scholarly journals Combined dietary supplementation of long chain inulin and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 supports oral vaccination efficacy against Salmonella Typhimurium in piglets

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexia F. P. Lépine ◽  
Prokopis Konstanti ◽  
Klaudyna Borewicz ◽  
Jan-Willem Resink ◽  
Nicole J. de Wit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Transient Effects ◽  
Oral Vaccination ◽  
Functional Additives ◽  
Faecal Consistency ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Microbial Effects

AbstractRoutine use of antibiotics in livestock animals strongly contributed to the creation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains (STM). Vaccination is an alternative to the use of antibiotics but often suffers from low efficacy. The present study investigated whether long-chain inulin (lcITF) and Lactobacillus acidophilus W37 (LaW37) can support vaccination efficacy against STM and if the interventions influence possible gut microbiota changes. Piglets received daily supplementation until sacrifice. Animals were vaccinated on day 25 after birth, one day after weaning, and were challenged with STM on days 52–54. Dietary intervention with lcITF/LaW37 enhanced vaccination efficacy by 2-fold during challenge and resulted in higher relative abundance of Prevotellaceae and lower relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae in faeces. Although strongest microbial effects were observed post STM challenge on day 55, transient effects of the lcITF/LaW37 intervention were also detected on day 10 after birth, and post-weaning on day 30 where increased relative abundance of faecal lactobacilli was correlated with higher faecal consistency. LcITF treatment increased post-weaning feed efficiency and faecal consistency but did not support vaccination efficacy. Vaccination in immune-immature young animals can be enhanced with functional additives which can simultaneously promote health in an ingredient-dependent fashion.

scholarly journals Glucose Oligosaccharide and Long-Chain Glucomannan Feed Additives Induce Enhanced Activation of Intraepithelial NK Cells and Relative Abundance of Commensal Lactic Acid Bacteria in Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Nathalie Meijerink ◽  
Jean E. de Oliveira ◽  
Daphne A. van Haarlem ◽  
Guilherme Hosotani ◽  
David M. Lamot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Long Chain

Restrictions on the use of antibiotics in the poultry industry stimulate the development of alternative nutritional solutions to maintain or improve poultry health. This requires more insight in the modulatory effects of feed additives on the immune system and microbiota composition. Compounds known to influence the innate immune system and microbiota composition were selected and screened in vitro, in ovo, and in vivo. Among all compounds, 57 enhanced NK cell activation, 56 increased phagocytosis, and 22 increased NO production of the macrophage cell line HD11 in vitro. Based on these results, availability and regulatory status, six compounds were selected for further analysis. None of these compounds showed negative effects on growth, hatchability, and feed conversion in in ovo and in vivo studies. Based on the most interesting numerical results and highest future potential feasibility, two compounds were analyzed further. Administration of glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan in vivo both enhanced activation of intraepithelial NK cells and led to increased relative abundance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) amongst ileum and ceca microbiota after seven days of supplementation. Positive correlations between NK cell subsets and activation, and relative abundance of LAB suggest the involvement of microbiota in the modulation of the function of intraepithelial NK cells. This study identifies glucose oligosaccharide and long-chain glucomannan supplementation as effective nutritional strategies to modulate the intestinal microbiota composition and strengthen the intraepithelial innate immune system.

scholarly journals Synthesis, In Silico, and In Vitro Evaluation of Long Chain Alkyl Amides from 2-Amino-4-Quinolone Derivatives as Biofilm Inhibitors

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Espinosa-Valdés ◽  
Sara Borbolla-Alvarez ◽  
Ana Delgado-Espinosa ◽  
Juan Sánchez-Tejeda ◽  
Anabelle Cerón-Nava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quorum Sensing ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
Amide Derivatives ◽  
Long Chain

Infection from multidrug resistant bacteria has become a growing health concern worldwide, increasing the need for developing new antibacterial agents. Among the strategies that have been studied, biofilm inhibitors have acquired relevance as a potential source of drugs that could act as a complement for current and new antibacterial therapies. Based on the structure of 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4-quinolone and N-acylhomoserine lactone, molecules that act as mediators of quorum sensing and biofilm formation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, we designed, prepared, and evaluated the biofilm inhibition properties of long chain amide derivatives of 2-amino-4-quinolone in Staphylococcus aureus and P. aeruginosa. All compounds had higher biofilm inhibition activity in P. aeruginosa than in S. aureus. Particularly, compounds with an alkyl chain of 12 carbons exhibited the highest inhibition of biofilm formation. Docking scores and molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes of the tested compounds within the active sites of proteins related to quorum sensing had good correlation with the experimental results, suggesting the diminution of biofilm formation induced by these compounds could be related to the inhibition of these proteins.

