Optimization of Polyurethane Membrane Physical Characteristics of Red Seaweed Biomass Using a Box-Behnken Design

The polyurethane membrane is used as a separator either by filtration or adsorption, and this process is significantly affected by its strength and physical condition. We synthesized polyurethane membranes using red seaweed with Gracilaria sp as a hydroxyl source. The Box-Behnken Design of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using Software Design Expert Version 10.0.3.0 with three factors (TRL, TDI, and Glycerin). The F-value of 0.42 suggests that the membrane is less fit, while the P-value of 75.10% indicates that the quadratic design model is suitable for data analysis of physical characteristics. The optimal physical characteristics were obtained at a composition of 0.233 g TRL, 2.675 g TDI, and 0.254 g glycerin with a physical point of 6.5 (strong and elastic). Optimal polyurethane membrane has good thermal and mechanical properties at temperatures of Tg 58 °C, Tm 322 °C, and Td 534 °C, as well as stress and nominal strain values of 69.3 MPa and 5.74%. Polyurethane membrane synthesized from red seaweed has good physical properties. The result of this research is the basis for the development of polyurethane membrane applications from red seaweed.

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HUBUNGAN ANTARA TINGKAT STRES DENGAN KUALITAS TIDUR PADA WARGA BINAAN DI LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN KLAS IIA YOGYAKARTA

Media Ilmu Kesehatan ◽

10.30989/mik.v7i1.262 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 28-33

Author(s):

Dheska Arthyka Palifiana ◽

Ratih Kumorojati

Keyword(s):

Sleep Quality ◽

Stress Level ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Class Ii ◽

Women Prisoners ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

As Stress

Background: To have rest or to sleep is basic need that needed by everyone. To have enough rest or sleep will make body functioned optimally. By sleeping people can restore or to rest the physical after whole day activities, it can reduce stress and anxiety. It also improve concentration and improve ability when doing daily activities. Factors that affect quality and quantity of sleep include ill, fatigue, environment, lifestyle, emotional stress, diet, smoking, stimulant, alcohol, and motivation. The stress level on assisted citizen of woman’s prisoner will be more severe than who are not in prison so as stress can be overcome then the quality of sleep becomes better. Objective:To know the correlation between stress levels and sleep quality on assisted people in woman Penitentiary class II A Yogyakarta. Methods: The research was conducted at women's prison class II A Yogyakarta. Research population was 117 women prisoners. The sample was 50 women prisoners. Type of the research was descriptive analytic research with cross sectional design. Statistical analysis used chi square. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. Results: The stress level was mostly in high category as many as 17 respondents experienced stress (34%). Sleep quality of the respondents were mostly in bad category as many as 38 respondents (76%). There is a correlation between stress level and sleep quality on women prisoners in Penitentiary class II A Yogyakarta with p-value (0.033). Conclusion: There is a correlation between stress level and sleep quality on women prisoners in Penitentiary class II A Yogyakarta. Keywords:Stress level, sleep quality, assisted people, penitentiary

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FAKTOR DURASI MENDERITA DM TIPE 2 MEMPENGARUHI PERUBAHAN KEMAMPUAN EFIKASI DIRI

Jurnal Ilmiah Perawat Manado (Juiperdo) ◽

10.47718/jpd.v8i01.896 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (01) ◽

pp. 52-69

Author(s):

Nurul Kartika Sari ◽

Rivan Firdaus

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Sex Education ◽

Significant Relationship ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

P Value ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Dm ◽

As Stress

Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) cases increased by 776 cases from the previous year based on data from Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Regional Hospital. There are many changes that occur in the life of people with type 2 diabetes, such as stress, anxiety, anger, and feeling useless. These problems can be minimized if the patient also has the knowledge and ability as well as good self-efficacy to manage the disease by doing self-care. Aim: To analyze the factors associated with the self-efficacy of type 2 DM patients. Methods: a quantitative study with a cross sectional approach. The purposive sampling technique for Type 2 DM patients at Abdul Wahab Sjahranie Hospital Samarinda, totaling 60 respondents from September-October 2018. Results: showed a significant relationship between duration of suffering and self-efficacy of DM patients with a p value <0.001, and there was no significant relationship between age, sex, education level, knowledge, motivation and self-efficacy with a p value> 0.001. Conclusion: The duration of type 2 diabetes is related to the patient's self-efficacy ability.

