scholarly journals Factores Incidentes en la Participación de la Mujer en el Mercado Laboral Hondureño, 2013

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Kenia Maryorie Meza-Hernández ◽  
José Bayardo Cabrera-Rosales ◽  
Mario Josué Ramos-Canales
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Para Determinar

ResumenEn el presente artículo se aborda el tema de la participación laboral de la mujer en Honduras, donde para el año 2013 la mujer representó un 52.8% de la Población en Edad de Trabajar (PET) y un 36.5% de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA). En el artículo se indica la importancia de la inserción femenina en el mercado laboral, debido a ello se realiza un análisis de los factores que inciden en su participación. El objetivo principal del estudio es determinar la incidencia de variables relevantes para la inserción de la mujer dentro de la Población Económicamente Activa (PEA). Además se realiza un análisis descriptivo de la situación de la mujer en el mercado laboral hondureño. La investigación es de corte cuantitativo y por ende se realiza un modelo de regresión lineal para determinar la probabilidad de inserción de la mujer en el mercado laboral. El modelo determinó que entre los factores que impactan en forma negativa: es el estado conyugal, si la fémina es pobre y si recibe remesas familiares; mientras que, la edad, el nivel educativo alcanzado, la rama de activa en que se desempeña y si es jefe de hogar guardan una relación positiva en la probabilidad que se inserte en las filas de la población activa, no obstante, la zona o dominio donde reside y si recibe transferencias del gobiernos mostraron ser poco significativas dentro del estudio.Palabras claves: Inserción laboral de la mujer, población en edad de trabajar, población económicamente activa. AbstractThis article presents the topic of the labor participation of women in Honduras; in 2013, women represented 52.8% of the working-age population and 36.5% of the economically active population (EAP). The article indicates the importance of female insertion in the labor market, that’s why an analysis of the factors that affect their participation is carried out. The main objective of the study is to determine the incidence of relevant variables in the insertion of women within the Economically Active Population (EAP). In addition, a descriptive analysis of the situation of women in the Honduran labor market is carried out. The research is a quantitative one; a linear regression model is performed to determine the probability of insertion of women in the labor market.The model determined that among the negatively impacting factors are marital status, if the female is poor and if she receives family remittances; While, the age, the educational level, the branch of activity in which she performs and if she is a head of household keep a positive relation in the possible insertion in the lines of the active population, nevertheless, the zone or domain where she resides and if she receives transfers of the government showed little significance in the study.Key words: Employment of women, economically active population, working age population ResumoNeste artigo, é abordada a questão da participação do trabalho das mulheresemHonduras, ondeem 2013 as mulheresrepresentavam o 52,8% da populaçãoemidade activa e um36,5% da populaçãoeconomicamenteativa.No artigo destaca-se a importância das mulheres que entram no mercado de trabalho,desenvolvendoseumaanálisedoisfatores que afetamnasuaparticipação. O objetivo principal do estudo é determinar a incidência de variáveis relevantes parainserção da mulhernapopulaçãoeconomicamente activa .Também e apresentadaumaanálisedescritiva da situação das mulheres no mercado de trabalhona Honduras.A pesquisa tevecaráterquantitativa eportantoé feitoum modelo de regressão linear para determinar a probabilidade de inclusão da mulher no mercado detrabalho. O modelo revelou que entre os fatores que impactam negativamenteencontram-se: estado civil, se a fêmea é pobre e se receberemessas familiares; enquanto que,a idade, o nível de instrução, o ramo de atividade que executa, se forchefe de familia é positivamente relacionada com a probabilidade de que seja inserida nas filas dapopulação activa, no entanto, a zona oudomínioonde reside e recebe transferencias do governomostraram ser insignificantes no estudo. Palavras chave: inserção laboral da mulher, populaçãoemidade activa, população economicamente activa.   

scholarly journals SOCIAL POLICY OF JAPAN IN THE LABOR MARKET FOR OLDER AND DISABLED PEOPLE

