48 Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Phytophenols Against Bacterial Pathogens That Cause Liver Abscesses in Feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 151-151
Author(s):  
Cierra Roubicek ◽  
Raghavendra G Amachawadi ◽  
T G Nagaraja ◽  
Yonghui Li ◽  
Jinrong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Liver Abscesses

Abstract Liver abscesses occur in finishing cattle fed high-grain, low-roughage diets. Cattle with abscessed livers do not show any clinical signs and are detected only at slaughter. Liver abscesses, which account for 67% of all liver abnormalities in cattle slaughtered in the United States, are of major economic concern to the beef industry. Fusobacterium necrophorum, Trueperella pyogenes, and Salmonella enterica, particularly the serotype Lubbock, are the main etiologic agents. Currently, the control of liver abscesses is based on in-feed use of antibiotics. The emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance to antibiotics use in animals is a public health concern. Plant-based phenolic compounds, called phytophenols, are known to have antimicrobial properties. Our objectives were to evaluate antimicrobial activities of phytophenols on the liver abscess bacterial pathogens. Phytophenols extracted from rosemary, green tea, grapeseed, organic goji berry, and green coffee were selected for testing. The phytophenols were extracted using 75% aqueous acetone and total phenolic content was determined by a spectrophotometric analysis. Bacteria were cultured in Mueller-Hinton broth (S. Lubbock and T. pyogenes) or anaerobic brain-heart infusion broth (F. necrophorum with and without phytophenols, at 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours and bacterial concentrations were determined. If phytophenol was inhibitory, a micro-broth dilution method was used to quantify the inhibition. Phytophenols from green tea, grape seed, and rosemary inhibited T. pyogenes. Further studies are ongoing to investigate different concentrations of phenolic compounds on the pathogens. Phytophenols that inhibit the pathogens may have the potential to be used as feed additives to prevent liver abscesses.

38 Evaluation of Sorghum Phenolic Compounds for Their Antimicrobial Activities Against Liver Abscess Causing Pathogens in Feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 32-32
Author(s):  
Harith M Salih ◽  
Raghavendra G Amachawadi ◽  
Cierra Roubicek ◽  
Sarah Sexton-Bowser ◽  
Jinrong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Liver Abscess ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Trueperella Pyogenes ◽  
Liver Abscesses

Abstract Liver abscesses occur in finishing cattle fed high-grain, low-roughage diets. Cattle with abscessed livers seldom show any clinical signs and are detected only at the time of slaughter. Liver abscesses are of significant economic concern to the feedlot industry. Liver abscesses comprise, on average, 67% of all liver abnormalities in cattle slaughtered in the United States with a prevalence of 10–20% and may reduce the value of the beef carcass up to $38 per animal with the most severe abscesses. There are four causative agents of the disease including the two subspecies of Fusobacterium necrophorum, ssp. necrophorum and ssp. funduliforme, Trueperella pyogenes, and Salmonella enterica. Tylosin, supplemented in the feed, is the most commonly used antibiotic in the feedlot industry to prevent liver abscesses. Because of the concerns about antimicrobial resistance, there is a need to find an effective alternative to this antibiotic, and sorghum grain extracts, which are high in phenolic compounds, may have the potential to be used as natural antibiotic alternatives. Our objectives were to investigate the efficacy of phenolic extracts from black, sumac, brown, and burgundy sorghums on liver abscess pathogens. The sorghum phenolics were extracted using 75% aqueous acetone and total phenolic content was determined by spectrophotometrically. Bacterial strains were cultured in Mueller-Hinton broth (Salmonella and Trueperella pyogenes) or anaerobic brain-heart infusion broth (Fusobacterium) with and without sorghum extracts (1 mg/ml) at 12, 24, and 48 hours and bacterial concentrations were determined. If the compound was inhibitory, a micro-broth dilution method was used to quantify the inhibitory activity. Both black and sumac sorghum phenolics inhibited growth of all four bacterial species. Further studies are ongoing to investigate different concentrations and phenolic compounds from varieties of sorghum grains on the liver abscess pathogens.