scholarly journals Prevention of Rotavirus Diarrhea in Suckling Rats by a Specific Fermented Milk Concentrate with Prebiotic Mixture

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 189 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Rigo-Adrover ◽  
Karen Knipping ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
Kees van Limpt ◽  
Jan Knol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Fermented Milk ◽  
Gastrointestinal Infections ◽  
Protective Properties ◽  
Bifidobacterium Breve ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea ◽  
Long Chain

Several microbial modulatory concepts, such as certain probiotics and prebiotics, confer protection against gastrointestinal infections, among which is acute diarrhea caused by the rotavirus (RV). Other microbiota modulators, such as postbiotics, produced during fermentation, might also have the potential to counteract RV infection. In light of this, a fermented milk, made by using Bifidobacterium breve C50 (BbC50) and Streptococcus thermophilus 065 (St065) with a prebiotic mixture—short chain galactooligosaccharides/long chain fructooligosaccharides (scGOS/lcFOS 9:1)—with potential to impact the intestinal microbiota composition was tested. An RV infected rat model was used to evaluate the amelioration of the infectious process and the improvement of the immune response induced by the fermented milk with prebiotic mixture. The dietary intervention caused a reduction in the clinical symptoms of diarrhea, such as severity and incidence. Furthermore, a modulation of the immune response was observed, which might enhance the reduction of the associated diarrhea. In addition, the fermented milk with prebiotic mixture was able to bind the virus and reduce its clearance. In conclusion, the postbiotic components in the fermented milk in combination with the prebiotics used here showed protective properties against RV infection.

scholarly journals Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Early Prevention of Inflammatory Neurodegenerative Disease: A Focus on Alzheimer’s Disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thomas ◽  
C. J. Thomas ◽  
J. Radcliffe ◽  
C. Itsiopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disease ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Early Prevention ◽  
Markers Of Inflammation ◽  
Long Chain

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and the most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly. Furthermore, AD has provided the most positive indication to support the fact that inflammation contributes to neurodegenerative disease. The exact etiology of AD is unknown, but environmental and genetic factors are thought to contribute, such as advancing age, family history, presence of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD) and diabetes, and poor diet and lifestyle. It is hypothesised that early prevention or management of inflammation could delay the onset or reduce the symptoms of AD. Normal physiological changes to the brain with ageing include depletion of long chain omega-3 fatty acids and brains of AD patients have lower docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels. DHA supplementation can reduce markers of inflammation. This review specifically focusses on the evidence in humans from epidemiological, dietary intervention, and supplementation studies, which supports the role of long chain omega-3 fatty acids in the prevention or delay of cognitive decline in AD in its early stages. Longer term trials with long chain omega-3 supplementation in early stage AD are warranted. We also highlight the importance of overall quality and composition of the diet to protect against AD and dementia.

scholarly journals Nutritional regulation of long-chain PUFA biosynthetic genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. 1721-1729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa K. Gregory ◽  
Robert O. Collins ◽  
Douglas R. Tocher ◽  
Michael J. James ◽  
Giovanni M. Turchini
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fatty Acyl ◽  
Nutritional Regulation ◽  
Biosynthetic Genes ◽  
Hepatic Expression ◽  
Epa And Dha ◽  
Long Chain

AbstractMost studies on dietary vegetable oil in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) have been conducted on a background of dietary EPA (20 : 5n-3) and DHA (22 : 6n-3) contained in the fishmeal used as a protein source in aquaculture feed. If dietary EPA and DHA repress their endogenous synthesis from α-linolenic acid (ALA, 18 : 3n-3), then the potential of ALA-containing vegetable oils to maintain tissue EPA and DHA has been underestimated. We examined the effect of individual dietary n-3 PUFA on the expression of the biosynthetic genes required for metabolism of ALA to DHA in rainbow trout. A total of 720 juvenile rainbow trout were allocated to twenty-four experimental tanks and assigned one of eight diets. The effect of dietary ALA, EPA or DHA, in isolation or in combination, on hepatic expression of fatty acyl desaturase (FADS)2a(Δ6), FADS2b(Δ5), elongation of very long-chain fatty acid (ELOVL)5 and ELOVL2 was examined after 3 weeks of dietary intervention. The effect of these diets on liver and muscle phospholipid PUFA composition was also examined. The expression levels of FADS2a(Δ6), ELOVL5 and ELOVL2 were highest when diets were high in ALA, with no added EPA or DHA. Under these conditions ALA was readily converted to tissue DHA. Dietary DHA had the largest and most consistent effect in down-regulating the gene expression of all four genes. The ELOVL5 expression was the least responsive of the four genes to dietary n-3 PUFA changes. These findings should be considered when optimising aquaculture feeds containing vegetable oils and/or fish oil or fishmeal to achieve maximum DHA synthesis.

