Postnatal distribution of ZnO nanoparticles to the breast milk through oral route and their risk assessment for breastfed rat offsprings

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1318-1332
Author(s):  
A Hussain ◽  
S Kumar ◽  
G Kaul
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Oral Route ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

Various studies in rodents have shown that nanoparticles are transferred to the breast milk. Under the present study, lactating Wistar rats were repetitively gavaged 5, 25, and 50 mg/kg bw of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) and 50 mg kg−1 bw of bulk zinc oxide (bZnO) for 19 days after parturition. The results showed that ZnO-NPs were absorbed in the small intestine of dams and distributed to the liver. Furthermore, ZnO-NPs were distributed to the intestine and liver of rat pups through dam’s milk. No significant change in body weight was observed in the dams treated with ZnO-NPs or bZnO and their offsprings as compared to the control group. The spleen weight significantly increased in the rat dams treated with 50 mg kg−1 of ZnO-NPs. ZnO-NPs were mostly excreted through feces. The levels of liver cytochrome P450 reductase and serum total antioxidant capacity significantly decreased in the rat dams treated with ZnO-NPs (50 mg kg−1) and their offsprings. The levels of serum cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta) and liver injury marker enzymes (alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase) significantly increased in the rat dams treated with ZnO-NPs (25 and 50 mg kg−1) and their offsprings. The level of immunoglobulin A secretion in the intestinal fluid of rat dams and their offsprings is significantly increased by increasing the dose of ZnO-NPs. Histopathology of intestine and liver of offsprings whose rat dams were treated with ZnO-NPs (50 mg kg−1) showed gross pathological changes. These results provide information for the safety evaluation of ZnO-NPs use during lactation. In conclusion, a dose-dependent postnatal transfer of ZnO-NPs is hazardous to the breastfed offsprings.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Leukocyte Entry into the Brain by the Selectin Blocker Fucoidin Decreases Interleukin-1 (IL-1) Levels but Increases IL-8 Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid during Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis in Rabbits

2000 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 3153-3157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Østergaard ◽  
Runa Vavia Yieng-Kow ◽  
Thomas Benfield ◽  
Niels Frimodt-Møller ◽  
Frank Espersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Pneumococcal Meningitis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Experimental Pneumococcal Meningitis

ABSTRACT The polysaccharide fucoidin is a selectin blocker that inhibits leukocyte recruitment into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) during experimental pneumococcal meningitis. In the present study, the effect of fucoidin treatment on the release of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1 (IL-1), and IL-8 into the CSF was investigated. Rabbits (n = 7) were treated intravenously with 10 mg of fucoidin/kg of body weight every second hour starting 4 h after intracisternal inoculation of ∼106 CFU of Streptococcus pneumoniae type 3 (untreated control group, n = 7). CSF samples were obtained every second hour during a 16-h study period. Treatment with fucoidin caused a consistent and significant decrease in CSF IL-1 levels (in picograms per milliliter) between 12 and 16 h (0 versus 170, 0 versus 526, and 60 versus 1,467, respectively;P < 0.02). A less consistent decrease in CSF TNF-α levels was observed in the fucoidin-treated group, but with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). In contrast, there was no attenuation in CSF IL-8 levels. Indeed, there was a significant increase in CSF IL-8 levels (in picograms per milliliter) in the fucoidin-treated group at 10 and 12 h (921 versus 574 and 1,397 versus 569, respectively;P < 0.09). In conclusion, our results suggest that blood-derived leukocytes mainly are responsible for the release of IL-1 and to some degree TNF-α into the CSF during pneumococcal meningitis, whereas IL-8 may be produced by local cells within the brain.

Oxydative stress markers and cytokine levels in rosuvastatin-medicated hypercholesterolemia patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-538
Author(s):  
Aysun Çetin ◽  
İhsan Çetin ◽  
Semih Yılmaz ◽  
Ahmet Şen ◽  
Göktuğ Savaş ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenotypic Effect ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Background Limited research is available concerning the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation parameters, and simultaneously the effects of rosuvastatin on these markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia. We aimed to investigate the connection between cytokines and oxidative stress markers in patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after rosuvastatin treatment. Methods The study consisted of 30 hypercholesterolemic patients diagnosed with routine laboratory tests and 30 healthy participants. The lipid parameters, interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), paraoxonase-1 (PON1) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in controls and patients with hypercholesterolemia before and after 12-week treatment with rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg/day), were analyzed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results It was found that a 12-week cure with rosuvastatin resulted in substantial reductions in IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α and MDA levels as in rising activities of PON1 in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Before treatment, the PON1 levels were significantly negatively correlated with TNF-α and IL-6 in control group, while it was positively correlated with TNF-α in patients. Conclusion Our outcomes provide evidence of protected effect of rosuvastatin for inflammation and oxidative damage. It will be of great interest to determine whether the correlation between PON1 and cytokines has any phenotypic effect on PON1.

