scholarly journals INCREASE INCOME AND MORTALITY OF COLORRECTAL CANCER IN BRAZIL, 2001-2009

2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raphael Mendonça GUIMARÃES ◽  
Paulo Guilherme Molica ROCHA ◽  
Camila Drumind MUZI ◽  
Raquel de Souza RAMOS
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Median Family Income ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Access To Food

ContextSeveral international studies have observed a correlation between the improvement of socio-demographic indicators and rates of incidence and mortality from cancer of the colon and rectum.ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to estimate the correlation between average per capita income and the rate of colorectal cancer mortality in Brazil between 2001 and 2009.MethodsWe obtained data on income inequality (Gini index), population with low incomes (½ infer the minimum wage/month), average family income, per capita ICP and mortality from colon cancer and straight between 2001-2009 by DATASUS. A trend analysis was performed using linear regression, and correlation between variables by Pearson's correlation coefficient.ResultsThere was a declining trend in poverty and income inequality, and growth in ICP per capita and median family income and standardized mortality rate for colorectal cancer in Brazil. There was also strong positive correlation between mortality from this site of cancer and inequality (men r = -0.30, P = 0.06, women r = -0.33, P = 0.05) income low income (men r = -0.80, P<0.001, women r = -0.76, P<0.001), median family income (men r = 0.79, P = 0.06, women r = 0.76, P<0.001) and ICP per capita (men r = 0.73, P<0.001, women r = 0.68, P<0.001) throughout the study period.ConclusionThe increase of income and reducing inequality may partially explain the increased occurrence of colorectal cancer and this is possibly due to differential access to food recognized as a risk factor, such as red meat and high in fat. It is important therefore to assess the priority of public health programs addressing nutrition in countries of intermediate economy, as is the case of Brazil.

scholarly journals A Regression Analysis of the Carbon Footprint of Megacities

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
John A. Paravantis ◽  
Panagiotis D. Tasios ◽  
Vasileios Dourmas ◽  
Georgios Andreakos ◽  
Konstantinos Velaoras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ecological Footprint ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Income Country ◽  
Per Capita

Urbanization and climate change are two major issues that humanity faces in the 21st century. Megacities are large urban agglomerations with more than 10 million inhabitants that emerged in the 20th century. The world’s top 100 economies include many North and South American megacities, such as New York, Los Angeles, Mexico City, Sao Paulo and Buenos Aires; European cities such as London and Paris; and Asian cities such as Tokyo, Osaka, Seoul, Beijing and Mumbai. This paper addresses a dearth of megacity energy metabolism models in the literature. Cross-sectional data for 36 global megacities were collected from many literature and Internet sources. Variables included megacity name, country and region; population; area; population density; (per capita) GDP; income inequality measures; (per capita) energy consumption; household electricity prices; (per capita) carbon and ecological footprint; degree days; average urban heat island intensity; and temperature and precipitation. A descriptive comparison of the characteristics of megacities was followed by ordinary least squares with heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors that were used to estimate four alternative multiple regression models. The per-capita carbon footprint of megacities was positively associated with the megacity GDP per capita, and the megacity ecological footprint; and negatively associated with country income inequality, a low-income country dummy, the country household electricity price, and the megacity annual precipitation. Targeted policies are needed, but more policy autonomy should be left to megacities. Collecting longitudinal data for megacities is very challenging but should be a next step to overcome misspecification and bias issues that plague cross-sectional approaches.

scholarly journals Bolsa Família program and incomplete childhood vaccination in two Brazilian cohorts

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 98
Author(s):  
Francelena de Sousa Silva ◽  
Rejane Christine de Sousa Queiroz ◽  
Maria dos Remédios Freitas Carvalho Branco ◽  
Vanda Maria Ferreira Simões ◽  
Yonna Costa Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Childhood Vaccination ◽  
Outcome Variable ◽  
Economic Class ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Bolsa Familia ◽  
Per Capita