scholarly journals Pitanga and grumixama extracts: antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and incorporation into cellulosic films against Staphylococcus aureus

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e1759119362
Author(s):  
Franciele Mendes de Carvalho ◽  
Jessica Tatiana Aparecida Martins ◽  
Emília Maria França Lima ◽  
Hellen Vidal Santos ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Pimenta Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Public Health Concern ◽  
Preservation Method ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

There is great interest in developing alternatives to improve food safety, since food-borne diseases (FBD) are a major public health concern worldwide. Plant extracts have the potential to inhibit microbial growth due to the action of secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds. This study evaluated the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of phenolic compounds extracted from grumixama (Eugenia brasiliensis) and pitanga (Eugenia uniflora) fruits and the antimicrobial potential of extract of grumixama upon incorporation into cellulosic films. Both fruits were rich in total phenolic compounds and their extracts showed antioxidant activity. The crude and phenolic extracts of grumixama showed higher activity than those isolated from pitanga. All extracts inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. After incorporation into cellulosic films, the crude extract of grumixama remained active, reducing the S. aureus population in 4 log cycles. The cellulosic films incorporated with grumixama extract were stable after seven days of storage under refrigeration at 7º C; but they partially lost antimicrobial activity when exposed to UV radiation. These phenolic compound-containing cellulosic films could be used as a complementary preservation method of foods that are prone to contamination with S. aureus.

scholarly journals Modeling of Total Phenolic contents in Various Tea samples by Experimental Design Methods

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 738-744
Author(s):  
Nuraniye Eruygur ◽  
Nazire Gulsah Kutuk Dincel ◽  
Nursah Kutuk
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phenolic Substance ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Liquid Ratio ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Solid Liquid

AbstractTea, from the old ages to the day, is widely consumed both for enjoyment and health care due to its positive effects. The consumption of these products is increasing day by day as a result of the clear presentation of the fact that tea contains high amount of antioxidant substances (such as phenolic compounds), which is important in prevention and treatment of diseases. Tea beverage is a very important source of polyphenols. In this study, phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of different tea species were calculated by modeling with experimental design method. In the experimental part, polyphenol content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The total amount of phenolic substance content was examined by Box-Behnken design and response surface method on black tea, green tea and white tea on different extraction temperature, extraction time and solid / liquid ratio. Solid / liquid ratio was found to be the most important parameter in terms of polyphenol content extraction from different tea samples. The highest polyphenol amount (411.762 mg gallic acid / mL) was found in green tea. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first data presenting comparatively study the effect of extraction condition on amounts of phenolic compounds from different tea samples.

scholarly journals Extraction, Purification and In Vitro Antioxidant Activity Evaluation of Phenolic Compounds in California Olive Pomace

Foods ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 174
Author(s):  
Hefei Zhao ◽  
Roberto J. Avena-Bustillos ◽  
Selina C. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Olive Pomace ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Crude Extracts

Olive pomace (OP) is a valuable food byproduct that contains natural phenolic compounds with health benefits related to their antioxidant activities. Few investigations have been conducted on OP from the United States while many studies on European OP have been reported. OP of Arbequina, the most common cultivar from California, was collected and extracted by water, 70% methanol and 70% ethanol, followed by purification using macroporous absorbing resin. Results showed that the extractable total phenolic content (TPC) was 36–43 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g in pitted, drum-dried defatted olive pomace (DOP), with major contributions from hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein, rutin, verbascoside, 4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid, hydroxytyrosol-glucoside and tyrosol-glucoside. Macroporous resin purification increased TPC by 4.6 times the ethanol crude extracts of DOP, while removing 37.33% total sugar. The antioxidant activities increased 3.7 times Trolox equivalents (TrE) by DPPH and 4.7 times TrE by ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in the resin purified extracts compared to the ethanol crude extracts. This study provided a new understanding of the extraction of the bioactive compounds from OP which could lead to practical applications as natural antioxidants, preservatives and antimicrobials in clean-label foods in the US.

scholarly journals The Effect of Drying Temperature on the Phenolic Content and Functional Behavior of Flours Obtained from Lemon Wastes