scholarly journals Impact of Coenzyme Q10 Administration on Lead Acetate-Induced Testicular Damage in Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal El-khadragy ◽  
Wafa A. Al-Megrin ◽  
Norah A. AlSadhan ◽  
Dina M. Metwally ◽  
Rehab E. El-Hennamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coenzyme Q10 ◽  
Lead Acetate ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Tween 80 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Coq10 Supplementation ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Testicular Injury

Exposure to lead (Pb) causes multiorgan dysfunction including reproductive impairments. Here, we examined the protective effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) administration on testicular injury induced by lead acetate (PbAc) exposure in rats. This study employed four experimental groups (n=7) that underwent seven days of treatment as follows: control group intraperitoneally (i.p.) treated with 0.1 ml of 0.9% NaCl containing 1% Tween 80 (v:v), CoQ10 group that was i.p. injected with 10 mg/kg CoQ10, PbAc group that was i.p. treated with PbAc (20 mg/kg), and PbAc+CoQ10 group that was i.p. injected with CoQ10 2 h after PbAc. PbAc injection resulted in increasing residual Pb levels in the testis and reducing testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone levels. Additionally, PbAc exposure resulted in significant oxidative damage to the tissues on the testes. PbAc raised the levels of prooxidants (malondialdehyde and nitric oxide) and reduced the amount of endogenous antioxidative proteins (glutathione and its derivative enzymes, catalase, and superoxide dismutase) available in the cell. Moreover, PbAc induced the inflammatory response as evidenced by the upregulation of inflammatory mediators (tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta). Further, PbAc treatment induced apoptosis in the testicular cells, as indicated by an increase in Bax and caspase 3 expression, and reduced Bcl2 expression. CoQ10 supplementation improved testicular function by inhibiting Pb accumulation, oxidative stress, inflammation, cell death, and histopathological changes following PbAc exposure. Our findings suggest that CoQ10 can act as a natural therapeutic agent to protect against the reproductive impairments associated with PbAc exposure.

scholarly journals Nanoparticles of zinc oxide defeat chlorpyrifos-induced immunotoxic effects and histopathological alterations

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 440-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara S. Essa ◽  
Eiman M. El-Saied ◽  
Osama S. El-Tawil ◽  
Inas M. Gamal ◽  
Sahar S. Abd El-Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Macrophage Activity ◽  
Serum Lysozyme

Background and Aim: Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used organophosphate insecticide. Nanoparticles of zinc oxide (ZnO NPs) physically showed effective adsorbing property for some insecticides. The study was conducted to estimate the potential effect of ZnO NPs against CPF toxicity. Materials and Methods: Four groups of male rats were used; control group and three groups received drinking water contained 75 mg/L CPF, combined 75 mg/L CPF and 200 mg/L ZnO NPs, and 200 mg/L ZnO NPs, respectively. Results: CPF significantly decreased macrophage activity, serum lysozyme activity, and levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-6; increased the percentage of DNA degeneration on comet assay of lymphocytes and significantly elevated hepatic and splenic malondialdehyde contents; and decreased their glutathione contents. The liver and spleen showed marked histological alterations after exposure to CPF with decreased expression of acetylcholinesterase. The coadministration of ZnO NPs ameliorated most of the undesirable effects of CPF, through elevation of macrophage and serum lysozyme activities, increased the levels of IL-2 and IL-6, corrected the oxidative stress markers, and alleviated most of the adverse effect exerted by CPF in liver and spleen tissues. Conclusion: The addition of ZnO NPs to CPF-contaminated drinking water may be useful as a powerful antioxidant agent against toxic damage induced by CPF particularly in individuals who are on daily occupational exposure to low doses of CPF.

scholarly journals Suppression of Tumorigenesis: Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokines by Oral Administration of Microencapsulated Probiotic Yogurt Formulation