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effect of being a beneficiary of the Bolsa Família Program (BFP) in the vaccination of children aged 13 to 35 months. METHODS: Our study was based on all birth records of residents of Ribeirão Preto (SP) and probabilistic sampling with 1/3 of the births of residents of São Luís (MA), selecting low-income children, born in 2010, belonging to the cohorts Brazilian Ribeirão Preto and São Luís Birth Cohort Studies and eligible for the Bolsa Família program. The information of Cadastro Único (CadÚnico – Single Registry) was used to categorize the receipt of benefit from the BFP (yes or no). The final sample consisted of 532 children in Ribeirão Preto and 1,229 in São Luís. The outcome variable was a childhood vaccine regimen, constructed with BCG, tetravalent, triple viral, hepatitis B, poliomyelitis, rotavirus and yellow fever vaccines. The adjustment variables were: economic class, mother’s schooling and mother’s skin color. Children with monthly per capita family income of up to R$ 280.00 and/or economic class D/E were considered eligible for the benefit of the BFP. A theoretical model was constructed using a directed acyclic graph to estimate the effect of being a beneficiary of the BFP in the vaccination of low-income children. In the statistical analyses, weighing was used by the inverse of the probability of exposure and pairing by propensity score. RESULTS: Considering a monthly per capita family income of up to R$ 280.00, being a beneficiary of the BFP had no effect on the childhood vaccination schedule, according to weighing by the inverse of the probability of exposure (SL-coefficient: −0.01; 95%CI −0.07 to 0.04; p = 0.725 and RP-coefficient: 0.04; 95%CI −0.02 to 0.10; p = 0.244) and pairing by propensity score (SL-coefficient: −0.01; 95%CI −0.07 to 0.05; p = 0.744 and RP-coefficient: 0.04; 95%CI −0.02 to 0.10; p = 0.231). CONCLUSIONS: The receipt of the benefit of the BFP did not influence childhood vaccination, which is one of the conditionalities of the program. This may indicate that this conditionality is not being adequately monitored.

scholarly journals Social support and infant malnutrition: a case–control study in an urban area of Southeastern Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Antonieta de B. L. Carvalhaes ◽  
Maria Helena D'Aquino Benício ◽  
Aluísio J. D. Barros
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Low Income Children ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Control Study

The relationship between malnutrition and social support was first suggested in the mid-1990s. Despite its plausibility, no empirical studies aimed at obtaining evidence of this association could be located. The goal of the present study was to investigate such evidence. A case–control study was carried out including 101 malnourished children (weight-for-age National Center for Health Statistics/WHO 5th percentile) aged 12–23 months, who were compared with 200 well-nourished children with regard to exposure to a series of factors related to their social support system. Univariate and multiple logistic regressions were carried out, odds ratios being adjusted for per capita family income, mother's schooling, and number of children. The presence of an interaction between income and social support variables was also tested. Absence of a partner living with the mother increased risk of malnutrition (odds ratio 2·4 (95 % CI 1·19, 4·89)), even after adjustment for per capita family income, mother's schooling, and number of children. The lack of economic support during adverse situations accounted for a very high risk of malnutrition (odds ratio 10·1 (95 % CI 3·48, 29·13)) among low-income children, but had no effect on children of higher-income families. Results indicate that receiving economic support is an efficient risk modulator for malnutrition among low-income children. In addition, it was shown that the absence of a partner living with the mother is an important risk factor for malnutrition, with an effect independent from per capita family income, mother's schooling, and number of children.

Effect of Socioeconomic Status on Surgery for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1128-1131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Seyedin ◽  
Carrie Luu ◽  
Bruce E. Stabile ◽  
Byrne Lee
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Access To Health Care ◽  
Family Income ◽  
High Income ◽  
Median Family Income ◽  
Resectable Disease ◽  
Income Status

Survival for pancreatic cancer remains poor. Surgical resection remains the only chance for cure. The intent of this study was to investigate the role of socioeconomic status (SES) on resection rates for pancreatic adenocarcinoma. The National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End results database was used to identify patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Disease was deemed resectable or unresectable based on the extent of disease code. Median family income was used as a SES variable to compare patients who underwent resection with those who did not. Median family income was organized into three categories based on definitions from the national census: less than $34,680 (low income), $34,680 to $48,650 (middle), and greater than $48,650 (high income). A total of 5,908 patients with potentially resectable disease were included. A total of 3,331 patients did not have a surgical resection despite having resectable disease. Subgroup analysis of income status revealed that patients with a low or middle income were less likely to have a resection when compared with those with high income (33.0 vs 39.9 vs 45.8%, P = 0.0001). Multivariate analysis revealed that low and middle SES and race were significant predictors of resection. Ongoing study of access to health care may help define the means to eliminate the disparities in the care of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PENDAPATAN TERHADAP KONSUMSI DAGING DAN TELUR DI KECAMATAN SIAU BARAT KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN SIAU TAGULANDANG BIARO