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.T. Balakaeva ◽  
◽  
К. Shyntasova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Social Spending ◽  
Retirement Age ◽  
Disabled People ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Voluntary Basis

This article examines the state policy of Japan in the labor market for older and disabled people in the changing demographic situation associated with a decrease in the birth rate, an aging population and a reduction in the country's working-age population. Against the background of increasing social spending, the government is trying to solve the problem of labor shortages by increasing the employment of older people, of course on a voluntary basis. The government's measures are shown to increase the retirement age and to reduce the distance between the retirement age and the maximum permissible age of employment of employees (teinen). The data on changes in the structure of workers' employment after reaching teinen are presented. The policy of attracting disabled people to the labor market in order to improve their social status, improve living conditions and positively influence the economic situation is revealed. Both achievements and shortcomings in solving this issue are noted.

Missed Call: The Smartphone and Job Creation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Job Creation ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Formal Employment ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
Nations Development ◽  
Local Term ◽  
New Jobs

In the summer of 2015, the government of Uttar Pradesh began putting out advertisements looking for “peons”—the local term for low-ranking office helpers. UP, as the state is known, is home to more than 200 million Indians, packed into an area about the size of Texas (which has one-seventh as many inhabitants). Fittingly, UP needed a small army of new peons: in all, 368 jobs were posted. A very strange thing happened next. Applications poured in. After a painstaking survey that took weeks, 2.3 million résumés were counted. There were 6,250 candidates for each available position. Some of the applicants had doctorates. While peon jobs are stable—even respectable—they are by no means glamorous. Peons are usually the first people one sees at Indian government offices, dressed in shabby, faded khaki uniforms; their work involves tracking down dusty files, fetching tea, and ushering in guests. Salaries range from just $150 to $250 a month. The question is why these low-skill, low-paying jobs were in such high demand. There are several possible explanations. First, $250 a month may sound like a pittance, but it is not insignificant: it amounts to nearly double the median national salary. Second, peons are influential gatekeepers in Indian bureaucracy. If you need to see a local officer, a small bribe can go a long way. But workplace corruption is hardly something young, idealistic Indians aspire to (let alone the ones with doctorates). Something deeper was going on. A third possibility is that India simply isn’t creating enough jobs. A 2016 report by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) revealed that India’s working-age population expanded by 300 million between 1991 and 2013. But during those same twenty-two years, the UNDP says, the economy created just 140 million new jobs. Put another way, 160 million working-age Indians were without formal employment. Job creation is the number one headache for India’s policymakers. By some estimates, India needs to create a million new jobs every month simply to keep pace with the gush of new entrants to the workforce. There is little evidence that India has a plan to meet this demand.

scholarly journals Socio-hygienic factors affecting the health of working-age population of Moscow region (on example of city of Domodedovo)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 387-396
Author(s):  
I.V. Lebedeva ◽  
◽  
Y.A. Olenin ◽  
V.S. Gziryan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Urban Population ◽  
Social Factor ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Government

BACKGROUND: Human resources are the most important wealth of the country, which directly determines the welfare of the country, and the main production force is the working population. In addition, the working-age population mostly consists of men and women of fertile age, i.e. capable of reproduction of the population. Therefore, the study of the state of health and socio-hygienic factors that influence it in the working population is the most important task of the government. AIM: To identify and study social and hygienic factors that influence the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region at the beginning of XXI century. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We have developed a questionnaire containing more than 100 questions with multiple answers, covering social, hygienic and medical issues. A sociological study was conducted among men and women of the working age who turned to the city polyclinic of Domodedovo for medical care. The analysis of sociological data was carried out with the multivariate mathematical statistics methods used in the study of statistically related signs in order to identify a certain number of factors hidden from direct observation — factor analysis using Cattell test. RESULTS: Five socio-hygienic factors were identified (“social factor”, “health status factor”, “demographic factor”, “health care satisfaction factor”, “health care availability factor”), arranged by the load size and significance. They play a role in formation of health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and are closely related to each other. CONCLUSION: The obtained socio-hygienic factors have a considerable influence on health and permit to assess the risks affecting the health of the working-age urban population of the Moscow region and to precisely act on them by both municipal and regional administrative authorities, which in the future may also influence the demographic parameters. Social and hygienic factors are more correlated with the concept of “quality of life”, and this is actually a complex characteristic of the conditions of the life activity of the population, which is expressed in objective parameters and subjective assessments of the satisfaction of financial, social and cultural needs, taking into account the system of values and social standards.

