scholarly journals Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Captured Free-Living, Free-Range and Intensively Reared Birds in Southwest Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. I. Adebiyi ◽  
A. F. Fagbohun
Keyword(s):  
Bird Species ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Japanese Quails ◽  
Southwest Nigeria

Abstract Infectious bronchitis (IB) is an acute infectious viral disease causing severe economic losses in poultry production. In Nigeria, there has only been monitoring of the disease in chickens with little attention given to other bird species. For this study, blood samples were collected from 184 apparently healthy, unvaccinated birds which comprised of 61 captured free-living pigeons, 60 free range indigenous chickens and 63 intensively reared Japanese quails. Sera from these birds were screened for IB virus antibodies (IBV) using a commercial ELISA kit. The birds were from Oyo and Osun States, in southwest Nigeria. Overall, 63 (34.2 %) sera were positive for IBV with 3.3 % (2/61), 95.0 % (57/60) and 6.3 % (4/63) from pigeons, indigenous chickens and Japanese quails, respectively. These findings suggest that they were subclinically infected with either field or vaccine virus and could thus serve as possible reservoirs of this virus to domestic poultry. Thus, there is need for continuous surveillance of the disease in different bird species and their possible role in the spread of IBV in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Sero-prevalence and serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus in free-range chicken in Plateau state, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-225
Author(s):  
S. Ijoma ◽  
I. Shittu ◽  
C. Chinyere ◽  
K.A. Olawuyi ◽  
D.A. Gado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Dominant Serotype

Globally, infectious bronchitis (IB) is an important respiratory viral disease responsible for enormous economic losses to poultry farmers.  In Nigeria, limited reports on the prevalence and serotypes of the IB virus are available. Here, we investigated the prevalence and serotypes of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) in chicken in Plateau State. A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out involving 440 apparently healthy free-range local chickens sampled from eleven villages in four Local Government Areas (LGA) of Plateau State. Sera collected from the birds were screened for the presence of four IBV serotypes namely; Massachusetts (Mass), Arkansas (Ark), Connecticut (Con) and Delaware (De-072) using haemagglutinationinhibition (HI) test. In all, a prevalence of 82.95% (n = 365) was recorded. At LGAlevel, prevalence of 79.50%, 47.37%, 95.45% and 100% were recorded in Kanam, Mangu, Qua’an pan and Bassa LGAs, respectively. Based on serotype prevalence, Mass had 89.30% (n = 326); Ark 79.70% (n = 291); Con 88.20% (n = 322) while De-072 was 42.70% (n = 156). There were statistically significant associations between dominant serotype and the LGAs (p≤0.001). This study shows high prevalence of IBwith at least four strains of IBV present in free-range chicken flocks in Plateau State requiring attention for control measures. Keywords: Free-range chicken; Infectious bronchitis virus; Plateau state, Serosurvey, Serotype

scholarly journals Seroprevalence of Fowl Pox Antibody in Indigenous Chickens in Jos North and South Council Areas of Plateau State, Nigeria: Implication for Vector Vaccine

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meseko Clement Adebajo ◽  
Shittu Ismail Ademola ◽  
Akinyede Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Vector Vaccine ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Viral Vaccine ◽  
Plateau State ◽  
Effective Use

Fowl pox is a viral disease of domestic and wild birds. The large size of the genome makes it a useful vector for recombinant DNA technology. Although the disease has been described in both commercial and indigenous chickens in Nigeria, data are limited on seroprevalence in free range chickens. Such data are, however, important in the design and implementation of fowl pox virus vector vaccine. We surveyed current antibody status to fowl pox virus in free range chickens by testing 229 sera collected from 10 villages in Jos North and Jos South LGA of Plateau State Nigeria. Sera were analyzed by AGID against standard fowl pox antigen. Fifty-two of the 229 (23%) tested sera were positive for fowl pox virus antibody, and the log titre in all positive specimen was . Thirty (21%) and twenty-two (27%) of the samples from Jos South and Jos North, respectively, tested positive. This was, however, not statistically significant (). Generally the study showed a significant level of antibody to fowl pox virus in the study area. This observation may hinder effective use of fowl pox vectored viral vaccine. Fowl pox control is recommended to reduce natural burden of the disease.