ZOOTEC ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 61
Author(s):  
Irgin V Badoa ◽  
A H.S Salendu ◽  
F. H Elly ◽  
P O.V Waleleng
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Coastal Area ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Chicken Meat ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Egg Consumption ◽  
The Family ◽  
Per Capita

ABSTRACT   EFFECT OF INCOME ON MEAT AND EGG CONSUMPTION IN WEST SIAU DISTRICT OF THE SIAU TAGULANDANG BIARO REGENCY. Generally, coastal farmer community have low income causing consumptions of livestock product are low. West Siau district was including in the Siau Tagulandang Biaro Island regency as the coastal area. Majority of the population of this regency were household farmer and fisher men, causing consumption of livestock product depended on their income. Objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of income on meat and egg consumption in West Siau district. Samples of villages were defined using purposive sampling method, referring to villages with high population staying on the coastal area including villages of Pelingsawang, Peling and Paniki. Data were collected using survey method including primary and secondary data. Household farmers were defined based on simple random sampling with the total of 41 persons. Variables observed were total meat consumption, total egg consumption and income per capita. Data were analyzed by simple regression analysis. Results showed that total income of household farmer were IDR 136,660,000 with the average of IDR 3,333,171 per household farmer per month. Total chicken meat, pork and egg consumptions were 58.5 kg, 27.5 kg and 17.4 kg per month, respectively. Average investment to consume meat and eggs were IDR 122,195 or 3.67 percents of the family income. Average meat consumption at West Siau district were 7.72 kg per capita per year, consisted of chicken meat and pork of 4.84 kg and 2.88 kg per capita per year, respectively. Average of egg consumption were 1.49 kg per capita per year. Therefore, income of the family significantly affected meat and egg consumption in West Siau district of the Siau Tagulandang Biaro regency.   Keywords:  Income, meat and egg   consumption, Siau district.

scholarly journals Limites da lei de cotas nas universidades públicas federais

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Hugo Augusto Vasconcelos Medeiros ◽  
Ruy De Deus E Mello Neto ◽  
Alfredo Macedo Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Middle Schools ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Access To Higher Education ◽  
Low Income Students ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Difference

The paper analyzes if the devices in Brazilian quota law are sufficient to guarantee the aims of the affirmative action, in order to promote democratic access to higher education through a fair redistribution of reserved spots. Firstly, we consider the racial self-declaration as a criterion to decide access to the quota; secondly, the technical difficulties and the possibility of competition inter and intragroup; thirdly, the difference between the percentages of blacks, pardos, indigenes (PPI) and low income students in general population, and the percentages of blacks, pardos, indigenes (PPI) and low income students in the socioeconomic strata used by quota law to define the reserved spots. The criteria for reserved spot distribution comprehend not only the obligation of study all the high school in a public institution, but also devices for calculus of the groups with access with reserved spots, according to four classifications: I-a: students from public middle schools, with per capita family income equal or less than 1,5 minimum wage, and PPI; I-b: students from public middle schools with per capita family income equal to or less than 1,5 minimum wage, no PPI; and II-a: students from public middle schools with per capita family income above 1,5 minimum wage, PPI; II-b: students from public middle schools with per capita family income above 1,5 minimum wage, no PPI. Metodologically, we analyzed documents related to the quota law process, and comparative quantitative analisys of the educational and demographical census is made. We conclude that despite its importance as a landmark to affirmative actions in higher education, quota law doesn’t have the necessary conditions to guarantee a fair distribution of the reserved spots.