The Composition of Labor Supply and Its Evolution from 2010 to 2016 in Jordan

2019 ◽  
pp. 11-42
Author(s):  
Ragui Assaad ◽  
Caroline Krafft ◽  
Caitlyn Keo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Supply ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Labor Force Participation ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Place Of Residence ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

This chapter investigates the changing character of labor supply in Jordan from 2010 to 2016. We examine recent demographic developments as well as the rapid increases in educational attainment among Jordanians. A particular focus of the chapter is on the demographic changes, such as the large increase in the working age population, generated by the recent refugee influx. Labor force participation, as well as its components of unemployment and employment, are examined using a variety of definitions. We examine differential patterns of participation by age, sex, education, and place of residence. Data from the Jordan Labor Market Panel Surveys of 2010 and 2016 are supplemented with annual data from the Jordanian Employment and Unemployment Survey (EUS) for the intervening years.

scholarly journals Unemployment Invariance

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marika Karanassou ◽  
Dennis J. Snower
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Labor Force ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Capital Stock ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Invariance Hypothesis ◽  
Working Age Population

Abstract This paper provides a critique of the ‘unemployment invariance hypothesis’, according to which the behavior of the labor market, by itself, ensures that the long-run unemployment rate is independent of the size of the capital stock, productivity and the labor force. In the context of an endogenous growth model, we show that the labor market alone need not contain all the equilibrating mechanisms to ensure unemployment invariance; in particular, other markets may perform part of the equilibrating process as well. By implication, policies that raise the growth path of capital or increase the effective working-age population may influence the long-run unemployment rate.

scholarly journals Gender and demographic features of the labor market of the Republic of Tuva: trends and prospects

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-130
Author(s):  
Organa Natsak
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Female Population ◽  
Regional Labor Market ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Gender Profile ◽  
Demographic Features

The article analyzes the gender and demographic features of the labor market of the Republic of Tuva: the structure and rate of employment and unemployment in gender dimension and historic retrospect covering the period of Tuva People's Republic (1921-1944), the Soviet and post-Soviet stages of history. On the basis of statistical data it is shown that from 1945 began predominance of female population in the demographic structure of the republic that is characteristic of modern Tuva. The author makes an attempt to give a historic explanation of this turn. The article shows changes in the ratio of male to female population of Tuva from 1931 to 2020 using various statistic sources and data. In the features of the gender profile of the regional labor market, the author identifies demographic, socio-cultural and economic factors determining it, in particular, the reasons for withdrawal of men from the economically active population in certain age groups. The article substantiates the thesis that, despite the steady trend of reducing unemployment in the republic in 2017, 2018, 2019, the issue of male employment remains acute. It also shows the level of demographic burden on the working-age population of the Republic of Tuva connected with the specifics of reproductive behavior of the population of the republic, namely, high birth rates, as well as the emerging trend of increasing the proportion of people over the working age due to the positive dynamics of increasing life expectancy in the republic.

scholarly journals THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND LABOR MARKET CONDITIONS OF RURAL MUNICIPALITIES IN THE KUJAWSKO-POMORSKIE VOIVODESHIP

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-128
Author(s):  
Mateusz Jankiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Labor Market Conditions ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
The Development Strategy ◽  
Spatial Dependencies ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population

