scholarly journals Study of Huichol Vernacular Housing through Thermal Analysis of the Construction Elements Characteristic of the Pre-hispanic Era

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Magos Ramírez Sergio ◽  
Murillo Cuevas Damarix Sarai ◽  
Flores Gutiérrez Avatar ◽  
Thautam Varun ◽  
Serrano Arellano Juan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Resources ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Energy Plus ◽  
Thermal Delay ◽  
The Face ◽  
Gain Loss ◽  
San Andres

Aims: Analyze the thermal quality provided by the building elements of Huichol vernacular housing concerning the climatic conditions of San Andrés Cohamiata, Jalisco. Study Design: The analysis was performed through a simulation of computer housing, for which the characteristics of the materials and EPW (Energy Plus Weather) data of 2018 from the study area were applied to the model, analyzed in programs such as 2D Sun-Path, 3D Sun-Path and Opaque. Place and Duration of Study: Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Graduate of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, between January and March 2019. Methodology: First, a bibliographic and field study was carried out to verify the materials and construction processes of Huichol housing. The computer housing model was designed to apply the characteristics of the materials, as well as the location and orientation handled by the Huichol ethnic group. Subsequently, EPW (Energy Plus Weather) data from the study area were introduced to opaque software to perform thermal analysis of the house and various factors are studied such as thermal mass and insulation, heat gain/loss, direct radiation, diffuse, dry bulb temperature, among others. Also, in software such as 2D Sun-Path and 3D Sun-Path, the study of sunbathing and shadows of the house was carried out. Results: The orientation of the house allows them to make better use of solar radiation at different times of the year. Its construction elements (wall thickness, material, and ceiling structure) decrease the overheating of the space in summer. Adobe walls have a thermal delay of 4 hours, and internal conditions are optimal to maintain thermal comfort in summer and winter. Internal temperatures during the year range from 20 to 25°C. Conclusions: Huichol culture has important knowledge in the construction with natural materials, as these allow positive thermal behaviour in the face of the climatic conditions of the area throughout the year. These housing characteristics may apply to other ethnic groups in the region with limited economic resources, to improve their living conditions.

Thermal Analysis of Expressway Considering Wind Effect

2013 ◽  
Vol 419 ◽  
pp. 895-904
Author(s):  
X. Cao ◽  
H. Miyashita ◽  
T. Kako ◽  
Z. Zhang ◽  
B. Song
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Computer Calculation ◽  
Basic Mechanism ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Wind Effect ◽  
Fortran Language ◽  
Explicit Finite Difference ◽  
Explicit Finite Difference Method

This paper reports a method of thermal analysis of expressway and the results of analysis of four expressways currently used in Japan. The authors built a mathematical model based on the principle of thermal conduction. For the boundary conditions in this mathematical model the influence of solar radiation, wind and air temperature etc. are taken into consideration. Explicit finite difference method is used in the analysis. The authors made an analysis program in Fortran language. Four main expressways distributing from the northern to the southern in Japan are chosen as the objects of this study. The observed weather data of the hottest days experienced by these expressways during the past 30 years is input into the computer calculation. The basic mechanism of expressway temperature change and effect factors are illuminated. The results are reported and discussed.

Transient Thermal Analysis for the Automotive Underhood and Underbody Components

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Hsien Wu ◽  
Kumar Srinivasan ◽  
Steven Patterson ◽  
Emmanuel Bot
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Thermal Management ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
New Approach ◽  
The Past ◽  
Full Vehicle ◽  
Development Cycle ◽  
Transient Thermal ◽  
Steady State Solutions

The transient thermal simulation is an important part of thermal management development for new vehicle architectures. Different techniques have been studied in the past to address this coupled conduction/convection/radiation problem. In order to fully capture the transient thermal behavior of various underhood and underbody components, it is also necessary to accurately model the thermal mass of each part and the thermal links between dissimilar materials. The paper will outline a new, efficient methodology for this type of thermal analysis that shows acceptable results for complex full vehicle thermal analysis without sacrificing accuracy. The methodology is based on approximating the transient convective field with intermittent steady state solutions. The paper will present results from this new approach and compare them with fully transient simulation results as well as experimental data. The new methodology can be optimized to significantly reduce simulation run times without sacrificing accuracy and to be more practical for application in the vehicle development cycle.