Rising Family Income Inequality: The Importance of Sorting

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Debbie Reed ◽  
Maria Cancian
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Income Sources ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
The Impact

The distribution of family income reflects the distribution of personal income and the composition of families. We develop a non-parametric measure of the impact that changes in family income relationships have on the distribution of family income. Using data from Annual Social and Economic Supplement (the March files) of the Current Population Survey (CPS) (1968-2003), we find that changes in "income sorting" account for more than half of the increase in family income inequality in the United States over the last three decades. Furthermore, income sorting accounts for an even larger share of the growing gap between middle-income and low-income families. Our results demonstrate that understanding inequality of economic well-being requires going beyond labor earnings and other income sources to examine the composition and work behavior of families.

The present scenario of colorectal cancer in Southeastern Brazil.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e18782-e18782
Author(s):  
Jose Zago Pulido ◽  
Sabina B. Aleixo ◽  
Narelle Parmanhane ◽  
Luciana Sogame
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
High Income ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Pathological Result ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

e18782 Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world and in Brazil. Most of colorectal cancers (CRC) are sporadic and occur in individuals over the age of 50. Since almost all CRC originate from a polyp , the early detection and excision of an adenomatous polyp is essential to avoid the adenoma-carcinoma sequence that occurs over the years. Most colorectal polyps are asymptomatic and identified during screening colonoscopies or in patients with positive fecal occult blood test . There is evidence that detecting and removing these cancer precursor lesions can prevent many cases of cancer and reduce mortality. The CRC are public health problem in Brazil and fulfills criteria to merit the implementation of a structured screening program. and in this sense, several medical societies recommend screening through organized programs and not just opportunistic as done in Brazil. It is believed that this strategy is related to late diagnosis and has impact on high mortality. Most evidence on CRC screening interventions comes from high-income countries. The large disparities in CRC incidence and mortality rates between high-income and low-income countries are attribute to screening. The study will evaluate the stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis at Southeastern Brazil. Methods: We collected retrospective data of patients with CRC registered in the Hospital Evangélico de Cachoeiro de Itapemirim (HECI) Health Information System - SISRHC from 2010 to 2017 to know the clinical characteristics (TNM) of the patients diagnosed during this period, age and sex. From January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2017, 6,962 newly diagnosed cases of cancer were identified. Of this total, 676 (9.7%) were new cases of colorectal cancer. When submitting to the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the present study 91 cases were excluded (1 case under the age of 18 years; 64 cases that started their first cancer treatment before the pathological result; 26 cases without information from the anatomopathological diagnosis). Data from the remaining 585 cases were analyzed. Results: Among 585 analyzed, the distribution of stage at diagnosis was : 0 (0,68%), I 45 (7,69%), II 109 (18,63%), III 225 (38,45%), IV 129 (22,05%) and 73 (12,48%) had this information missing. Mean age at diagnosis was 62 years, with 411(70,50%) between ages 51-80 years. Regarding sex we found 306 (52,49%) male and 277 (47,51%) female. Conclusions: The results found in the studied population are in agreement with the literature regarding age at diagnosis and sex. Unfortunately demonstrates that most of colorectal,cancer in southeastern region of Brazil are diagnosed in late stages. The lack of screening is an explanation to this fact. Only the implemention of national organized screening program can improve cancer detection and provide better chances of cancer survival.

scholarly journals Dietary Factors in the Control of Gut Homeostasis, Intestinal Stem Cells, and Colorectal Cancer

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Francescangeli ◽  
Maria Laura De Angelis ◽  
Ann Zeuner
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Cancer Stem Cells ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Intestinal Stem Cells ◽  
Intestinal Homeostasis ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Incidence And Mortality

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third commonly diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Global CRC burden is expected to increase by 60% in the next decade, with low-income countries experiencing an escalation of CRC incidence and mortality in parallel to the adoption of western lifestyles. CRC incidence is also sharply increasing in individuals younger than 50 years, often presenting at advanced stages and with aggressive features. Both genetic and environmental factors have been recognized as major contributors for the development of CRC, the latter including diet-related conditions such as chronic inflammation and obesity. In particular, a diet rich in fat and sugars (Western-style diet, WSD) has been shown to induce multiple pathophysiological changes in the intestine linked to an increased risk of CRC. In this scenario, dietary factors have been recently shown to play novel unexpected roles in the regulation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and of the gut microbiota, which represent the two main biological systems responsible for intestinal homeostasis. Furthermore, diet is increasingly recognized to play a key role in the neoplastic transformation of ISCs and in the metabolic regulation of colorectal cancer stem cells. This review illustrates novel discoveries on the role of dietary components in regulating intestinal homeostasis and colorectal tumorigenesis. Particular focus is dedicated to new areas of research with potential clinical relevance including the effect of food components on ISCs and cancer stem cells (CSCs), the existence of CRC-specific microbial signatures and the alterations of intestinal homeostasis potentially involved in early-onset CRC. New insights on the role of dietary factors in intestinal regulation will provide new tools not only for the prevention and early diagnosis of CRC but also for improving the effectiveness of current CRC therapies.