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The Effect of Red Seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Biscuits on Hemoglobin Levels and Body Weight among the First Trimester Pregnant Women

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2021.7426 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (A) ◽

pp. 1019-1023

Author(s):

Salma Salma ◽

Veni Hadju ◽

Jamaluddin Jompa ◽

Stang Stang ◽

Sundari Sundari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Kappaphycus Alvarezii ◽

Community Health Center ◽

Intervention Group ◽

First Trimester ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Red Seaweed ◽

Chi Square

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of anemic pregnant women is still reasonably high, especially in low-middleincome countries. AIM: This study was aimed to assess the effect of giving red seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii) biscuits on changes in hemoglobin (Hb) levels and body weight of pregnant women in the first trimester. METHODS: The study used a quasi-experiment pretest-posttest study design. The study was conducted from April to June 2021 involving pregnant women in the first trimester who living in the working area of the Wapunto Community Health Center, Muna Regency, Indonesia. A total of 45 pregnant women were selected purposively and assigned to three different groups. The first group was given two pieces of red seaweed biscuits per day. The second group was given two pieces of red seaweed biscuits plus Fe tablets (60 mg/day), and the last group was given Fe tablet only (60 mg/day). Chi-square, paired sample t-test, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were performed using SPSS. RESULTS: The intervention group of red seaweed biscuits plus Fe tablets had the highest increase in Hb levels after 8 weeks of intervention, followed by the red seaweed biscuit group and the control group (0.97, 0.78, and 0.60 g/dL, respectively, p-value < 0.05). The red seaweed biscuit intervention group had the highest changes for body weight compared to the red seaweed biscuit plus Fe tablet group and the control group (1.07, 0.43, and 0.04 kg, respectively). CONCLUSION: The provision of red seaweed biscuits could increase maternal Hb level and weight during the first trimester of their pregnancy.

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Assessment of Negative Factors Affecting the Intestinal Microbiota in People with Excessive Body Mass Compared to People with Normal Body Mass

Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecn2020-07010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (1) ◽

pp. 5

Author(s):

Karolina Osowiecka ◽

Natalia Pokorna ◽

Damian Skrypnik

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Mass ◽

Intestinal Microbiota ◽

P Value ◽

Computer Assisted ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Normal Body ◽

Activity Frequency ◽

As Stress ◽

Negative Factors

Rationale: Intestinal microbiota plays a significant role in the human body. A range of negative factors may lead to dysbiosis, which results in many diseases (e.g., cancer) and metabolic disorders. It was shown that people with a body mass index (BMI) of ≥25 kg/m2 present diminished microbial diversity. Additional negative factors such as stress, the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and proton pomp inhibitors (PPI) may result in greater dysbiosis compared to people with normal body mass. The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of negative factors affecting the intestinal microbiota in people with excessive body mass vs. people with normal body mass. Methods: The study involved volunteers aged 18–65 years: 582 people with normal BMI (18.5–24.99 kg/m2) and 538 people with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2. The study was conducted using the author’s survey by the Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing method. The survey included the questions on sociodemographic features, level of physical activity, frequency of smoking, and stress. Frequency of NSAID and PPI use was also investigated. BMI was used to assess nutritional status. For statistics the Fisher test was implemented. p-Value < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Women predominated in the study (p < 0.0001). People with normal BMI had a significantly higher level of physical activity (p < 0.0001) and smoked less (p = 0.0356). People with excessive body mass were less likely to report illness (p = 0.0004), but more often they took PPI (p = 0.0337). Conclusions: People with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 present more factors which may result in dysbiosis and lead to dysbiosis-related health problems in future compared to people with normal BMI.

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A Novel Application of Refinery Merox Unit Wastewater for Bovine Hide Unhairing

Journal of the American Leather Chemists Association ◽

10.34314/jalca.v115i8.3844 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 115 (8) ◽

pp. 301-308

Author(s):

Asgarifard Pourya ◽

Tafreshi Navid ◽

Sharifi Akbar

Keyword(s):

Optimum Condition ◽

Polynomial Equation ◽

Process Time ◽

P Value ◽

Environment Pollution ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Order Polynomial ◽

Tanning Process ◽

Bovine Hide

Unhairing is one of the major steps of the leather tanning process which removes the hairs, epidermis and to some degree inter-fibrillary proteins. This process needs high amounts of chemicals that cause environmental difficulties. On the other hand, these chemicals are available in the wastewater of the Merox unit of Kermanshah Refinery. For reducing chemical consumption and decreasing environment pollution, we used the aforementioned wastewater for bovine unhairing. A unhairing liquor was prepared in order to unhair skins and different parameters such as the concentration of CaCO3 and Na2S, process time, and temperature were considered to evaluate their impact on the unhairing process and to obtain optimum condition. Response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken design was applied to model the unhairing efficiency in terms of four independent variables. A second-order polynomial equation was suggested to predict the response with high certainty. ANOVA revealed the validity and importance of that model by P-value of < 0.0001, large F-values, and, R2 of 98.8. The maximum unhairing efficiency of about 98.5 % was obtained under the optimum condition of 1.7 wt% Na2S, 5.8 wt% CaCO3, 114 min process time and 29.5 ºC.