Field survey on frost damage to roof tiles under climatic conditions

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiemi Iba ◽  
Ayumi Ueda ◽  
Shuichi Hokoi
Keyword(s):  
Field Survey ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Measured Temperature ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Roof Tile ◽  
Deterioration Process ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – Frost damage is well-known as the main cause of roof tile deterioration. The purpose of this paper is to develop an analytical model for predicting the deterioration process under certain climatic conditions. This paper describes the results of a field survey conducted to acquire fundamental information useful to this aim. Design/methodology/approach – A field survey of roof tile damage by freezing was conducted in an old temple precinct in Kyoto, Japan. Using detailed observations and photographic recordings, the damage progress was clarified. To examine the impact of climatic conditions upon the damage characteristics, weather data and roof tile temperatures were measured and logged in the winter season. Findings – The deterioration process was observed under the climatic conditions associated with the measured temperature of the roof tiles. In particular, it was revealed that the orientation has a significant influence on increasing or decreasing the risk of frost damage. For certain distinctive forms of damage, the deterioration mechanisms were estimated from the viewpoint of the moisture flow and temperature distribution in the tile. Originality/value – This study contributes to the elucidation of the mechanism behind frost damage to roof tiles. The findings will guide the construction of a numerical model for frost damage prediction.

scholarly journals Performance Analyses of Temporary Membrane Structures: Energy Saving and CO2 Reduction through Dynamic Simulations of Textile Envelopes

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela De Vita ◽  
Paolo Beccarelli ◽  
Eleonora Laurini ◽  
Pierluigi De Berardinis
Keyword(s):  
Energy Saving ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Co2 Reduction ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Thermal Mass ◽  
Membrane Structures ◽  
Dynamic Simulations ◽  
Carbon Reduction

The aim of this research, carried out in collaboration with Maco Technology Inc., was to analyse the energy performance of temporary textile structures that are often used to host itinerant events. This paper illustrates the dynamic simulations carried on the Ducati Pavilion, designed by Maco Technology, which hosted Ducati staff during the different stages of the Superbike World Championship. Specific aspects relating to the structural/constructive system of the project were also analysed. The theme of energy saving and carbon reduction is of great importance in temporary and itinerant structures and environmental sustainability in relation to the materials used, storage, re-use, mode of transport and ability to respond efficiently to the climatic conditions of the installation sites is an important aspect. The Ducati Pavilion was modelled and analysed from an energy point of view using Design Builder software. Ways of improving performance were analysed under summer conditions. The paper focuses on the importance of optimizing the performance of textile envelopes: the methodology proposed allows visible savings in terms of energy consumption and achieves good levels of environmental comfort in temporary buildings with low thermal mass structure.

scholarly journals Southeast Asia as One of World’s Primary Sources of Biotic Recolonization Following Anthropocene Extinctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şerban Procheş ◽  
Syd Ramdhani ◽  
Alice C. Hughes ◽  
Lian Pin Koh
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Habitat Destruction ◽  
Conservation Priorities ◽  
High Survival ◽  
The North ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Ancient Lineage ◽  
The Face ◽  
Lineage Diversity

The plight of Southeast Asia’s animals, plants and ecosystems in the face of unsustainable exploitation and habitat destruction has been illustrated in several recent studies, despite often falling outside the global discourse on global conservation priorities. Here, we collate biogeographic and phylogenetic information to argue that this beleaguered region is one of world’s primary macrorefugia, and possibly its best chance of regaining its natural biodiversity distribution patterns after the current Anthropocene upheaval. The region uniquely combines top diversity values in (a) ancient lineage diversity and (b) cosmopolitan lineage diversity, suggesting that it has acted in the past as a biodiversity museum and source of global colonization. This is at least partly due to the interplay between latitudinal diversity gradients and continental connectivity patterns. However, the peak values in South China/North Indochina for cosmopolitan tetrapods and their sister lineages suggest that a key feature is also the availability of diverse climatic conditions. In particular, the north-south orientation of the mountain ranges here has allowed for rapid recolonization within the region following past climatic changes, resulting in high survival values and overall exceptional relict lineage diversity. From this starting point, global colonization occurred on multiple occasions. It is hoped that, with urgent action, the region can once again fulfill this function.