scholarly journals ANALISIS ANGGARAN DINAS PENDIDIKAN INFRASTRUKTUR DAN SEKTOR PERTANIAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN MASYARAKAT DI SULAWESI UTARA

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariance Wilar ◽  
Paulus Kindangen ◽  
Een N. Walewangko
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Capita Income ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Per Capita Income ◽  
The North ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Per Capita

ABSTRAKSalah satu masalah yang dihadapi oleh negara berkembang seperti Indonesia adalah ketimpangan dalam distribusi pendapatan antara masyarakat yang berpendapatan tinggi dengan masyarakat yang berpendapatan rendah. Ketimpangan pendapatan terjadi apabila sebagian besar penduduk memperoleh pendapatan yang rendah, sementara pendapatan yang besar hanya dinikmati oleh sebagian kecil penduduk. Semakin besar perbedaan (senjang) pendapatan yang diterima masing-masing individu menunjukkan semakin besarnya ketimpangan pendapatan antar rumah tangga. Untuk itu diperlukan langkah strategis dalam pelaksanaan pembangunan dari pemerintah daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Utara terutama dalam mengambil kebijaksanaan yang mengarah pada pembangunan ekonomi daerah yang lebih baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh anggaran dinas Pendidikan Provinsi Sulawesi Utara, anggaran infrastruktur dan anggaran sector pertanian terhadap pendapatan perkapita di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh anggaran dinas Pendidikan provinsi Sulawesi Utara, anggaran infrastruktur, anggaran sector pertanian dan pendapatan perkapita terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda dan analisis jalur. Hasil penelitian anggaran pendidikan tidak berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan perkapita, anggaran infrastuktur dan anggaran pertanian berpengaruh signifikan terhadap  pendapatan perkapita. Anggaran pendidikan dan aggaran pertanian tidak berpengaruh terhadap IPM, anggaran infrastruktur dan pendapatan perkapita berpengaruh signifikan terhadap IPM. Anggaran pendidikan, infrastruktur, dan pertanian secara bersama mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap peningkatan pendapatan perkapita dan memberikan pengaruh terhadap perkembangan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia yang ada di Provinsi Sulawesi Utara.Kata Kunci      : Anggaran Pendidikan, Anggaran Infrastruktur, Pendapatan  Perkapita dan IPM ABSTRACT One of the problems faced by developing countries such as Indonesia is the imbalance in income distribution between high-income people and low-income people. Income inequality occurs when a large portion of the population gets low income, while large income is only enjoyed by a small proportion of the population. The greater the difference (gap) of income received by each individual indicates the greater the income inequality between households. The conditions and regional economic potential are basic capital and dominant factors that can be used to achieve development goals in improving people's welfare. For this reason, a strategic step is needed in the implementation of development from the local government of North Sulawesi Province, especially in taking policies that lead to better regional economic development. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the North Sulawesi Provincial Education office budget, infrastructure budget and agricultural sector budget on income per capita in North Sulawesi Province. To find out the influence of the North Sulawesi provincial education office budget, infrastructure budget, agricultural sector budget and per capita income on the Human Development Index in North Sulawesi Province The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis and path analysis. The results of the education budget research do not affect per capita income, the budget for infrastructure and agricultural budgets have a significant effect on per capita income. The education budget and agricultural budget have no effect on HDI, the infrastructure budget and per capita income have a significant effect on HDI. Education, infrastructure, and agriculture budgets together can influence the increase in per capita income and have an influence on the development of the. Human Development Index in North Sulawesi Province. Keywords: Education Budget, Infrastructure Budget, Per capita Income and HDI

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