scholarly journals Isolation and Molecular Identification of Respiratory Diseases Viruses in Poultry During 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahed Yehia ◽  
Fatma Amer ◽  
Abdelhafez Samir ◽  
Mohamed Samy ◽  
Ahmed Sedeek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Antigenic Site ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Receptor Binding Site ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Ha Gene ◽  
Multiple Mutation ◽  
Group B

Abstract Poultry production has affected by multiple respiratory disease triggering serious economic losses in Egypt. In this study, the situation and genetic evolution of respiratory disease in Egypt during 2020 were studied. We collected 53 samples from infected flocks suffered from respiratory signs and variable mortality rate from nine governorates in Egypt during 2020. The collected samples were examined for detection of respiratory disease viruses (Avian influenza virus (AIV), Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), and Newcastle disease virus (NDV)) by rRT-PCR. The single infection was confirmed in 90.6% (37.7% I. B, 30.2% AIV (H5N8), 9.4% I. B and 5.7% NDV) and co-infection of HPAIV (H5N8) + I.BV and LPAIV (H9N2) +IBV were detected in 3.8% in nine governorates. The HA gene of HPAIV (H5N8) were cluster to clad 2.3.4.4.1b in new branch with characteristic specific mutations especially in T140A in antigenic site A and R72S in the receptor binding site when comparing with A/duck/Egypt/F446/2017 with low A.A identity percent with vaccinal strains (H5N1 and H5N2) reach to 91.9-94% and 84.6% respectively. The HA gene of AIV (H9N2) were belong to A/quail/Hong Kong/G1/97-like virus clustered with group B with specific mutation (212I) that may be effect on human transmission of the virus. The HVRs of S1 gene of IBV cluster to GI23 (Egy Var I) clad with multiple mutation in HVR1, HVR2 when comparing with IBV/CU/4/2014 and low identity percent (68.3%-78.8%) with vaccine strains (H120, M41, 4/91). In conclusion, the respiratory disease continues circulate and rapidly evolved in Egypt during 2020.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Infections Bronchities Virus at Four Selected Districts (Damot Gale, Sodozuri, Humbo and Kindokoy) In Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abebe Garooma Gichile ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis

Infectious bronchitis is an important virial disease affecting poultry production which causes significant economic losses. A cross-sectional study was carried out from November 2019 to January 2020. To estimating the prevalence of infectious bronchitis and determines the risk factors. A total 420 poultry were by a simple random sampling procedure. Data was analyzed using STATA version 11. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the association between prevalence of infectious bronchitis and potential risk factors. From the total 420 poultry examined for infectious bronchitis were found positive. There was significance difference between the risk factors and bronchitis infections. More infectious bronchitis infected poultry were found in kindokoy 90.4%, odd ratio: 0.3 Confidence Interval :0.1-0.7, p = 0.00 than humbo, sodozuri and damotgale. There was high prevalence of infectious bronchitis in gerater than 6 months than less than 3 months and between 3 and 6-month age of poultry. The presence of infectious bronchitis in poultry production might entail morbidity and mortality. Therefore, further detailed molecular epidemiological studies are warranted. Good hygienic and husbandry practices are essential to limit the spread of infection