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Malgorzata Urbanska ◽  
Arghya Paul ◽  
Jasmine Bhahena ◽  
Satya Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Probiotic Yogurt ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The objective of this study was to examine the ability of a novel microencapsulated probiotic yogurt formulation to suppress the intestinal inflammation. We assessed its anticancer activity by screening interleukin-1, 6, and 12 (IL-1, 6, 12), secretory levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), prostaglandinE2  (PGE2), and thromboxane B2 in the digesta obtained from the duodenum, jejunum, proximal, and distal segments of the ileum of C57BL/6J-ApcMin/J mice. Formulation-receiving animals showed consistently lower proinflammatory cytokines' levels when compared to control group animals receiving empty alginate-poly-L-lysine-alginate (APA) microcapsules suspended in saline. The concentrations of IL-12 found in serum in control and treatment group animals were significant:46.58±16.96 pg/mL and158.58±28.56 pg/mL for control and treatment animals, respectively. We determined a significant change in plasma C-reactive protein:81.04±23.73 ng/mL in control group and64.21±16.64 ng/mL in treatment group. Western blots showed a 71% downregulation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in treatment group animals compared to control. These results point to the possibility of using this yogurt formulation in anticancer therapies, in addition to chronic gut diseases such as Crohn's disease, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) thanks to its inflammation lowering properties.

Microstructural changes and immunohistological analysis of pro-inflammatory cytokines in spleens of lipopolysaccharide-induced rats

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. B. Zhong ◽  
X. L. Zhang ◽  
M. Y. Lv ◽  
X. F. Hu ◽  
Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Saline Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Lymphoid Follicles ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

This study investigated splenic status changes in weaned Sprague-Dawley rats induced by lipopolysaccharide. There were forty 26-day-old rats selected randomly and equally divided into two groups. The treatment group received daily single doses of lipopolysaccharide, and the control group was treated with normal saline. We conducted haematoxylin-eosin staining, immunohistochemical staining and semi-quantitative optical density analysis for both groups on the 29th, 32nd, 35th and 38th days after treatment. The results indicated that splenic marginal zone in the lipopolysaccharide group was thinner or disappeared compared to that of the saline group. However, the periarterial lymphoid sheath and the diameters of splenic lymphoid follicles appeared thicker and wider than those in the saline group (P less than 0.05). The expression of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor alpha was mainly localized within the periarterial lymphoid sheath and splenic lymphoid follicles in the lipopolysaccharide treated rats. The integrated optical density and the average optical density in the lipopolysaccharide group were greater than those in the normal saline treated group (P less than 0.05). In conclusion, splenic immune function is probably strengthened by altering microstructures and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines following lipopolysaccharide treatment.

scholarly journals Borate reduces experimental supra-celiac aortic clamping-induced oxidative stress in lung and kidney, but fails to prevent organ damage

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329
Author(s):  
Tünay Kurtoğlu ◽  
Selim Durmaz ◽  
Ömer Faruk Rahman ◽  
Nesibe Kahraman Çetin ◽  
Mustafa Yılmaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dimethyl Sulfoxide ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Aortic Clamping ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa ◽  
Histological Damage ◽  
Nuclear Factor Kappa Beta

Background: This study aims to investigate the effects of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) on aortic clamping-induced lung and kidney tissue oxidation, tissue inflammation, and histological damage in a rat model. Methods: A total of 28 adult female Wistar albino rats were randomly allocated to four equal groups: Control group, ischemia-reperfusion group, dimethyl sulfoxide group, and 2-APB group. Animals in the control group underwent median laparotomy. In the remaining groups, supra-celiac aorta was clamped for 45 min and, then, reperfusion was constituted for 60 min. The 2-APB (2 mg/kg) was administered before clamping. The remaining groups received saline (ischemia-reperfusion group) or dimethyl sulfoxide (dimethyl sulfoxide group). Kidney and lung tissue samples were harvested at the end of reperfusion. Results: Aortic occlusion caused increased tissue total oxidant status and reduced total antioxidant status and glutathione levels in the ischemia-reperfusion and dimethyl sulfoxide groups. Tissue interleukin-1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, nuclear factor kappa beta activation, and histological damage severity scores were also higher in these groups. The 2-APB treatment eliminated the increase in total oxidant status and the decrease in total antioxidant status and glutathione levels. It also caused a decrease in the interleukin-1 beta levels, although it did not significantly alter the tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels, nuclear factor kappa beta immunoreactivity, and histological damage scores. Conclusion: Borate exerted a beneficial antioxidant effect as evidenced by reduced oxidative stress; however, it did not inhibit nuclear factor kappa beta activation and prevent histological damage in supra-celiac aortic clamping-induced kidney and lung injury in rats.