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THE INFLUENCE OF VARIATION OF HYDROXYPROPYL METHYLCELLULOSE AND TWEEN 80 CONCENTRATIONS ON PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND PHYSICAL STABILITIES GEL OF WATER DRY EXTRACT OF TEMULAWAK

International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research ◽

10.22159/ijcpr.2019v11i6.36340 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 44-48

Author(s):

SEKAR AYU PAWESTRI ◽

TEUKU NANDA SAIFULLAH SULAIMAN

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Software Design ◽

Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose ◽

Water Extract ◽

Tween 80 ◽

Physical Characteristics ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Dry Extract ◽

Design Expert ◽

Optimum Formula

Objective: Water extract of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhizaRoxb.) contains curcumin, which known has antibacterial, antiinflammation, and antifungal activity so that it has potential used as wound healing. The purpose of this study was formulating gel of water extract of temulawak made by variation of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) and tween 80 concentrations and investigating the influence of formulations on physical characteristics and physical stabilities gel. Methods: Gel was made by variation of HPMC and tween 80 concentrations (3,00%: 1,00%; 5,00%: 1,00%; 3,00%: 2,00%; 5,00%; 2,00%). Gel preparations was evaluated the physical characeristics by organoleptic test, homogeneity test, pH, viscosity, spreadability, adhesiveness, and stability. The physical properties were analyzed by software Design Expert 9. Results: The results showed that HPMC has dominant influenced on viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness. HPMC and tween 80 have not influence on organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH of the gel. Optimum formula is HPMC 5,00% and tween 80 1,00%. Optimum formula is stable on organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness; however spreadability of gel is not stable during 3 mo storage. Conclusion: Variation of HPMC and tween 80 concentrations influenced viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness, while they were not influenced on organoleptic, homogeneity, and pH of gel. HPMC had dominant influenced on viscosity, spreadability, and adhesiveness gel.

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Characterization of polypropylene composites reinforced with flax fibers treated by mechanical and alkali methods

Science and Engineering of Composite Materials ◽

10.1515/secm.2011.011 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (1-2) ◽

pp. 79-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Wei Hu ◽

Minh-Tan Ton-That ◽

Johanne Denault ◽

Christian Belanger

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Alkaline Treatment ◽

Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽

Polypropylene Composites ◽

Flax Fibers ◽

Fiber Separation ◽

As Stress

AbstractFlax is a type of natural fiber widely used as reinforcing materials for polymer composites. The commercially available flax fibers in Canada consist of a significant amount of shive and other impurities, which could act as stress concentration regions to negatively affect the mechanical property of composites. In this study, the shive was manually removed from the commercial flax fibers by screening and combing to obtain different shive contents from 0 to 30 wt%. By contrast, the obtained flax fibers were further treated with alkaline solution. The fibers obtained from mechanical and alkali treatment were compared on their thermal and mechanical properties. As expected, it was found that the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the flax reinforced polypropylene composites increased significantly with the removal of the shive content. However, the alkali treatment on flax fiber did not further improve the composites properties. The possible reason was that the proper mechanical treatment (screening and combing) prior to alkaline treatment effectively loosened the fiber bundles for better single fiber separation in matrix and significantly removed the impurities, thus the effect of alkaline treatment did not become obvious.

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Decolorization of Malachite green dye from wastewater by Populus deltoides: three-level Box–Behnken design optimization, equilibrium, and kinetic studies

Journal of Water Reuse and Desalination ◽

10.2166/wrd.2015.085 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 250-263 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Afsaneh Shahbazi ◽

Farnoosh Bagheri Zonoz

Keyword(s):

Malachite Green ◽

Populus Deltoides ◽

Kinetic Studies ◽

Second Order ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

P Value ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Malachite Green Dye ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Adsorbent Dose

Decolorization of Malachite green in aqueous solution by adsorption onto Populus deltoides sawdust (PSD) was optimized through a four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design in response surface methodology. The influences of four independent variables such as initial pH of solution (3–7), dye concentration (50–300 mg/L), adsorbent dose (0.2–2 g/L), and temperature (23–50 °C) were studied to optimize the condition of dye removal. A natural log transformation was suggested by the Box–Cox plot in order to enhance the model significance. Regression analysis showed good fit of the experimental data to the second-order polynomial model with high coefficient of determination values (R2 = 0.996; Radj.2 = 0.9913; Rpred.2 = 0.9769), F-value of 213.03, and p-value of <0.0001 (α = 0.05). Under optimum values of all the four variables, viz., pH of 6.02, initial dye concentration of 262.6 mg/L, adsorbent dose of 0.23 g/L and temperature of 30.3 °C, the maximum uptake (qe) was noted to be 920.9 mg/g. The experimental equilibrium adsorption data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 = 0.9949). Kinetic studies revealed that adsorption followed pseudo-second order. It was found that PSD is suitable for reuse four times in successive adsorption-desorption cycles with loss of 25.2% in adsorption capacity.

