Use of transcriptomic profiling to identify candidate genes involved in Polyporus umbellatus sclerotial formation affected by oxalic acid

AbstractPolyporus umbellatus is a precious medicinal fungus. Oxalic acid was observed to affect sclerotial formation and sclerotia possessed more medicinal compounds than mycelia. In this study, the transcriptome of P. umbellatus was analysed after the fungus was exposed to various concentrations of oxalic acid. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding a series of oxidases were upregulated, and reductases were downregulated, in the low-oxalic-acid (Low OA) group compared to the control (No OA) group, while the opposite phenomenon was observed in the high-oxalic-acid (High OA) group. The detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in P. umbellatus mycelia was performed visually, and Ca2+ and H2O2 fluxes were measured using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT). The sclerotial biomass in the Low OA group increased by 66%, however, no sclerotia formed in the High OA group. The ROS fluorescence intensity increased significantly in the Low OA group but decreased considerably in the High OA group. Ca2+ and H2O2 influx significantly increased in the Low OA group, while H2O2 exhibited efflux in the High OA group. A higher level of oxidative stress formed in the Low OA group. Different concentrations of oxalic acid were determined to affect P. umbellatus sclerotial formation in different ways.

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Transcriptomic Profiling Identifies Candidate Genes Involved in Polyporus Umbellatus Sclerotial Formation Affected by Oxalic Acid

10.21203/rs.3.rs-115257/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yong-Mei Xing ◽

Bing Li ◽

Xu Zeng ◽

Li-Si Zhou ◽

Tae-Soo Lee ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxalic Acid ◽

De Novo ◽

Control Group ◽

High Concentration ◽

Low Concentration ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Medicinal Fungus ◽

Polyporus Umbellatus ◽

Stress Energy ◽

Sclerotial Formation

Abstract Polyporus umbellatus is a precious medicinal fungus. The whole transcriptome of P. umbellatus exposed to different concentrations of oxalic acid was performed and analyzed using RNA-seq based on sequencing technology. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection of P. umbellatus mycelia was visually conducted and using non-invasive micro-test technology (NMT), the net Ca2+ and H2O2 fluxes of P. umbellatus were measured. Totally, 22,523 unigenes were generated by De novo assembly of reads and there are 1223 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the control group and the high oxalic acid complemented (PD_S) group and 459 DEGs between the control group and the low concentration oxalic acid additive (PU_SM) group. The transcriptomic analysis indicated DEGs encoding enzymes related to oxidative stress, energy metabolism and so on. Compared to that of the control group, the biomass of the sclerotia in the PU_SM group increased 66%, however, no sclerotia formed in the PD_S group. The low concentration of oxalic acid could increase Ca2+ and H2O2 influx, while the high concentration of oxalic acid presented slight H2O2 efflux. There is a great significant positive correlation between the net Ca2+ and H2O2 fluxes. Different concentrations of exogenous oxalic acid affected P. umbellatus sclerotial formation in different ways.

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Nanoparticle Systems for Cancer Phototherapy: An Overview

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11113132 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 3132

Author(s):

Thais P. Pivetta ◽

Caroline E. A. Botteon ◽

Paulo A. Ribeiro ◽

Priscyla D. Marcato ◽

Maria Raposo

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Cancer Treatment ◽

Photothermal Therapy ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Non Invasive ◽

The Past

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) are photo-mediated treatments with different mechanisms of action that can be addressed for cancer treatment. Both phototherapies are highly successful and barely or non-invasive types of treatment that have gained attention in the past few years. The death of cancer cells because of the application of these therapies is caused by the formation of reactive oxygen species, that leads to oxidative stress for the case of photodynamic therapy and the generation of heat for the case of photothermal therapies. The advancement of nanotechnology allowed significant benefit to these therapies using nanoparticles, allowing both tuning of the process and an increase of effectiveness. The encapsulation of drugs, development of the most different organic and inorganic nanoparticles as well as the possibility of surfaces’ functionalization are some strategies used to combine phototherapy and nanotechnology, with the aim of an effective treatment with minimal side effects. This article presents an overview on the use of nanostructures in association with phototherapy, in the view of cancer treatment.

