Noncoding Rnas Emerging as Novel Biomarkers in Pancreatic Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4601-4604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Garajová ◽  
Rita Balsano ◽  
Chiara Tommasi ◽  
Elisa Giovannetti
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Predictive Biomarkers ◽  
Chemotherapy Response ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Metastatic Behavior ◽  
Novel Biomarkers ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Noncoding RNAs play important regulatory roles in diverse biological processes and their misregulation might lead to different diseases, including cancer. Previous studies have reported the evolving role of miRNAs as new potential biomarkers in cancer diagnosis, prognosis, as well as predictive biomarkers of chemotherapy response or therapeutic targets. In this review, we outline the involvement of noncoding RNA in pancreatic cancer, providing an overview of known miRNAs in its diagnosis, prognosis and chemoresistance. In addition, we discuss the influence of non-coding RNAs in the metastatic behavior of pancreatic cancer, as well as the role of diet in epigenetic regulation of non-coding RNAs in cancer, which can, in turn, lead the development of new prevention’s techniques or novel targets for cancer therapy.

scholarly journals Emerging Role of MiR-192-5p in Human Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu-jia Ren ◽  
Yao Yao ◽  
Xiao-yu Cai ◽  
Guo-ying Fang
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Circular Rnas ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Transcriptional Expression ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Infection Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a type of small non-coding RNAs that play an essential role in numerous biological processes by regulating the post-transcriptional expression of target genes. Recent studies have demonstrated that miR-192-5p, a member of the miR-192 family, partakes in several human diseases, especially various cancers, including cancers of the lung, liver, and breast. Importantly, the levels of miR-192-5p are abundant in biofluids, including the serum and urine, and the exosomal levels of miR-192-5p in circulation can aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of various diseases, such as chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection disease. Notably, recent studies suggest that miR-192-5p is regulated by long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs). However, there are no comprehensive overviews on the role of miR-192-5p in human diseases. This review discusses the significant studies on the role of miR-192-5p in various human diseases, with special emphasis on the diseases of the respiratory and digestive systems.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA LIFR-AS1: A New Player in Human Cancers

2022 ◽  
Vol 2022 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Zhiqun Bai ◽  
Xuemei Wang ◽  
Zhen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Clinicopathological Characteristics ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Tumor Proliferation ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor ◽  
Human Cancers

Emerging evidence has indicated that aberrantly expressed long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a vital role in various biological processes associated with tumorigenesis. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor antisense RNA1 (LIFR-AS1) is a recently identified lncRNA transcribed in an antisense manner from the LIFR gene located on human chromosome 5p13.1. LIFR-AS1 regulates tumor proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and drug resistance through different mechanisms. Its expression level is related to the clinicopathological characteristics of tumors and plays a key role in tumor occurrence and development. In this review, we summarize the role of LIFR-AS1 in the development and progression of different cancers and highlight the potential for LIFR-AS1 to serve as a biomarker and therapeutic target for a variety of human cancers.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA: Regulatory Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential in Sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Wang ◽  
Ni Yang ◽  
Ri Wen ◽  
Chun-Feng Liu ◽  
Tie-Ning Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Host Response ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Immune Functions ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Organ Dysfunctions

Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and is characterized by a hyperinflammatory state accompanied by immunosuppression. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are noncoding RNAs longer than 200 nucleotides and have important roles in mediating various biological processes. Recently, lncRNAs were found to exert both promotive and inhibitory immune functions in sepsis, thus participating in sepsis regulation. Additionally, several studies have revealed that lncRNAs are involved in sepsis-induced organ dysfunctions, including cardiovascular dysfunction, acute lung injury, and acute kidney injury. Considering the lack of effective biomarkers for early identification and specific treatment for sepsis, lncRNAs may be promising biomarkers and even targets for sepsis therapies. This review systematically highlights the recent advances regarding the roles of lncRNAs in sepsis and sheds light on their use as potential biomarkers and treatment targets for sepsis.