scholarly journals FADS1 rs174550 genotype and high linoleic acid diet modify plasma PUFA phospholipids in a dietary intervention study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Topi Meuronen ◽  
Maria A. Lankinen ◽  
Olli Kärkkäinen ◽  
Markku Laakso ◽  
Jussi Pihlajamäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Plasma Phospholipid ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
High Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fasting Plasma ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Introduction Fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene encodes for delta-5 desaturase enzyme which is needed in conversion of linoleic acid (LA) to arachidonic acid (AA). Recent studies have shown that response to dietary PUFAs differs between the genotypes in circulating fatty acids. However, interactions between the FADS1 genotype and dietary LA on overall metabolism have not been studied. Objectives We aimed to examine the interactions of FADS1 rs174550 genotypes (TT and CC) and high-LA diet to identify plasma metabolites that respond differentially to dietary LA according to the FADS1 genotype. Methods A total of 59 men (TT n = 26, CC n = 33) consumed a sunflower oil supplemented diet for 4 weeks. Daily dose of 30, 40, or 50 ml was calculated based on body mass index. It resulted in 17–28 g of LA on top of the usual daily intake. Fasting plasma samples at the beginning and at the end of the intervention were analyzed with LC–MS/MS non-targeted metabolomics method. Results At the baseline, the carriers of FADS1 rs174550-TT genotype had higher abundance of long-chain PUFA phospholipids compared to the FADS1 rs174550-CC one. In response to the high-LA diet, LA phospholipids and long-chain acylcarnitines increased and lysophospholipids decreased in fasting plasma similarly in both genotypes. LysoPE (20:4), LysoPC (20:4), and PC (16:0_20:4) decreased and cortisol increased in the carriers of rs174550-CC genotype; however, these genotype–diet interactions were not significant after correction for multiple testing. Conclusion Our findings show that both FADS1 rs174550 genotype and high-LA diet modify plasma phospholipid composition. Trial registration The study was registered to ClinicalTrials: NCT02543216, September 7, 2015 (retrospectively registered).

scholarly journals Caenorhabditis elegans Immune Conditioning with the Probiotic Bacterium Lactobacillus acidophilus Strain NCFM Enhances Gram-Positive Immune Responses

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 2500-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Younghoon Kim ◽  
Eleftherios Mylonakis
Keyword(s):  
Caenorhabditis Elegans ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Probiotic Bacterium ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Beneficial Effects

ABSTRACTAlthough the immune response ofCaenorhabditis elegansto microbial infections is well established, very little is known about the effects of health-promoting probiotic bacteria on evolutionarily conservedC. eleganshost responses. We found that the probiotic Gram-positive bacteriumLactobacillus acidophilusNCFM is not harmful toC. elegansand thatL. acidophilusNCFM is unable to colonize theC. elegansintestine. Conditioning withL. acidophilusNCFM significantly decreased the burden of a subsequentEnterococcus faecalisinfection in the nematode intestine and prolonged the survival of nematodes exposed to pathogenic strains ofE. faecalisandStaphylococcus aureus, including multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates. Preexposure of nematodes toBacillus subtilisdid not provide any beneficial effects. Importantly,L. acidophilusNCFM activates key immune signaling pathways involved inC. elegansdefenses against Gram-positive bacteria, including the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway (via TIR-1 and PMK-1) and the β-catenin signaling pathway (via BAR-1). Interestingly, conditioning withL. acidophilusNCFM had a minimal effect on Gram-negative infection withPseudomonas aeruginosaorSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium and had no or a negative effect on defense genes associated with Gram-negative pathogens or general stress. In conclusion, we describe a new system for the study of probiotic immune agents and our findings demonstrate that probiotic conditioning withL. acidophilusNCFM modulates specificC. elegansimmunity traits.