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Clinical aspects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species

Biochemical Society Symposium ◽

10.1042/bss0710121 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 71 ◽

pp. 121-133 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Ascan Warnholtz ◽

Maria Wendt ◽

Michael August ◽

Thomas Münzel

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Vascular Tissue ◽

Rapid Development ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Clinical Aspects ◽

No Production ◽

Oxygen Species

Endothelial dysfunction in the setting of cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and chronic smoking, as well as in the setting of heart failure, has been shown to be at least partly dependent on the production of reactive oxygen species in endothelial and/or smooth muscle cells and the adventitia, and the subsequent decrease in vascular bioavailability of NO. Superoxide-producing enzymes involved in increased oxidative stress within vascular tissue include NAD(P)H-oxidase, xanthine oxidase and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in an uncoupled state. Recent studies indicate that endothelial dysfunction of peripheral and coronary resistance and conductance vessels represents a strong and independent risk factor for future cardiovascular events. Ways to reduce endothelial dysfunction include risk-factor modification and treatment with substances that have been shown to reduce oxidative stress and, simultaneously, to stimulate endothelial NO production, such as inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme or the statins. In contrast, in conditions where increased production of reactive oxygen species, such as superoxide, in vascular tissue is established, treatment with NO, e.g. via administration of nitroglycerin, results in a rapid development of endothelial dysfunction, which may worsen the prognosis in patients with established coronary artery disease.

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Danshensu Rescues Ischemia/Reperfusion Caused Human Hepatocyte Death

Current Topics in Nutraceutical Research ◽

10.37290/ctnr2641-452x.17:117-121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 117-121

Author(s):

Sun Maw-Sheng ◽

Liang Chun-Ya ◽

Hsieh Po-Chun ◽

Kuo Chan-Yen

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Caspase 3 ◽

Ischemia Reperfusion ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Good Strategy ◽

Ros Accumulation ◽

Dichlorofluorescin Diacetate ◽

Hepatocyte Damage ◽

Hepatocyte Death

Apoptosis of hepatocyte, under ischemia/reperfusion (IR) conditions, has been identified as an essential process in the progression of liver transplantation. Under these conditions, mitochondria can become a threat to the cell because of their capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ROS overproduction may induce inflammation. As ROS accumulation appears to cause hepatocyte damage or death, there has been considerable interest in identifying the candidate natural products involved and in developing strategies to reduce oxidative stress. In this study, we use Danshensu as a candidate product to speculate whether has the protective effect on apoptotic hepatocyte upon IR. To speculate the apoptotic phenomena was reversed by Danshensu, we detected the p53, cleaved-caspase 3 expression by western blotting, as well as caspase-3 activity. Additionally, we analyzed the ROS levels by 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCF-DA) staining. We also detected the cell viability by WST-1. Results showed that Danshensu alleviated hypoxia-caused cell apoptosis via ROS overproduction. We suggested that Danshensu is a good strategy for treating hepatocyte damage upon IR.

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4-Hydroxychalcone Induces Cell Death via Oxidative Stress in MYCN-Amplified Human Neuroblastoma Cells

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2019/1670759 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-16 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Amnah M. Alshangiti ◽

Eszter Tuboly ◽

Shane V. Hegarty ◽

Cathal M. McCarthy ◽

Aideen M. Sullivan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Cell Death ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Prognostic Indicator ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Human Neuroblastoma Cells ◽

Human Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is an embryonal malignancy that arises from cells of sympathoadrenal lineage during the development of the nervous system. It is the most common pediatric extracranial solid tumor and is responsible for 15% of childhood deaths from cancer. Fifty percent of cases are diagnosed as high-risk metastatic disease with a low overall 5-year survival rate. More than half of patients experience disease recurrence that can be refractory to treatment. Amplification of the MYCN gene is an important prognostic indicator that is associated with rapid disease progression and a poor prognosis, highlighting the need for new therapeutic approaches. In recent years, there has been an increasing focus on identifying anticancer properties of naturally occurring chalcones, which are secondary metabolites with variable phenolic structures. Here, we report that 4-hydroxychalcone is a potent cytotoxin for MYCN-amplified IMR-32 and SK-N-BE (2) neuroblastoma cells, when compared to non-MYCN-amplified SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and to the non-neuroblastoma human embryonic kidney cell line, HEK293t. Moreover, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment significantly decreased cellular levels of the antioxidant glutathione and increased cellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, 4-hydroxychalcone treatment led to impairments in mitochondrial respiratory function, compared to controls. In support of this, the cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone was prevented by co-treatment with either the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, a pharmacological inhibitor of oxidative stress-induced cell death (IM-54) or the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species scavenger, Mito-TEMPO. When combined with the anticancer drugs cisplatin or doxorubicin, 4-hydroxychalcone led to greater reductions in cell viability than was induced by either anti-cancer agent alone. In summary, this study identifies a cytotoxic effect of 4-hydroxychalcone in MYCN-amplified human neuroblastoma cells, which rationalizes its further study in the development of new therapies for pediatric neuroblastoma.