The Salivary miRNome: A Promising Biomarker of Disease

MicroRNA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tomei ◽  
Harshitha Shobha Manjunath ◽  
Selvasankar Murugesan ◽  
Souhaila Al Khodor
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Circulating Mirnas ◽  
Disease Pathogenesis ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs ranging from 18-24 nucleotides also known to regulate the human genome mainly at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs were shown to play an important role in most biological processes such as apoptosis and in the pathogenesis of many diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recent developments of advanced molecular high-throughput technologies have enhanced our knowledge of miRNAs. MiRNAs can now be discovered, interrogated, and quantified in various body fluids, and hence can serve as diagnostic and therapeutic markers for many diseases. While most studies use blood as a sample source to measure circulating miRNAs as possible biomarkers for disease pathogenesis, fewer studies have assessed the role of salivary miRNAs in health and disease. This review aims at providing an overview of the current knowledge of the salivary miRNome, addressing the technical aspects of saliva sampling and highlighting the applicability of miRNA screening to clinical practice.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition in Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gugnoni ◽  
Ciarrocchi
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Biology ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Multistep Process ◽  
Genomic Studies

Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a multistep process that allows epithelial cells to acquire mesenchymal properties. Fundamental in the early stages of embryonic development, this process is aberrantly activated in aggressive cancerous cells to gain motility and invasion capacity, thus promoting metastatic phenotypes. For this reason, EMT is a central topic in cancer research and its regulation by a plethora of mechanisms has been reported. Recently, genomic sequencing and functional genomic studies deepened our knowledge on the fundamental regulatory role of noncoding DNA. A large part of the genome is transcribed in an impressive number of noncoding RNAs. Among these, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been reported to control several biological processes affecting gene expression at multiple levels from transcription to protein localization and stability. Up to now, more than 8000 lncRNAs were discovered as selectively expressed in cancer cells. Their elevated number and high expression specificity candidate these molecules as a valuable source of biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. Rising evidence currently highlights a relevant function of lncRNAs on EMT regulation defining a new layer of involvement of these molecules in cancer biology. In this review we aim to summarize the findings on the role of lncRNAs on EMT regulation and to discuss their prospective potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in cancer.

scholarly journals Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Pathogenesis and the Emerging Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina R. Hadjicharalambous ◽  
Mark A. Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Pulmonary Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Lung Fibroblast ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Aberrant Expression ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive chronic disease characterized by excessing scarring of the lungs leading to irreversible decline in lung function. The aetiology and pathogenesis of the disease are still unclear, although lung fibroblast and epithelial cell activation, as well as the secretion of fibrotic and inflammatory mediators, have been strongly associated with the development and progression of IPF. Significantly, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as modulators of multiple biological processes, although their function and mechanism of action in IPF is poorly understood. LncRNAs have been shown to be important regulators of several diseases and their aberrant expression has been linked to the pathophysiology of fibrosis including IPF. This review will provide an overview of this emerging role of lncRNAs in the development of IPF.

scholarly journals Studying RNA–DNA interactome by Red-C identifies noncoding RNAs associated with various chromatin types and reveals transcription dynamics

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (12) ◽  
pp. 6699-6714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey A Gavrilov ◽  
Anastasiya A Zharikova ◽  
Aleksandra A Galitsyna ◽  
Artem V Luzhin ◽  
Natalia M Rubanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Messenger Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
K562 Cells ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Intron Splicing ◽  
Rna Molecules ◽  
Proximity Ligation ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Kinetics Of

Abstract Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in various biological processes, including regulating transcription and sustaining genome 3D organization. Here, we present a method termed Red-C that exploits proximity ligation to identify contacts with the genome for all RNA molecules present in the nucleus. Using Red-C, we uncovered the RNA–DNA interactome of human K562 cells and identified hundreds of ncRNAs enriched in active or repressed chromatin, including previously undescribed RNAs. Analysis of the RNA–DNA interactome also allowed us to trace the kinetics of messenger RNA production. Our data support the model of co-transcriptional intron splicing, but not the hypothesis of the circularization of actively transcribed genes.