scholarly journals A Randomized Control Trial Study to Determine the Effect of Melatonin on Serum Levels of IL-1β and TNF-α in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoomeh Yosefifard ◽  
Gholamhassan Vaezi ◽  
Ali Akbar Malekirad ◽  
Fardin Faraji ◽  
Vida Hojati
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological disease that happens at a young age. MS is an inflammatory disease; associated with the demyelination of the central nervous system. Therefore, some inflammatory factors are effective in the mechanism and progression of the disease. Melatonin, as a multi-effect substance including anti-inflammatory effects, can reduce symptoms of MS in patients with a change in their inflammatory factors level. In this study, 50 MS patients who were referred to the MS Society of Markazi Province were randomly selected. All patients were treated with routine MS treatment (interferon) and were divided into control (25 placebo recipients) and treatment (25 recipients of 3 mg melatonin per day for 24 weeks) groups. Anthropometric data of patients including height, weight, and age were determined. Blood samples were collected after fasting in order to determine serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Then, samples were immediately centrifuged for serum separation and sera were transferred to a freezer at -80°C and serum levels of these factors were determined; using ELISA kit. The results of this study showed that there was no significant difference between the control and treatment groups in terms of serum levels of TNF-α. However, the level of IL-1β was significantly reduced in the treatment group compared to the control group, indicating that melatonin decreases this inflammatory substance. Our findings suggest a valuable strategy in the treatment of patients who suffer from MS

scholarly journals The Effect of Scaling and Root Planning on Salivary TNF-α and IL-1α Concentrations in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoome Eivazi ◽  
Negar Falahi ◽  
Nastaran Eivazi ◽  
Mohammad Ali Eivazi ◽  
Asad Vaisi Raygani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pocket Depth ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Root Planning ◽  
Scaling And Root Planning

Objective:Periodontitis is one of the main diseases in the oral cavity that causes tooth loss. The host immune response and inflammatory factors have important role in periodontal tissue. The current study was done with the objective to determine the effect of scaling and root planning on the salivary concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1-alpha (IL-1α).Methods:In this quasi-experimental clinical trial, 29 patients with chronic periodontitis and 29 healthy subjects without periodontitis were studied. Clinical examination findings and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α (using ELISA method) were compared before and after scaling, root planning.Results:Before starting treatment, salivary TNF-α and IL-1α concentrations were higher in healthy control group than in periodontitis group (P< 0.05). Non-surgical treatment increased the concentration of these two biomarkers in the saliva. However, increase in IL-1α concentration was not statistically significant (P= 0.056). There was a negative relationship between TNF-α and IL-1α levels with pocket depth and attachment loss (P< 0.05).Conclusion:Scaling and root planning improved periodontal disease indices and salivary TNF-α and IL-1α levels.

The Interaction of Zinc Oxide/Green Tea Extract Complex Nanoparticles and its Effect on Monosodium Glutamate Toxicity in Liver of Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 465-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fawziah A. Al-Salmi ◽  
Reham Z. Hamza ◽  
Nahla S. El-Shenawy
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Zno Nps ◽  
Tea Extract

Background: Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are increasingly utilized in both industrial and medical applications. Therefore, the study was aimed to investigate the effect of green nanoparticle complex (green tea extract/zinc oxide nanoparticles complex, GTE/ZnO NPs) on oxidative stress induced by monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of rats. Methods: Wistar male rats (n=64) weighing between 200-250 g were divided randomly into eight groups: control group was given physiological saline (1 mg/kg), two groups were treated with two different doses of MSG (MSG-LD, MSG-HD; 6 and 17.5 mg/Kg, respectively), GTE was given 1 mg/mL, 5th group was treated with ZnO NPs and 6th group was treated with GTE/ZnO NPs complex while, 7th and 8th groups were treated with MSG-LD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex and MSG-HD + GTE/ZnO NPs complex, respectively. All substances were given orally for 30 consecutive days. At the end of the study, the liver was homogenized for measurement of the oxidative stress status and anti-inflammatory biomarkers as well as histological and transmission alternations. Results: Results showed that the antioxidant enzymes activity and glutathione level were significantly decreased in MSG groups than control in a dose-dependent manner. Conversely, the malondialdehyde and inflammatory cytokines levels were significantly increased in MSG groups than the control group. The liver indicated no evidence of alteration in oxidative status, anti-inflammatory and morphological parameters in GTE, ZnO NPs and GTE/ZnO NPs complex groups. Conclusion: In conclusion, MSG at both doses caused oxidative stress and inflammation on liver after 28 days of exposure that supported histological analysis and transmission view of hepatic parenchyma. GTE/ZnO NPs act as partial hepato-protective against MSG.

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