scholarly journals Hardware – wheat pests as elements of the species consortium

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
T. M. Kolombar
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The Face

Annually in the world, insect pests kill 10–15 % of the crop yield, which in the face of increasing humanity creates a global problem for food security. For the territory of Ukraine in some years, the loss of wheat yields reach 25 % and, in the face of this tendency, real risks to the security of the state are created. Considering that the agrarian trend of the state development has been increasing in recent years, the development of grain-adapted to the ecological and climatic conditions of Ukraine is a priority direction of the development of domestic agriculture. And the development of new environmentally friendly methods of controlling pests of wheat using parasitic organisms will become a fundamentally new and pressing issue in the development of organic production in the country. The general list of pest species that can cause serious wheat yield and forage reduction in Ukraine includes more than 230 names, but only 18 species are able toentail the biggest losses. Among them belong to the order Coleoptera. One insect species is usually a host of several species of mites, nematodes and up to ten species of gregarines and microsporidia. Unfortunately, the taxonomic composition of parasites of phytophagous pets of wheat in Ukraine has not been thoroughly investigated. We studied the interrelation between parasites of 4 phytophagous insects of wheat as well as of 14 insect species found in granaries. The study of the species composition of parasitic organisms of wheat and grain pests is based on the study of the elementary part of the consortium ecosystem, where they act as second order consortia. Phytophagous parasites of wheat and collar pests of cereals, as second-order consorts, have been fragmented worldwide. The purpose of this work is to determine the species composition of gregarine as a component of wheat consortium for their further use in the creation of integrated methods of protection of wheat and products of its processing. As a result, 28 species of gregarines were registered, which belong to seven families (Didymophyidae, Ophryocystidae, Hirmocystidae, Lipotrophidae, Stylocephalidae, Actinocephalidae and Gregarinidae). On the average, 1–2 species of gregarines parasitize in one pest species. 7–10 species of parasites were identified in some insects of the family Tenebrionidae (Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 and Tribolium confusum Jacquelin du Val, 1863). Each presented parasite is characteristic of 1–2 species of pests, but there are species of gregarines that infect up to four species of model species, such as Gregarina cuneata Stein, 1848. The largest number of individuals who are infested with gregarines belong to such families as Tenebrionidae and Dermestidae (38,6 % and 36,0 % of the total number of species, respectively). On pests – phytophages parasitizes about 8 species of gregarine families Stylocephalidae, Gregarinidae, Actinocephalidae. For barns pests are recorded barnacles of all 7 families.

scholarly journals Clinical spectrum of facial hypermelanosis: a descriptive study from a tertiary care centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Mohammed Thoyyib ◽  
Roshni Menon ◽  
Brinda G. David
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Pigmentary Disorders ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Face ◽  
Detailed Clinical History

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Facial melanosis (FM) which refers to brown, black or blue pigmentation over the face is a common cosmetic concern in Indian patients. This increased incidence could be due to remarkable diversity of Indian ethinic population. Pigmentary disorders of the face are a great cosmetic and psychological concern for the patients.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> This is an extensive descriptive clinico epidemiological study comprising of 1024 patients, conducted at Sri Venkateshwara Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Puducherry, for a period of one and a half years. A detailed clinical history and examination was done, and all the clinical photographs and data were recorded. Necessary investigations like skin biopsy and patch testing was done wherever required.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The maximum number of patients belong to the age group of 21-35 years with a female predominance (67.2%). Among patients of FM, post inflammatory pigmentation (35.3%) was the most common comprising of 362 patients, followed by melasma (17.2%), periorbital melanosis (15.7%), seborrheic melanosis (7.5%) followed by other causes.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> FM is common in Indian skin, several of which have overlapping features, and some have defined clinical classification. Additionally, climatic conditions, cosmetic usage and social parameters predispose to the increased incidence of FM.</p>

scholarly journals Study of a solar air conditioning system with ejector

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Ghodbane Mokhtar
Keyword(s):  
Solar Collector ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
The Face ◽  
Thermal Generator