Avian Leukosis Virus in Hatchable Eggs of Commercial and Free-Range Chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Author(s):  
O.O. Oni ◽  
E.B. Oluwayinka ◽  
N. Bankole ◽  
T. Aroyehun
Keyword(s):  
Malignant Neoplasm ◽  
Avian Leukosis Virus ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Indigenous Chicken ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Indigenous Chickens ◽  
Elisa Technique ◽  
Commercial Breeder ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Avian leukosis is caused by various avian retroviruses which induce a variety of benign and malignant neoplasm in chickens with subsequent economic losses to the poultry industry. A survey of avian leukosis in hatchable eggs of apparently healthy chickens was carried out in an attempt to determine the prevalence of avian leukosis virus (ALV) in exotic breeders and free-range indigenous chickens in Oyo state. A total of 188 (76 exotic breeders and 112 free-range chickens) albumen of hatchable eggs were obtained from 3 different commercial breeder farms and 12 free-range indigenous chicken farms. Eggs were tested by an antigen capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Eleven out of the 76 albumen obtained from eggs of exotic breeders tested positive to ALV antigen which represents 14.5% while 37 of the 112 albumen from free-range indigenous eggs were confirmed as positive representing 33%. Overall prevalence rate of 25% was recorded for all eggs sampled with the highest prevalence of ALV antigen detected in free-range indigenous chickens than the exotic chickens. The results emphasizes the control of the Avian Leukosis transmission by including both exotic and free-range indigenous birds as wells as the use of ALV free eggs in hatcheries

scholarly journals Infectious Bronchitis Virus in Egypt: Genetic Diversity and Vaccination Strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 204
Author(s):  
Hassanein H. Abozeid ◽  
Mahmoud M. Naguib
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Vaccination Strategies ◽  
Avian Pathogen ◽  
Surveillance Programs ◽  
Insight Into

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a highly evolving avian pathogen that has increasingly imposed a negative impact on poultry industry worldwide. In the last 20 years, IBV has been continuously circulating among chicken flocks in Egypt causing huge economic losses to poultry production. Multiple IBV genotypes, namely, GI-1, GI-13, GI-16, and GI-23 have been reported in Egypt possessing different genetic and pathogenic features. Different vaccine programs are being used to control the spread of the disease in Egypt. However, the virus continues to spread and evolve where multiple IBV variants and several recombination evidence have been described. In this review, we highlight the current knowledge concerning IBV circulation, genesis, and vaccination strategies in Egypt. In addition, we analyze representative Egyptian IBV strains from an evolutionary perspective based on available data of their S1 gene. We also provide insight into the importance of surveillance programs and share our perspectives for better control of IBV circulating in Egypt.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity of the Canadian Delmarva (DMV/1639) Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV) on Female Reproductive Tract of Chickens

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2488
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. H. Hassan ◽  
Ahmed Ali ◽  
Sabrina M. Buharideen ◽  
Dayna Goldsmith ◽  
Carla S. Coffin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Reproductive Tract ◽  
Female Reproductive Tract ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Production Sector ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Viral Shedding ◽  
Specific Pathogen

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) infection causes significant economic losses to various sectors of the poultry industry worldwide. Over the past few years, the incidence of false layer syndrome in Eastern Canadian layer flocks has been associated with the increased prevalence of the IBV Delmarva (DMV)/1639 strain. In this study, 1-day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) hens were infected with the Canadian DMV/1639 strain and observed until 16 weeks of age in order to determine if the IBV DMV/1639 strain is causing false layer syndrome. Early after infection, the virus showed a wide tissue distribution with characteristic gross and histopathological lesions in the respiratory tract and kidney. Around 60–70% of the infected hens demonstrated continuous cloacal viral shedding until the end of the experiment (at 16 weeks) which was associated with high IBV genome loads detected in the cecal tonsils. The experiment confirmed the field observations that the Canadian DMV/1639 strain is highly pathogenic to the female reproductive tract causing marked cystic lesions in the oviduct. Moreover, significant histopathological damage was observed in the ovary. Our study provides a detailed description of the pathological consequences of the IBV DMV/1639 strain circulating in an important poultry production sector.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Parasites of Free-Range Chickens – A Worldwide Issue

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
João LOZANO ◽  
Adriana ANA ◽  
Antonio Palomero SALINERO ◽  
Estevam Guilherme LUX HOPPE ◽  
Lídia GOMES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Parasitic Diseases ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Research Studies