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Enhancement of Aeribacillus pallidus lipase production through optimization of medium composition using Box behnken design and its application in detergents formulations

10.21203/rs.2.11777/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Ameni KTATA ◽

karray aida ◽

Ines Mnif ◽

Sofiane BEZZINE

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Response Surface Methodology ◽

Enzyme Activity ◽

Lipase Production ◽

Maximum Activity ◽

Medium Composition ◽

P Value ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Box Behnken Design ◽

Optimized Conditions

Abstract Background Alkaline, thermostable bacterial lipases are very interested at detergent applications, seen that they replace the use of synthetic detergents which cause substantial environmental problems. These enzymes based detergent are eco friendly and produce a waste water with low level of COD. The present study, investigates a newly isolated Aeribacillus pallidus strain produces, without induction, a novel halophilous, thermo-alkaline and detergent- tolerant lipase. Results Considerable interest has been given to this lipase by the improvement of its production by the optimization of the pH, the (C/N) ratio and the inoculums size, using the response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design of experiments. A total of 16 experiments were conducted, and the optimized pH, (C/N) ratio and inoculums size were 10, 1 and 0,3 respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test indicated that the established model was significant (p value < 0.05). Conclusions A 6,68-fold of increase in enzyme activity was revealed under the optimized conditions with the maximum activity of 68 U/ml. Additionally, lipase of Aeribacillus pallidus is considered as a potential candidate for applications in detergent formulations since it displayed a good stability towards detergents and wash performance.

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Optimasi Kombinasi Pati Umbi Gembili (Dioscorea esculenta (Lour.) Burk) dan Pati Umbi Ganyong (Canna edulis Ker.) Sebagai Bahan Pengisi Tablet Ibuprofen dengan Metode Simplex Lattice Design

JPSCR Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research ◽

10.20961/jpscr.v3i2.22304 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Nailul Maghfiroh ◽

Dian Eka Ermawati ◽

Sholichah Rohmani

Keyword(s):

Software Design ◽

P Value ◽

Design Expert ◽

Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice Design ◽

Simplex Lattice

Pati umbi gembili dan ganyong merupakan bahan pangan yang belum banyak pemanfaatannya dalam bidang farmasi terutama sebagai bahan pengisi tablet. Tablet masih populer sebagi sistem penghantaran obat di masyarakat. Penggunaan pati umbi, sebagai bahan pengisi memberikan gagasan baru dan diharapkan dapat mengurangi efek samping ibuprofen pada lambung, yang biasanya dikonsumsi bersamaan dengan makanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui proporsi kombinasi optimum campuran pati gembili-ganyong yang menghasilkan sifat fisik granul, tablet dan disolusi sesuai persyaratan tablet yang baik. Optimasi proporsi pati gembili-ganyong menggunakan metode Simplex Lattice Design dengan Software Design Expert. Tablet ibuprofen dibuat dengan metode granulasi basah dalam 8 formula dari SLD dengan respon stabilitas fisik : waktu alir, keseragaman bobot, dan waktu hancur. Formula dengan respon tertinggi merupakan formula optimum. Hasil pengujian formula optimum dengan hasil prediksi SLD dilakukan uji statistika menggunakan analisa statistika uji-t, selanjutnya dilakukan uji disolusi. Hasil optimasi menunjukkan nilai perbandingan pati umbi gembili-ganyong yang optimum adalah 82,11% : 17,89%. Hasil analisa statistika uji-t dari formula optimum dengan formula prediksi SLD tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan nilai p-value > 0,05. Hasil sifat fisik formula optimum ibuprofen meliputi; waktu alir sebesar 4,92 detik ± 0,46 dan sudut diam 26,960 ± 1,35; keseragaman tablet 501,72 mg ± 2,29; kekerasan 7,45 Kg ± 0,38; kerapuhan 0,81% ± 0,01; waktu hancur 9,16 menit ± 0,75; kadar zat aktif tablet 92,49%-105,76% dan uji disolusi dengan nilai DE% sebesar 78,25%.

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