Air conditioning is one of the indispensable conditions of well-being in human life, so the face of this research to provide this basic necessity in remote areas and in desert places far from power grids. To achieve this goal, solar air conditioning has been adopted, where the compressor was replaced by an ejector, a parabolic trough solar collector and a small pump; this means that the solar air conditioner does not need a huge amount of electrical energy to operate. This paper is studding the thermodynamic cycles of this air conditioner as a function of changing the climatic conditions of Bouzaréah region in Algeria under several practical conditions of heat exchangers (Condenser, Evaporator and Generator). This study will allow the determination of the optical and thermal efficiency of the solar collector used as a solar thermal generator, refrigeration subsystem performance (COPEje) and system thermal ratio of the air conditioner, where the cooling load is estimated at 18 kW.

scholarly journals Climate as an Evolutionary Driver of Nest Morphology in Birds: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Perez ◽  
Janet L. Gardner ◽  
Iliana Medina
Keyword(s):  
Local Environment ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Extended Phenotype ◽  
The Face ◽  
Building Behavior ◽  
Fledgling Success ◽  
Nest Microclimate ◽  
The Relationship

Avian nests are critical for successful reproduction in birds. Nest microclimate can affect egg development, chick growth and fledgling success, suggesting that nest building behavior should be under strong selective pressure to nesting conditions. Given that the internal microclimate of the nest is critical for avian fitness, it is expected that nest morphology is shaped by the local environment. Here we review the relationship between nest morphology and climate across species’ distributions. We collate growing evidence that supports a link between environmental conditions and particular nest traits, within species and across species. We discuss the degree to which phenotypic plasticity in nesting behavior can contribute to observed variation in nest traits, the role of phylogenetic history in determining nest morphology, and which nest traits are likely to be influenced by climatic conditions. Finally, we identify gaps in our understanding of the evolution of nest morphology and suggest topics for future research. Overall, we argue that nests are part of the extended phenotype of a bird, they play a crucial role in their reproductive success, and may be an important factor in determining which species will be able to persist in the face of ongoing climate change.

scholarly journals Process of forming a regional recreation system in the conditions of a border region

2020 ◽  
Vol 164 ◽  
pp. 07028
Author(s):  
Anastasia Vasilieva ◽  
Raisa Belaya
Keyword(s):  
Regional Policy ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Factor Rotation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Definition Of

Significant heterogeneity of the level of development of the Russian border, including in the field of recreation, imposes requirements for differentiation in the regional policy. Definition of the types of territories helps to solve applied management tasks more effectively. In this context, the factors by which these types were formed are important. To solve this problem, the authors conducted a factor analysis through the principal component method using oblique factor rotation. Three blocks of variables were analyzed that characterize the subjects of the Russian Federation that have land borders on the mainland (including river and lake borders) and sea borders with neighboring countries located on the map clockwise from Norway to the United States (border regions of Russia) for the period from 2010 to 2018. As a result, five factors were identified: the factor of the demand for the services of the recreational system, the factor of the development of the infrastructure of the recreational system in climatic conditions, the environmental safety factor, the factor of investment in the development of the recreational system infrastructure, the factor of the location at the border. The results of the study can be used as a practical tool for developing recommendations in the field of regional policy aimed at development of a recreational system, taking into account the factors determined for each identified group. The results of the study were obtained in the framework of the state task of the IE KarRC RAS on the topic “Institutions and social inequality in the face of global challenges and regional restrictions”.

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