 1,200 kg/ha and crop value (yield × price) from $343 to $889/ha over the check in 1977. Slightly lower yield increases were obtained in 1978 when dry conditions prevailed during fruit maturation. Kernel size grades were improved markedly by all Ca treatments in 1977. There was a definite trend both years (significant in 1978) toward higher productivity when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage compared to earlier applications. No difference was noted between methods of application of Bagged-LP or Tg Gypsum in 1978. Double rates of Bagged-LP or 420-Bulk in 1977 did not increase productivity over the low rates. A single application of Bagged-LP was as effective as split applications in the 1978 test. Germinability of seed in 1977 averaged 85% or higher for all Ca treatments. Seed germination in 1978 averaged 75%, 69% and 74% in plots where Tg Gypsum, 420-Bulk or Bagged-LP was applied, respectively. Germination was lowest in the check plots both years. Germinability and seed-Ca contents were significantly higher in 1978 when the Ca sources were applied at the early flowering stage (ca July 1) than 15 days earlier. Seed-Ca contents both years and K contents in 1978 were significantly correlated with germinability. The correlation coefficients were only 0.4 in each case and the relationship was negative for K. In general, 420-Bulk, Tg Gypsum, or Bagged-LP were equally effective sources of supplemental Ca for peanuts. However, when fruit mature under very dry conditions 420-Bulk may be somewhat inferior to the other Ca sources especially when applied before early flowering.

195 Does Feeding a Protease and Probiotic (Bacillus Subtilis) Combination (Syncra® SWI) Result in Improved Growth Performance and Mortality in a Commercial Wean-to-finish Swine Feeding Program?

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 77-78
Author(s):  
Trey A Kellner ◽  
Josh Ellingson ◽  
Ana L P de Souza ◽  
Janet C Remus
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Feeding Program ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Combined Feed

Abstract The response to probiotics and enzymes is often documented in research facilities with a high degree of control and via pigs with no insults to health or feed intake. However, in commercial conditions, the response to feed additives promoting advanced gut health and improved digestion must be consistent and defined over a wide range of health statuses, stocking densities, feed intakes, environments, and diet formulations. The objective of this experiment was to determine if a combined feed protease and probiotic system (Syncra® SWI 201, DuPont, Wilmington, DE) would improve growth performance and mortality under commercial conditions. A total of 127,092 pigs (6.0 ± 0.1 kg; PIC 337 sired, Hendersonville, TN) from a sow farm producing porcine reproductive and respiratory virus and rotavirus positive weaned pigs were placed in 53 2,400-head commercial wean-to-finish barns that were alternated to 1 of 2 treatments (a control treatment without Syncra® SWI (SSWI) or with SSWI included at 72.6 g/ton of finished feed from 22.7 kg of BW to harvest) in a rolling allotment over a 12-month period. Pigs were on the experiment for an average of 162 ± 1.0 days (until harvest). Throughout the 12-month experimental period, diets (outside of the SSWI inclusion) could change in order to maximize return over feed costs. Data were analyzed using Proc MIXED (SAS 9.4; Cary, NC) with treatment as the main effect and barn as the experimental unit. Compared to the control, adding SSWI improved mortality by 1.9% and percent grade 1 marketed pigs by 2.2% (P ≤ 0.025). Compared to the control, SSWI did not improve ADG (control = 0.75 vs. SSWI = 0.78 kg) or gain:feed (control = 0.401 vs. SSWI = 0.396). In conclusion, the inclusion of the SSWI combined feed protease and probiotic system can improve mortality and grade 1 marketed pigs, but not growth performance under commercial conditions.

scholarly journals Effect of Sulphur and GA3 on the Growth and Yield of Onion

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 57-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
MHA Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bulb Yield

An experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of the Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh to evaluate the effects of sulphur and GA3 on the growth and yield performance of onion cv. BARI Peaj-1. The experiment included four levels of sulphur viz., 0 (control), 15, 30 and 45 kg/ha and four concentrations of GA3 viz., 0 (control), 50, 75, 100 ppm. The experimental findings revealed that sulphur and GA3 had significant influence on plant height, number of leaves per plant, bulb diameter and length, individual bulb weight, splitted and rotten bulb, bulb dry matter content and bulb yield. The highest bulb yield (13.85 t/ha) was recorded from 30 kg S/ha, while the lowest bulb yield (11.20 t/ha) was obtained from control. Most of the parameters showed increasing trend with the higher concentration of GA3. Application of GA3 @ 100 ppm gave the maximum bulb yield (15.23 t/ha), while the minimum value (10.10 t/ha) was observed from control. Almost all the parameters were significantly influenced by combined treatments of sulphur and GA3 except bulb length of onion. The maximum bulb dry matter content (13.50%) and bulb yield (17.10 t/ha) were produced from the application of sulphur @ 30 kg/ha with 100ppm GA3, while the minimum bulb dry matter content (9.23%) and bulb yield (9.33 t/ha) were recorded from control treatment of sulphur with GA3.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v21i1-2.16749 Progress. Agric. 21(1 & 2): 57 - 63, 2010

scholarly journals Study of indole butyric acid (IBA) effects on cutting rooting improving some of wild genotypes of damask roses (Rosa damascena Mill.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fardin Nasri ◽  
Arsalan Fadakar ◽  
Mahmood Saba ◽  
Bayzid Yousefi
Keyword(s):  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Rosa Damascena ◽  
Indole Butyric Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maximum Root Length ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Maximum Root ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
The Rose

Rosa damascena is very important for essential oil production, medicinal properties and it is also widely cultivated as a garden rose. The Rose species is mainly propagated by stem cutting. In the present study, the effect of different levels of 0, 500 and 1,000 mg l-1 (quick dip method for 20 s) of indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of 12 wild genotypes (including: Kurdistan 1 to Kurdistan 12) of R. damascena was investigated. The results show that the rooting ability of R. damascena differs significantly between the twelve genotypes. The highest rooting (79.56%) and callus production (69.08%), number of roots (8.33), root fresh and dry weights (361.80 and 244.74 mg, respectively) were recorded in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA. The maximum root length (5.84 cm) was observed in Kurdistan 5 genotype with 500 mg l-1 IBA that showed a significant difference compared to the control treatment (0.96 cm). The highest number of leaves per bud (7.33 at 500 mg l-1 IBA) and number of buds (5.00 at 1,000 mg l-1 IBA) were recorded in Kurdistan 1 genotype. The current study demonstrated that the different genotypes of R. damascena were in a difficult-toroot state, which suggests that cutting treatment with 1,000 mg l-1 IBA overcame the problem of the difficult-to-root state, and it can also enhance the rooting percentage in the studied genotypes.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Efficiency of Foliar Nutrient with the Chemical Fertilizer of Super Swing and Whey in some Growth Parameters and Concentration of Certain Nutrients of Transplants of Sour Orange Citrus aurantium L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 282-290
Author(s):  
Nada A. El-Qatrani
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sour Orange ◽  
Stem Number ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
College Of Agriculture ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Metabolic Performance

This study was carried out in the nursery of Department of Horticulture and Landscape Design, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah during 2018 growing season. Completely randomized blocks design (C.R.B.D.)  was used to investigate the effect of different concentrations of super swing (0, 0.5 and 1) g.l-1 and whey (0, 50 and 75) % and their interactions to enhance the growth parameters and chemical characteristics of Sour orange transplants. The results showed a significant increase in most of the measured growth parameters of transplants treated with high concentration of foliar spraying to both fertilizers. Application of super swing at 1 g.l-1 with whey at 75% together significantly increased the height of plant, the number of leaves, leaf area, the diameter of stem, number of flowers, the leaves content of both nitrogen and potassium, percentage of dry matter, and content of chlorophyll. Whereas, control treatment was significantly increased the water content compared to other treatments. Addition of growth-enhancing compounds such as super swing and whey extract to the plant can improve the metabolic performance and enhances the plant's ability to absorb nutrients from the soil.

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