The purpose of this paper was to assess the impactof demographic conditions on the labor market situationin the Kujawsko-Pomorskie voivodeship, consideringthe spatial dependencies prevailing in the municipality systemin 2004–2015. The problem of reducing inequalities inthe voivodeship’s labor market was also addressed. Accordingto the Development Strategy of the Kujawsko-Pomorskievoivodeship until 2020, the main objective is to improve thecompetitiveness of the voivodeship’s economy which wouldresult in increased employment, especially in the region’srural areas. This aspect of development may be affected bydemographic processes (e.g. changes in the share of the working-age population in the total population). The labor marketand the demographic situation in the region under considerationwere assessed based on the spatial taxonomic measure ofdevelopment. Panel data models were evaluated to verify therelationships between the examined aspects of regional development.Supporting the analysis was a labor market convergencemodel developed to verify the hypothesis of inequalitiesreduction in the labor market.

scholarly journals Actual challenges of labor market and their gender implications for employment

POPULATION ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-148
Author(s):  
Zoya A. Khotkina
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Gender Segregation ◽  
Women's Employment ◽  
Women’S Employment ◽  
Research Issues ◽  
Main Research ◽  
The Government ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
The Impact

The main research issues discussed in the article concern the impact of technological and epidemiological challenges on the employment of women and men, as well as the reasons for their asymmetric impact on employees depending on gender. The choice of these two challenges is determined, on the one hand, by their relevance, and on the other, by the fact that, although they are fundamentally different in both character and duration of their impact on the labor market, the consequences of their impact on women’s employment are the same and in both cases lead to job losses. The article shows that the same consequences for women’s employment from such different challenges are not accidental. This is due to the fact that the causes and risk factors of priority job loss for women as a result of the technological and epidemiological challenges are identical, since they are based on gender segregation of employment in the labor market, which divides jobs and entire industries into «male» and «female». In the technological challenge, the reason for the priority and more widespread loss of jobs by women is due to the fact that they are more often than men engaged in routine work in which is a large proportion of repetitive operations that are easy to automate and delegate to robots or artificial intelligence (AI). During the epidemiological challenge, more “female” than “male” jobs fell into the risk zone of unemployment, because as a result of self-isolation most enterprises and organizations in the service sphere, such as shopping centers, hairdressers and beauty salons, hotels and boarding houses, museums and libraries were closed, as well as airports and travel agencies — and all these enterprises employed mainly women. On account of the high risk of unemployment, these activities were included in the “List of economy sectors most affected by coronavirus” developed by the Government to provide priority targeted support. However, according to the information from the Ministry of Finance, less than a fifth of the service sector organizations and individual entrepreneurs will be able to receive this assistance, and therefore it is unlikely to avoid an increase in female unemployment.

Management of modern demographic policy in the Russian Federation and its impact on the long-term formation of the labor market

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
I.Y. Eremina ◽  
A.V. Chuprova ◽  
V.M. Akker
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
The State ◽  
Demographic Situation ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Working Age ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Demographic Policy

The article examines the current demographic situation in Russia and assesses its impact on the long-term formation of the labor market. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by the fact that in recent decades the state of the demographic situation in Russia is unsatisfactory. There are a number of features that slow down the development of the state. Firstly, it is a decrease in the population, secondly, the aging of the economically active population, and thirdly, the high mortality rate of men in working age.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Analysis of Female Employment in Senegal

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (241) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian Malta ◽  
Angelica Martinez ◽  
Marina Mendes Tavares
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Overlapping Generations ◽  
Female Employment ◽  
Overlapping Generations Model ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Impact

Female-to-male employment in Senegal increased by 14 percentage points between 2006 and 2011. During the same period years of education of the working age population increased 27 percent for females and 13 percent for males, reducing gender gaps in education. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the impact of this increase in education on female employment in Senegal. To that end, we build an overlapping generations model that captures barriers that women face over their life-cycle. Our main findings are: (i) the improvement in years of education can explain up to 44 percent of the observed increased in female-to-male employment ratio and (ii) the rest can be explained by a decline in the discrimination against women in the labor market.

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