Fluoxetine-induced changes in body weight and 5-HT1A receptor-mediated hormone secretion in rats on a tryptophan-deficient diet

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. R390-R397 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. N. D'Souza ◽  
Y. Zhang ◽  
F. Garcia ◽  
G. Battaglia ◽  
L. D. Van de Kar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Tryptophan Depletion ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
Plasma Hormones ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
The Impact

Tryptophan depleting protocols are commonly used to study the role of serotonin in mood disorders. The present study examined the impact of a tryptophan-deficient diet and fluoxetine on the serotonergic regulation of neuroendocrine function and body weight. We hypothesized that the regulation of postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors is dependent on the levels of 5-HT in the synapse. Rats on a control or a tryptophan-deficient diet received daily injections of saline or fluoxetine (5 or 10 mg·kg-1·day-1 ip) from day 7 to day 21. The tryptophan-deficient diet produced a 41% reduction in the level of 5-HT but no change in the density of [3H]paroxetine-labeled 5-HT transporters. Treatment with fluoxetine inhibited the gain in weight in rats maintained on the control diet. The tryptophan-deficient diet produced a significant loss in body weight that was not significantly altered by treatment with fluoxetine. Treatment with fluoxetine produced a dose-dependent desensitization of hormone responses to injection of the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (±)8-hydroxy-2-(di- n-propylamino)tetralin ((±)8-OH-DPAT). The tryptophan-deficient diet produced an increase in the basal levels of corticosterone but did not alter the basal levels of ACTH or oxytocin. Also, this diet inhibited the magnitude of 8-OH-DPAT-induced increase in plasma levels of ACTH and oxytocin but did not impair the ability of fluoxetine to desensitize the 5-HT1A receptor-mediated increase in plasma hormones. These data suggest that a reserve of 5-HT enables fluoxetine to desensitize postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors in the hypothalamus. In conclusion, the profound physiological changes induced by tryptophan depletion may complicate the interpretation of studies using this experimental approach.

scholarly journals Impact of Low Protein and Lysine-deficient Diets on Bone Metabolism (P08-072-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Anne Blais ◽  
Catherine Chaumontet ◽  
Patrick Even ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Collagen Synthesis ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Low Protein Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Growing Rats ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Low protein diet and essential amino acid deficient-diet have an impact on body weight and growth and different studies also showed an impact of lysine intake on bone metabolism. Lysine has been shown to promote the absorption of intestinal calcium and to participate in the collagen synthesis through its involvement in the reticulation process of the tropocollagen beams. The assembly of tropocollagen bundle into mature collagen fibers is essential for bone formation and remodeling (civitelli et al, 1992; Fini et al, 2001). The objective of this study was to characterize the impact of low protein diet and lysine-deficient diet on bone metabolism of growing rats. Methods Study 1: 6 group of growing rats were fed for 3 weeks different diet with different content of milk protein at levels of 3%, 5%, 8%, 12%, 15% or 20% (% total energy). Study 2: 7 group of growing rats were fed diets with different lysine content (as % of lysine requirement), for 3 weeks: 15%, 25%, 40%, 60%, 75%, 100% or 170% (% Lysine requirement). Body weight was measured daily. At the end of the experiment, the body composition was analyzed and tissues were removed for measurements of the expression of genes involved in protein and bone metabolism. Statistical analysis was done by variance analysis. Results Rats fed low protein diet (3% and 5% of milk protein), compared to control have a lower growth, with a lower body weight and naso-anal length. This weak growth was associated with a lower lean body mass, and also had an impact on bone metabolism. There was a decrease in the bone mineral density, bone mineral content and femur size, associated with a decrease of markers of bone turnover and formation. The same results on bone metabolism were observed on rats fed the 85% lysine deficient diet. Conclusions Low protein diet and lysine-deficient diet reduce growth and bone metabolism. The impact of low protein diet could be related to the lysine deficiency, which have an impact on the calcium intestinal absorption and on collagen synthesis. Funding Sources INRA, AgroParisTech. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