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Protective Effects of Gintonin on Reactive Oxygen Species-Induced HT22 Cell Damages: Involvement of LPA1 Receptor-BDNF-AKT Signaling Pathway

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26144138 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (14) ◽

pp. 4138

Author(s):

Yeon-Jin Cho ◽

Sun-Hye Choi ◽

Ra-Mi Lee ◽

Han-Sung Cho ◽

Hyewhon Rhim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Akt Signaling ◽

Atp Depletion ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Akt Signaling Pathway ◽

Neuroprotective Effects ◽

Lpa1 Receptor

Gintonin is a kind of ginseng-derived glycolipoprotein that acts as an exogenous LPA receptor ligand. Gintonin has in vitro and in vivo neuroprotective effects; however, little is known about the cellular mechanisms underlying the neuroprotection. In the present study, we aimed to clarify how gintonin attenuates iodoacetic acid (IAA)-induced oxidative stress. The mouse hippocampal cell line HT22 was used. Gintonin treatment significantly attenuated IAA-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction, ATP depletion, and cell death. However, treatment with Ki16425, an LPA1/3 receptor antagonist, suppressed the neuroprotective effects of gintonin. Gintonin elicited [Ca2⁺]i transients in HT22 cells. Gintonin-mediated [Ca2⁺]i transients through the LPA1 receptor-PLC-IP3 signaling pathway were coupled to increase both the expression and release of BDNF. The released BDNF activated the TrkB receptor. Induction of TrkB phosphorylation was further linked to Akt activation. Phosphorylated Akt reduced IAA-induced oxidative stress and increased cell survival. Our results indicate that gintonin attenuated IAA-induced oxidative stress in neuronal cells by activating the LPA1 receptor-BDNF-TrkB-Akt signaling pathway. One of the gintonin-mediated neuroprotective effects may be achieved via anti-oxidative stress in nervous systems.

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How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

Chemical Papers ◽

10.1007/s11696-021-01799-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Literature Review ◽

Antioxidant Activities ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

The Body ◽

Universal Method ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

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Intracellular Sources of ROS/H2O2 in Health and Neurodegeneration: Spotlight on Endoplasmic Reticulum

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10020233 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

Tasuku Konno ◽

Eduardo Pinho Melo ◽

Joseph E. Chambers ◽

Edward Avezov

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Antioxidative Enzymes ◽

Redox Reactions ◽

Ros Production ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Specific Target

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced continuously throughout the cell as products of various redox reactions. Yet these products function as important signal messengers, acting through oxidation of specific target factors. Whilst excess ROS production has the potential to induce oxidative stress, physiological roles of ROS are supported by a spatiotemporal equilibrium between ROS producers and scavengers such as antioxidative enzymes. In the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a non-radical ROS, is produced through the process of oxidative folding. Utilisation and dysregulation of H2O2, in particular that generated in the ER, affects not only cellular homeostasis but also the longevity of organisms. ROS dysregulation has been implicated in various pathologies including dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases, sanctioning a field of research that strives to better understand cell-intrinsic ROS production. Here we review the organelle-specific ROS-generating and consuming pathways, providing evidence that the ER is a major contributing source of potentially pathologic ROS.

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Biological autoluminescence for assessing oxidative processes in yeast cell cultures

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89753-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Petra Vahalová ◽

Kateřina Červinková ◽

Michal Cifra

Keyword(s):

Reactive Oxygen Species ◽

Light Emission ◽

Reactive Oxygen ◽

Modern Medicine ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Pathological State ◽

Oxygen Species ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Oxidative Processes ◽

Physical And Chemical

AbstractNowadays, modern medicine is looking for new, more gentle, and more efficient diagnostic methods. A pathological state of an organism is often closely connected with increased amount of reactive oxygen species. They can react with biomolecules and subsequent reactions can lead to very low endogenous light emission (biological autoluminescence—BAL). This phenomenon can be potentially used as a non-invasive and low-operational-cost tool for monitoring oxidative stress during diseases. To contribute to the understanding of the parameters affecting BAL, we analyzed the BAL from yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae as a representative eukaryotic organism. The relationship between the BAL intensity and the amount of reactive oxygen species that originates as a result of the Fenton reaction as well as correlation between spontaneous BAL and selected physical and chemical parameters (pH, oxygen partial pressure, and cell concentration) during cell growth were established. Our results contribute to real-time non-invasive methodologies for monitoring oxidative processes in biomedicine and biotechnology.

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