scholarly journals Long noncoding RNA HCP5 participates in premature ovarian insufficiency by transcriptionally regulating MSH5 and DNA damage repair via YB1

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
pp. 4480-4491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Wang ◽  
Xinyue Zhang ◽  
Yujie Dang ◽  
Duan Li ◽  
Gang Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Dna Damage Repair ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanism ◽  
Premature Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Genetic Etiology ◽  
Ovarian Insufficiency ◽  
Damage Repair

Abstract The genetic etiology of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) has been well established to date, however, the role of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in POI is largely unknown. In this study, we identified a down-expressed lncRNA HCP5 in granulosa cells (GCs) from biochemical POI (bPOI) patients, which impaired DNA damage repair and promoted apoptosis of GCs. Mechanistically, we discovered that HCP5 stabilized the interaction between YB1 and its partner ILF2, which could mediate YB1 transferring into the nucleus of GCs. HCP5 silencing affected the localization of YB1 into nucleus and reduced the binding of YB1 to the promoter of MSH5 gene, thereby diminishing MSH5 expression. Taken together, we identified that the decreased expression of HCP5 in bPOI contributed to dysfunctional GCs by regulating MSH5 transcription and DNA damage repair via the interaction with YB1, providing a novel epigenetic mechanism for POI pathogenesis.

scholarly journals Long Noncoding RNA Plays a Key Role in Metastasis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guangbing Li ◽  
Haohai Zhang ◽  
Xueshuai Wan ◽  
Xiaobo Yang ◽  
Chengpei Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Long Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Cellular Processes

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been attracting immense research interests. However, only a handful of lncRNAs had been thoroughly characterized. They were involved in fundamental cellular processes including regulation of gene expression at epigenetics as well as tumorogenesis. In this paper, we give a systematic and comprehensive review of existing literature about lncRNA involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma. This review exhibited that lncRNAs played important roles in tumorigenesis and subsequent prognosis and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma and elucidated the role of some specific lncRNAs such as MALAT1 and HOTAIR in the pathophysiology of hepatocellular carcinoma and their potential of being therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals Mrhl Long Noncoding RNA Mediates Meiotic Commitment of Mouse Spermatogonial Cells by Regulating Sox8 Expression

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (14) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shubhangini Kataruka ◽  
Vijay Suresh Akhade ◽  
Bhavana Kayyar ◽  
Manchanahalli R. Satyanarayana Rao
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Germ Cells ◽  
Noncoding Rna ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Stem Cell Markers ◽  
Biological Processes ◽  
Meiotic Progression ◽  
Regulatory Link ◽  
Regulatory Loop ◽  
Signaling Activation

ABSTRACT Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important regulators of various biological processes, including spermatogenesis. Our previous studies have revealed the regulatory loop of mrhl RNA and Wnt signaling, where mrhl RNA negatively regulates Wnt signaling and gets downregulated upon Wnt signaling activation. This downregulation of mrhl RNA is important for the meiotic progression of spermatogonial cells. In our present study, we identified the transcription factor Sox8 as the regulatory link between mrhl RNA expression, Wnt signaling activation, and meiotic progression. In contrast to reports from other groups, we report the expression of Sox8 in germ cells and describe the molecular mechanism of Sox8 regulation by mrhl RNA during differentiation of spermatogonial cells. Binding of mrhl RNA to the Sox8 promoter is accompanied by the assembly of other regulatory factors involving Myc-Max-Mad transcription factors, corepressor Sin3a, and coactivator Pcaf. In the context of Wnt signaling, Sox8 directly regulates the expression of premeiotic and meiotic markers. Prolonged Wnt signaling activation in spermatogonial cells leads to changes in global chromatin architecture and a decrease in levels of stem cell markers.

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