Effects of a diet deficient in the B complex vitamins on infectivity, growth and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.L. Simpkins ◽  
B. Fried
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
B Vitamins ◽  
Experimental Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Echinostoma Caproni ◽  
Icr Mice ◽  
Significant Difference

The effects of a diet deficient in the B vitamins on infectivity, growth, and distribution of Echinostoma caproni in ICR mice were studied. The vitamin-deficient diet (experimental) was isocaloric to the control diet but lacked the B vitamins. Thirty-six female, 6- to 8-week-old ICR mice were each infected with 25 metacercarial cysts. From the day of infection to the day of necropsy, 18 mice were fed the experimental diet and the remaining mice received the control diet. Equal numbers of experimental and control mice were necropsied at 2, 3 and 4 weeks postinfection (p.i.). Mice on the experimental diet showed a significant loss in body weight between 2 and 4 weeks p.i. There was no significant difference in worm recovery at 2 to 4 weeks p.i. from mice on either diet. Worms from hosts on the experimental diet were more dispersed and located more posteriad in the small intestine than those from mice on the control diet. Worm dry weight was significantly less in hosts on the experimental diet at all weeks p.i. compared with that of hosts on the control diet. The body area of worms on the experimental diet was significantly less at 2 and 3 weeks p.i. than that of worms on the control diet. An isocaloric diet deficient in the B vitamins had a detrimental effect on the growth of E. caproni in ICR mice.

scholarly journals Effect of the Mediterranean diet with and without weight loss on surrogate markers of cholesterol homeostasis in men with the metabolic syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 107 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Richard ◽  
Patrick Couture ◽  
Sophie Desroches ◽  
Suzanne Benjannet ◽  
Nabil G. Seidah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cholesterol Absorption ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Surrogate Markers ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Impact

The mechanisms implicated in the LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering effects of the Mediterranean-type diet (MedDiet) are unknown. The present study assessed the impact of the MedDiet consumed under controlled feeding conditions, with and without weight loss, on surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption, synthesis and clearance using plasma phytosterols, lathosterol and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) concentrations, respectively, in men with the metabolic syndrome. The subjects' diet (n19, 24–62 years) was first standardised to a baseline North American control diet (5 weeks) followed by a MedDiet (5 weeks), both under weight-maintaining isoenergetic feeding conditions. The participants then underwent a 20-week free-living energy restriction period (10 (sd3) % reduction in body weight,P < 0·01), followed by the consumption of the MedDiet (5 weeks) under controlled isoenergetic feeding conditions. The LDL-C-lowering effect of the MedDiet in the absence of weight loss ( − 9·9 %) was accompanied by significant reductions in plasma PCSK9 concentrations ( − 11·7 %,P < 0·01) and in the phytosterol:cholesterol ratio ( − 9·7 %,P < 0·01) compared with the control diet. The addition of weight loss to the MedDiet had no further impact on plasma LDL-C concentrations and on these surrogate markers of LDL clearance and cholesterol absorption. The present results suggest that the MedDiet reduces plasma LDL-C concentrations primarily by increasing LDL clearance and reducing cholesterol absorption, with no synergistic effect of body weight loss in this process.

scholarly journals Early growth and postprandial appetite regulatory hormone responses

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1591-1600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mia-Maria Perälä ◽  
Eero Kajantie ◽  
Liisa M. Valsta ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
Jaana Leiviskä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Meal ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Slow Increase ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hormone Responses ◽  
The Impact