scholarly journals Dietary intervention with the probiotics Lactobacillus acidophilus 145 and Bifidobacterium longum 913 modulates the potential of human faecal water to induce damage in HT29clone19A cells

2004 ◽  
Vol 91 (6) ◽  
pp. 925-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela L Oberreuther-Moschner ◽  
Gerhard Jahreis ◽  
Gerhard Rechkemmer ◽  
Beatrice L Pool-Zobel
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Bifidobacterium Longum ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Dna Strand Breaks ◽  
Colon Cells ◽  
Strand Breaks ◽  
Dna Strand

Probiotics reduce the risk of colon cancer by inhibiting carcinogen-induced DNA damage in animals, but there are no analogous data in human subjects. To enhance knowledge of the effects of probiotics in human subjects, we have investigated the genotoxicity of faecal water after dietary intervention with standard yoghurt or with probiotic yoghurt, which included the strains Lactobacillus acidophilus 145 and Bifidobacterium longum 913. Faeces were collected from nine healthy volunteers after intervention with probiotic yoghurt or standard yoghurt. Faecal water was isolated and incubated with human colon tumour cells HT29clone19A. DNA strand breaks, oxidised DNA bases and damage after challenge with H2O2 were determined by micro-gel-electrophoresis. Faecal water was genotoxic in comparison with NaCl, but protected against H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks. The intervention with probiotic yoghurt significantly lowered faecal water genotoxicity compared with standard yoghurt. However, probiotic intervention also increased oxidative damage; this either reflected prooxidative activity or stimulation of endogenous defence systems. Altogether, the balance of effects favoured protection, since faecal water from the probiotic group reduced overall genetic damage. Thus, there was a reduction of strand break-inducing compounds in human faeces after dietary intervention with probiotic bacteria. This protection reflected results from previous studies in carcinogen-exposed animals where probiotics reduced DNA damage in colon cells.

scholarly journals 919. Understanding Intermittent Detection of Multidrug-Resistant Organisms (MDROs) in Rectally Colonized Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S494-S494
Author(s):  
Sarah Sansom ◽  
Michael Y Lin ◽  
Michael Schoeny ◽  
Christine Fukuda ◽  
Christine Bassis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Multilevel Regression ◽  
Microbial Community Dynamics ◽  
Culture Positivity ◽  
Phenotypic Methods

Abstract Background MDRO detection in colonized patients may be intermittent for reasons that are incompletely understood. We examined temporal patterns of gut MDRO colonization after initial MDRO detection by rectal swab screening, and determined the relationship of culture positivity to the relative abundance of corresponding MDRO operational taxonomic units (OTUs) identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Methods Rectal or fecal swabs were collected daily from MICU patients 1/11/2017-1/11/2018. First MICU admissions with ≥2 swabs and MICU stays ≥3 days were studied. Samples were cultured for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) and P. aeruginosa (CRPA), and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing (ESBL) Enterobacteriaceae by selective media. Resistance mechanisms were confirmed by phenotypic methods and/or PCR. Limit of detection was similar for different MDROs (24-52 CFU/sample). OTU categories corresponding to MDRO species were identified by taxonomy and BLAST. Multilevel regression models estimated the association between MDRO detection and relative abundance of the corresponding OTU. Results 796 unique patients with 3519 swabs were studied. Median (IQR) age was 64 (51-74) years, MICU length of stay was 5 (3-8) days, and number of samples-per-patient was 3 (2-5). Following initial MDRO detection, the probability of subsequent detection varied by MDRO type, and was highest for VRE and lowest for CRPA [Figure 1]. Within each sample, we found a significant association between MDRO detection and relative abundance of the corresponding OTU [Table 1]. In contrast, relative OTU abundance in the first sample with MDRO detection was not predictive of odds of future MDRO detection (p >0.05 for all comparisons). Carriage of >1 MDRO did not affect the odds of MDRO detection in later samples. Figure 1. Probability of Subsequent MDRO Detection after First Positive Varies by MDRO Type Table 1. Higher Mean Corresponding OTU Relative Abundance Within Each Sample is Associated with MDRO Detection Conclusion MDRO culture positivity in rectally colonized patients was correlated with relative abundance of the corresponding OTU in the same sample. Serial detection of different MDRO types was variable, possibly due to distinct microbial community dynamics of different MDRO types. Intermittent failure to detect MDROs could result in misattribution of MDRO acquisition, resulting in inappropriate investigation or intervention. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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