Gastrointestinal parasites with direct and/or indirect life cycles, namely Eimeria spp., Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum and Capillaria spp., are responsible for the most frequent and heavy economic losses in aviculture. The current review aimed to collect information about gastrointestinal parasites affecting poultry, as well as, research studies regarding parasitic diseases in free-range chicken production. From the references used in this review, 20% highlight research studies correlating prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in free-range chickens and factors such as the production system, age and animal density, hygienic conditions and weather.Coccidiosis is responsible for the major economic losses in poultry farms. Diseases have different clinical signs and result in variable impacts on animals. Control programs include mainly vaccination, anti-coccidia and anthelminthic drugs, as well as, house cleaning and disinfection. This review concluded that coccidia and helminths are a global threat to free-range poultry production. More research in this area is necessary in order to understand the major factors influencing the prevalence of parasitic diseases in this type of poultry production. Also the search for new control strategies must be a priority, mainly using natural antiparasitic compounds and biological control approaches.

scholarly journals Pretreatment with probiotics ameliorate gut health and necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens, a substitute to antibiotics

AMB Express ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danish Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Dong Zeng ◽  
Abdul Khalique ◽  
Samia Sharafat Rajput ◽  
Hesong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Broiler Performance ◽  
Antibiotic Growth Promoters ◽  
Microbial Strains

AbstractNecrotic enteritis (NE) is being considered as one of the most important intestinal diseases in the recent poultry production systems, which causes huge economic losses globally. NE is caused by Clostridium perfringens, a pathogenic bacterium, and normal resident of the intestinal microflora of healthy broiler chickens. Gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of broiler chicken is considered as the most integral part of pathogen’s entrance, their production and disease prevention. Interaction between C. perfringens and other pathogens such as Escherichia coli and Salmonella present in the small intestine may contribute to the development of NE in broiler chickens. The antibiotic therapy was used to treat the NE; however European Union has imposed a strict ban due to the negative implications of drug resistance. Moreover, antibiotic growth promoters cause adverse effects on human health as results of withdrawal of antibiotic residues in the chicken meat. After restriction on use of antibiotics, numerous studies have been carried out to investigate the alternatives to antibiotics for controlling NE. Thus, possible alternatives to prevent NE are bio-therapeutic agents (Probiotics), prebiotics, organic acids and essential oils which help in nutrients digestion, immunity enhancement and overall broiler performance. Recently, probiotics are extensively used alternatives to antibiotics for improving host health status and making them efficient in production. The aim of review is to describe a replacement to antibiotics by using different microbial strains as probiotics such as bacteria and yeasts etc. having bacteriostatic properties which inhibit growth of pathogens and neutralize the toxins by different modes of action.

scholarly journals Design and Characterization of a DNA Vaccine Based on Spike with Consensus Nucleotide Sequence against Infectious Bronchitis Virus

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Lei Zuo ◽  
Wenjun Yan ◽  
Zhou Song ◽  
Hao Li ◽  
Xin Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nucleotide Sequence ◽  
Dna Vaccine ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibody ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Virus Shedding ◽  
Infectious Bronchitis ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
Cellular Immune

Avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) causes severe economic losses in the poultry industry, but its control is hampered by the continuous emergence of new genotypes and the lack of cross-protection among different IBV genotypes. We designed a new immunogen based on a spike with the consensus nucleotide sequence (S_con) that may overcome the extraordinary genetic diversity of IBV. S_con was cloned into a pVAX1 vector to form a new IBV DNA vaccine, pV-S_con. pV-S_con could be correctly expressed in HD11 cells with corresponding post-translational modification, and induced a neutralizing antibody response to the Vero-cell-adapted IBV strain Beaudette (p65) in mice. To further evaluate its immunogenicity, specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chickens were immunized with the pV-S_con plasmid and compared with the control pVAX1 vector and the H120 vaccine. Detection of IBV-specific antibodies and cell cytokines (IL-4 and IFN-γ) indicated that vaccination with pV-S_con efficiently induced both humoral and cellular immune responses. After challenge with the heterologous strain M41, virus shedding and virus loading in tissues was significantly reduced both by pV-S_con and its homologous vaccine H120. Thus, pV-S_con is a promising vaccine candidate for IBV, and the consensus approach is an appealing method for vaccine design in viruses with high variability.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document