Strong epidemiological evidence suggests that slow prenatal or postnatal growth is associated with an increased risk of CVD and other metabolic diseases. However, little is known whether early growth affects postprandial metabolism and, especially, the appetite regulatory hormone system. Therefore, we investigated the impact of early growth on postprandial appetite regulatory hormone responses to two high-protein and two high-fat content meals. Healthy, 65–75-year-old volunteers from the Helsinki Birth Cohort Study were recruited; twelve with a slow increase in BMI during the first year of life (SGI group) and twelve controls. Subjects ate a test meal (whey meal, casein meal, SFA meal and PUFA meal) once in a random order. Plasma glucose, insulin, TAG, NEFA, ghrelin, peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY), glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, glucagon-like peptide-1 and a satiety profile were measured in the fasting state and for 4 h after each test meal. Compared with the controls, the SGI group had about 1·5-fold higher insulin responses after the whey meal (P= 0·037), casein meal (P= 0·023) and PUFA meal (P= 0·002). TAG responses were 34–69 % higher for the SGI group, but only the PUFA-meal responses differed significantly between the groups. The PYY response of the SGI group was 44 % higher after the whey meal (P= 0·046) and 115 % higher after the casein meal (P= 0·025) compared with the controls. No other statistically significant differences were seen between the groups. In conclusion, early growth may have a role in programming appetite regulatory hormone secretion in later life. Slow early growth is also associated with higher postprandial insulin and TAG responses but not with incretin levels.

scholarly journals Impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet on anthropometrics, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits in obese men displaying a high or a low satiety phenotype

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (9) ◽  
pp. 750-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Arguin ◽  
Angelo Tremblay ◽  
John E. Blundell ◽  
Jean-Pierre Després ◽  
Denis Richard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Eating Behaviour ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Flexible Control ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Satiety Responsiveness

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a non-restrictive satiating diet in men displaying various degrees of satiety efficiency. In all, sixty-nine obese men aged 41·5 (sd5·7) years were randomly assigned to a control (10–15, 55–60 and 30 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively;n34) or satiating (20–25, 45–50 and 30–35 % energy as protein, carbohydrate and lipid, respectively;n35) diet for 16 weeks, and were classified as having a low (LSP) or high (HSP) satiety phenotype. Both diets were consumedad libitum. Changes in body weight, BMI, percent fat mass, waist circumference, satiety responsiveness and eating behaviour traits were assessed following the intervention. Dropout rates were higher in the control diet (44·1 %) compared with the satiating diet (8·6 %). Decreases in body weight, BMI and waist circumference were significant in both groups, yet HSP individuals lost more body weight than LSP individuals (P=0·048). Decreases in % fat mass were greater in the satiating diet (LSP: −2·1 (sd2·1) %;P<0·01 and HSP: −3·0 (sd2·5) %;P<0·001) compared with the control diet (LSP: −1·1 (sd2·5) % and HSP: −1·3 (sd2·6) %) (P=0·034). Satiety responsiveness was markedly improved in the satiating diet, whereas no significant changes were observed in the control group. Changes in dietary restraint (+3·3 (sd2·9) to +7·2 (sd5·5)), flexible control (+0·9 (sd1·4) to +2·3 (sd2·7)), rigid control (+2·2 (sd1·5) to +2·5 (sd2·8)), disinhibition (−2·8 (sd3·7) to −3·2 (sd2·6)) and susceptibility to hunger (−2·7 (sd4·1) to −4·6 (sd3·9)) were similar between the diets. Compared with the control diet, the satiating diet favoured adherence, decreased % fat mass and improved satiety responsiveness in both HSP and LSP individuals.

scholarly journals Thiamine Deficiency Causes Long-Lasting Neurobehavioral Deficits in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 565
Author(s):  
Hui Li ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Wen Wen ◽  
Liying Wu ◽  
Mei Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recovery Treatment ◽  
Moderate Change ◽  
Neurobehavioral Deficits ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Thiamine deficiency (TD) has detrimental effects on brain health and neurobehavioral development, and it is associated with many aging-related neurological disorders. To facilitate TD-related neuropsychological studies, we generated a TD mouse model by feeding a thiamine-deficient diet for 30 days, followed by re-feeding the control diet for either one week or 16 weeks as recovery treatment. We then performed neurobehavioral tests in these two cohorts: cohort of one week post TD treatment (1 wk-PTDT) and 16 weeks post TD treatment (16 wks-PTDT). The TD mice showed no significant difference from control in any tests in the 1 wk-PTDT cohort at the age of 13–14 weeks. The tests for the 16 wks-PTDT cohort at the age of 28–29 weeks, however, demonstrated anxiety and reduced locomotion in TD animals in open field and elevated plus maze. In comparison, rotor rod and water maze revealed no differences between TD and control mice. The current findings of the differential effects of the same TD treatment on locomotion and anxiety at different ages may reflect the progressive and moderate change of TD-induced neurobehavioral effects. The study suggests that, even though the immediate neurobehavioral impact of TD is modest or negligible at a young age, the impact could develop and become severe during the aging process.