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Patrón-Vázquez ◽  
Lizzie Baas-Dzul ◽  
Nelly Medina-Torres ◽  
Teresa Ayora-Talavera ◽  
Ángeles Sánchez-Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Esi Ms ◽  
Functional Behavior ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Lemon processing generates thousands of tons of residues that can be preserved as flours by thermal treatment to obtain phenolic compounds with beneficial bioactivities. In this study, the effect of different drying temperatures (40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 and 110 °C) on the Total Phenolic Content (TPC), antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of phenolic compounds present in Citrus. lemon (L.) Burn f waste was determined. Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds were also performed by UPLC-PDA and UPLC-ESI-MS analysis. Eriocitrin (19.79–27.29 mg g−1 DW) and hesperidin (7.63–9.10 mg g−1 DW) were detected as the major phenolic compounds in the flours by UPLC-PDA and confirmed by UPLC-ESI-MS. Antimicrobial activity determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) against Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus was observed. Accordingly, a stable functional flour as a source of bioactive phenolic compounds obtained from lemon residues at 50 °C may be produced as a value-added product useful in various industrial sectors.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties for Ginkgo biloba and Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) from Egypt

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI ◽  
Mona H. BADAWI
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Carnosic Acid ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Agar Disc

The widespread use of medicinal plants for health purposes has increased dramatically due to their great importance to the public health. In this study levels of phenolic, flavonoid contents of Ginkgo biloba and Rosmarinus officinalis from Egypt were determined. HPLC was used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds in selected plants. The plant extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activities using various antioxidant methodologies, (i) scavenging of free radicals using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, (ii) metal ion chelating capacity, and (iii) scavenging of superoxide anion radical. The antimicrobial activity of both plant’s extracts were evaluated against a panel of microorganisms by using agar disc diffusion method. The total phenolic content (75.30 and 98.31 mg/g dry weight in G. biloba and R. officinalis, respectively) was significantly (p<0.05) different. Among the identified phenolic compounds, quercetin, kaempferol and caffeic acid were the predominant phenolic compounds in Ginkgo biloba, whereas carnosic acid, rosmarinic acid, narinigen and hispidulin were the predominant phenolic compound in Rosmarinus officinalis leaves. The antioxidant activity increased with the concentration increase. The R. officinalis was more active than G. biloba extract against Gram-negative bacteria. This study reveals that the consumption of these plants would exert several beneficial effects by virtue of their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Enrichment of Phenolic Compounds from Olive Mill Wastewater and In Vitro Evaluation of Their Antimicrobial Activities

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saleh Abu-Lafi ◽  
Mahmoud Sami Al-Natsheh ◽  
Reem Yaghmoor ◽  
Fuad Al-Rimawi
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Olive Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Olive Mill Wastewater ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Olive Mill

The production of olive oil generates massive quantities of by-product called olive mill wastewater (OMWW). The uncontrolled disposal of OMWW poses serious environmental problems. The OMWW effluent is rich in several polyphenolic compounds. Liquid-liquid extraction of OMWW using ethyl acetate solvent was used to enrich phenolic compounds under investigation. Total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of the extract were determined. HPLC coupled to photodiode array (PDA) detector was used to analyze the main three phenolic compounds of OMWW, namely, hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, and oleuropein. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was also investigated. Additionally, the OMWW extract was used as natural preservative and antioxidants for olive oil. Results showed that OMWW is very rich in phenolic compounds and has strong antioxidant activity. HPLC analysis showed that the extract contains mainly hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol but no oleuropein. The OMWW extract showed also positive activities as antibacterial (gram positive and gram negative) and antifungal as well as activities against yeast. The addition of OMWW extract to olive oil samples has an effect on the stability of olive oil as reflected by its acid value, peroxide value, K232 and K270, and total phenolic content.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Direct Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolic Compounds from Potato Peels

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1665
Author(s):  
Shusheng Wang ◽  
Amy Hui-Mei Lin ◽  
Qingyou Han ◽  
Qin Xu
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
The United States ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Systematic Research ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Potato Peels ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
The Impact