scholarly journals Srebf2 Locus Overexpression Reduces Body Weight, Total Cholesterol and Glucose Levels in Mice Fed with Two Different Diets

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3130
Author(s):  
Irene Andrés-Blasco ◽  
Sebastian Blesa ◽  
Ángela Vinué ◽  
Herminia González-Navarro ◽  
José Tomás Real ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Macronutrients represent risk factors for hyperlipidemia or diabetes. Lipid alterations and type 2 diabetes mellitus are global health problems. Overexpression of sterol regulatory element-binding factor (Srebf2) in transgenic animals is linked to elevated cholesterol levels and diabetes development. We investigated the impact of increased Srebf2 locus expression and the effects of control and high-fat, high-sucrose (HFHS) diets on body weight, glucose and lipid metabolisms in transgenic mice (S-mice). Wild type (WT) and S-mice were fed with both diets for 16 weeks. Plasma glucose, insulin and lipids were assessed (n = 25). Immunostainings were performed in liver, pancreas and fat (N = 10). Expression of Ldlr and Hmgcr in liver was performed by RT-PCR (N = 8). Control diet: S-mice showed reduced weight, insulin, total and HDL cholesterol and triglycerides (TG). HFHS diet widened differences in weight, total and HDL cholesterol, insulin and HOMA index but increased TG in S-mice. In S-mice, adipocyte size was lower while HFHS diet produced lower increase, pancreatic β-cell mass was lower with both diets and Srebf2, Ldlr and Hmgcr mRNA levels were higher while HFHS diet produced a rise in Srebf2 and Hmgcr levels. Srebf2 complete gene overexpression seems to have beneficial effects on metabolic parameters and to protect against HFHS diet effects.

PSIV-16 Evaluation of Nutritional Strategies to Reduce Growth Rate of Pigs Beyond 90-kg Body Weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 183-184
Author(s):  
Zhong-Xing Rao ◽  
Jordan T Gebhardt ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Joel M DeRouchey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Previous Treatment ◽  
Feeding Strategies ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Slow Growth Rate ◽  
Nutritional Strategies

Abstract A total of 356 pigs (241×600; DNA; Columbus, NE; initially 89.0 kg) were used in a 44-d trial to evaluate nutritional strategies to reduce growth rate. Three diets [control, Lys-deficient, and corn (98% corn and 2% vitamins and minerals)] were arranged into 4 nutritional strategies. The three diets contained 0.70, 0.50, and 0.18% standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys, respectively, with all nutrients other than amino acids above requirement estimates. From d 0 to 28, pens received one of two diets (control or Lys-deficient). On d 28, pens either remained on their previous treatment or were fed the corn diet from d 28 to 44. Pens were assigned to nutritional strategies in a randomized complete block design based on initial body weight (BW) with 18 pens/treatment from d 0 to 28 and 9 pens/treatment from d 28 to 44. From d 0 to 28, pigs fed the Lys-deficient diet had decreased (P&lt; 0.001) ADG, G:F, and d 28 BW compared to pigs fed the control diet. From d 28 to 44, pigs fed the corn diet had decreased (P&lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F compared to pigs fed the control or Lys-deficient diets. Pigs fed the Lys-deficient diet for 44 days had decreased (P&lt; 0.05) ADG and G:F compared to pigs fed the control diet for 44 days. From d 0 to 44, pigs fed the Lys-deficient diet then corn diet had decreased (P&lt; 0.05) ADG, final BW, and G:F compared to all other treatments. Pigs fed the Lys-deficient diet for 44-d and pigs fed the control diet then corn diet had decreased (P&lt; 0.05) ADG, G:F, and final BW compared to pigs fed the control diet for 44-d. In summary, feeding strategies with lysine deficient diets allow producers to slow growth rate of finishing pigs; however, feed efficiency is also impaired.

scholarly journals Effects of Alzheimer-Like Pathology on Homocysteine and Homocysteic Acid Levels—An Exploratory In Vivo Kinetic Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Hendrik Nieraad ◽  
Natasja de Bruin ◽  
Olga Arne ◽  
Martine C. J. Hofmann ◽  
Robert Gurke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Homocysteic Acid ◽  
B Vitamin ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
The Brain

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been suggested potentially to contribute to a variety of pathologies, such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). While the impact of hyperhomocysteinemia on AD has been investigated extensively, there are scarce data on the effect of AD on hyperhomocysteinemia. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the kinetics of homocysteine (HCys) and homocysteic acid (HCA) and effects of AD-like pathology on the endogenous levels. The mice received a B-vitamin deficient diet for eight weeks, followed by the return to a balanced control diet for another eight weeks. Serum, urine, and brain tissues of AppNL-G-F knock-in and C57BL/6J wild type mice were analyzed for HCys and HCA using LC-MS/MS methods. Hyperhomocysteinemic levels were found in wild type and knock-in mice due to the consumption of the deficient diet for eight weeks, followed by a rapid normalization of the levels after the return to control chow. Hyperhomocysteinemic AppNL-G-F mice had significantly higher HCys in all matrices, but not HCA, compared to wild type control. Higher serum concentrations were associated with elevated levels in both the brain and in urine. Our findings confirm a significant impact of AD-like pathology on hyperhomocysteinemia in the AppNL-G-F mouse model. The immediate normalization of HCys and HCA after the supply of B-vitamins strengthens the idea of a B-vitamin intervention as a potentially preventive treatment option for HCys-related disorders such as AD.

scholarly journals Suppression of High-Fat Diet–Induced Obesity by Platycodon Grandiflorus in Mice Is Linked to Changes in the Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 2364-2374
Author(s):  
Weixin Ke ◽  
Germán Bonilla-Rosso ◽  
Philipp Engel ◽  
Pan Wang ◽  
Fang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Amplicon Sequencing ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Induced Changes

ABSTRACT Background The root of Platycodon grandiflorus (PG) has a long-standing tradition in the Asian diet and herbal medicine, because of its anti-inflammatory and antiobesity effects. Changes in the gut microbiota can have dietary effects on host health, which suggests a relation between the 2. Objectives The aim of our study was to investigate the relation between PG-mediated suppression of obesity and the composition and functioning of the gut microbiota. Methods Six-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a control diet (CON, 10% kcal from fat), a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% kcal from fat), or a PG-supplemented HFD for 18 wk. PG was administered by oral gavage at 2 g · kg body weight−1 · d−1. Body weight and food intake were monitored. Lipid metabolism, inflammation, and intestinal barrier function were determined. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was used to explore gut microbiota structure, and nontargeted metabolomics analysis was performed to investigate metabolite concentrations in fecal samples. Results We found that PG significantly ameliorated HFD-induced inflammation, recovered intestinal barrier integrity (reduced permeability by 39% , P = 0.008), reduced fat accumulation by 26% (P = 0.009), and changed the expression of key genes involved in the development of white adipose tissue (P &lt; 0.05) in HFD-fed mice to similar levels in CON mice. Moreover, PG attenuated HFD-induced changes in the gut microbiota; it especially increased Allobaculum (7.3-fold, P = 0.002) relative to HFD, whereas CON was 15.2-fold of HFD (P = 0.002). These changes by PG were associated with an increase in the production of SCFAs (butyrate and propionate, P &lt; 0.001) and other carbohydrate-related metabolites known to have a major role in disease suppression. Conclusions Our study demonstrated that PG beneficially changed the gut microbiota and the gut metabolome in HFD-fed mice, and suggests that the antiobesity effects of PG may be mediated via changes in gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity.

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