Potato peels (PPs) are generally considered as agriculture waste. The United States alone generates over one million tons of PPs a year. However, PPs contain valuable phenolic compounds with antioxidant activities. In this study, we evaluated the efficiency of ultrasound-assisted extraction techniques in recovering antioxidants from PPs. These techniques included a direct ultrasound-assisted extraction (DUAE), an indirect ultrasound-assisted extraction (IUAE), and a conventional shaking extraction (CSE). Results of this study showed that DUAE was more effective in extracting phenolic compounds than IUAE and CSE. We also evaluated the factors affecting the yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) in DUAE, including the temperature, time, acoustic power, ratio of solvent to solids, and size of PPs particles. TPC yield of DUAE was higher, and the extraction rate was faster than IUAE and CSE. Furthermore, TPC yield was strongly correlated to the temperature of the mixture of PPs suspension. SEM images revealed that the irradiation of ultrasound energy from DUAE caused micro-fractures and the opening of PPs cells. The extract obtained from DUAE was found to have antioxidant activity comparable to commercial synthetic antioxidants. Results of this preliminary study suggest that DUAE has the potential to transform PPs from agricultural waste to a valuable ingredient. A future systematic research study is proposed to advance the knowledge of the impact of processing parameters in the kinetics of phenolic compounds extraction from potato peels using various extraction methods.

scholarly journals Comparative Insight upon Chitosan Solution and Chitosan Nanoparticles Application on the Phenolic Content, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Individual Grape Components of Sousão Variety

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Vanessa Silva ◽  
Rupesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Nelson Gomes ◽  
Bruno Gonçalves Soares ◽  
Adriana Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Solution ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has been previously proposed as an elicitor in plants to prevent pathogen infections. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of chitosan solution and chitosan nanoparticles treatment applied on the grapevine variety Sousão with respect to the phenolic composition, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of its individual grape components. Grapevine plants of selected lines were sprayed with chitosan solution and chitosan nanoparticles, and ethanolic extracts of stems, seeds and skins were prepared from grapevines treated and not treated with chitosan. Total phenolic, anthocyanin and tannin contents were studied, and the identification of the individual phenolic compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD. The antimicrobial susceptibility method was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Overall, there was small increase in the concentration of phenolic compounds, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities in grape components treated with chitosan solution. Seed extracts showed the highest antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The studied individual components obtained from chitosan-treated grapevines could represent an added value due to the increased antioxidant and antibacterial potentials. The phenolic compounds found in components may be used in food and pharmaceutical industries as natural food preservers and antibiotic adjuvants.

Quantification and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Northern Indian Propolis Extracts and Dietary Supplements

2020 ◽  
Vol 103 (5) ◽  
pp. 1378-1393
Author(s):  
Bharathi Avula ◽  
Satyanarayanaraju Sagi ◽  
Mubashir H Masoodi ◽  
Ji-Yeong Bae ◽  
Adil F Wali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
The United States ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chemical Fingerprinting ◽  
Simple Economic

Abstract Background Propolis is a resinous substance produced by bees. Propolis extracts have been used for anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities. The use of propolis dietary supplements has been increasing in the United States and the rest of the world. Objective A simple, economic, and valid analytical method is needed for quality assessment of dietary supplements and extracts claiming to contain propolis. Methods A ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) quadropole time-of-flight-MS method was used to characterize the chemical composition of northern Indian propolis. Fourteen major phenolic compounds were quantified using a UHPLC-DAD method. An HPTLC method was used to develop chemical fingerprinting profiles for propolis extracts and dietary supplements. The seven propolis extracts and 14 dietary supplements purchased in the U.S. were analyzed using the UHPLC-DAD-QToF method. Results Fifty-seven compounds belonging to phenolic, coumarin, fatty acid, and terpene classes were identified in propolis extracts. Based on quantification results, the content of 14 phenolic compounds in propolis extracts varied from 19–32% in dietary supplements, a significant variation to the recommended daily intake (0.2–94 mg/day). Conclusions/Highlights The developed analytical methods can be used for quality assessment of propolis extracts and dietary supplements.

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