The Opinion of Employees and Children Living in Foster Care Homes About Romanian National Clean Air Legislation on Tobacco Smoking

AbstractThis study aims to assess the awareness and opinions of employees and children living in foster care homes about the Romanian Clean Air Legislation. The assessment was performed six months after the implementation of the antitobacco legislation (Romanian Law no.15/2016), in three Romanian counties (Alba, Mures, and Covasna) including 178 employees and 368 children from 59 foster care homes. Data were collected using an anonymous paper and pencil questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and chi-square test were used for data analysis (significant difference if p < 0.05). Almost one third of the employees and children were smokers from the forest care homes. Nearly, all the employees and most of the children were aware of the legislation, most of them have also noticed some kind of measures taken by foster care homes against smoking. As claimed by smokers, almost two-thirds of them smoked like they used to do before the legislation, more than a quarter stated that they decreased the number of daily smoked cigarettes and nearly a quarter intended to quit smoking in the future. A half year after the implementation of the legislation most of the employees and children living in foster care homes admitted that they knew about the change and it affected their smoking habits. Most of them have also observed some kind of measures taken against smoking. Despite these measures there were still smokers in the foster care homes, so there would be a need for more campaigns against smoking in the future.

Download Full-text

Comparison of Results from Inpatient and Outpatient Treatment of Tuberculosis in Republic of Macedonia

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2015.050 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 337-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ljiljana Simonovska ◽

Biljana Ilievska-Popovska

Keyword(s):

Treatment Outcome ◽

Data Analysis ◽

Inpatient Treatment ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Treatment Phase ◽

Statistical Data Analysis ◽

Chi Square ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Entire Treatment

BACKGROUND: The successful treatment of patients with active tuberculosis is one of the priorities in the Tuberculosis Control Programs.AIM: The aim was to establish whether there was a statistically significant difference in the treatment outcome in patients with tuberculosis who began their initial treatment phase and/or pursued it as inpatient, as opposed to patients with tuberculosis who underwent their entire treatment regime as outpatient. Moreover, our goal was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in the outcome from the treatment between patients with tuberculosis who were hospitalized up to one month, two months, or more than two months.MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study includes 355 patients, divided into two groups. The first group, which consists of 219 patients, began their initial treatment phase as inpatient, and then they continued the treatment as outpatient. The second group, 136 patients, underwent their entire treatment as outpatient. The treatment outcome is determined with every patient (cured, treatment completed, treatment default, treatment failed, died, treatment in progress). For the statistical data analysis and for establishing the significance of the findings regarding the differences between the two groups we used the Pearson Chi-Square Test and the Yates Corrected Test.RESULTS: The statistical analysis with the Pearson Chi-Square Test showed that the treatment outcome does not significantly depend on the model of treatment (p = 0.31). The statistical data analysis showed that there is no statistically significant difference in the achievement of conversion of the bacterial result of the sputum at the end of the initial phase of treatment regarding the studied groups (p = 0.89). The statistical data analysis showed that the length of inpatient treatment affects the outcome of the treatment and that the difference is statistically highly significant (p < 0.00005).CONCLUSION: There are no statistically significant differences in the sputum conversion and the treatment outcome among inpatient/outpatient with tuberculosis or outpatient only; however, the length of inpatient treatment is statistically significant regarding its effect on the treatment outcome.

Download Full-text

Profile consumption of sheep meat front to animal welfare in the view of producers and consumers

Research Society and Development ◽

10.33448/rsd-v9i10.8158 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. e089108158

Author(s):

Renata Espíndola de Moraes ◽

Mauricio Fornalski Soares ◽

Ricardo Zambarda Vaz ◽

Giselda Maria Pereira ◽

Mabel Wiegand Mascarenhas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Animal Welfare ◽

Breeding System ◽

Meat Consumption ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Public ◽

Sheep Meat ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The City

The objective of this study was to investigate sheep meat: consumption habits, knowledge of producers and consumers about aspects related to animal welfare and the acceptance of certified products. 417 potential sheep meat consumers were interviewed using questionnaires. The interviewees were selected during the 92 Expo Feira de Pelotas and at strategic points of sale of meat such as: butchers, meat boutiques and supermarkets, located in the city of Pelotas. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with frequency distribution being compared using the chi-square test, or the Kruskal Wallis test to compare the means. Of those surveyed, 34% claim to consume sheep meat at least once a month and only 6% declared not to consume this product. Regarding the importance of animal welfare practices, 39% consider that this activity is extremely important, also, 90% said they are concerned about how animals are raised and slaughtered and 87.8% consider it important to learn more about the breeding system before consuming the product. Producers and people of rural origin have a greater knowledge of the rules that govern animal welfare compared to consumers and people of urban origin. Among those interviewed, 90.1% stated that they would buy the product with an animal welfare certification seal and 74.2% would pay more to obtain a guarantee that the animals were raised under animal welfare standards. It is evident that there is concern among the public interviewed about the adoption of animal welfare practices, however, the knowledge of the consumer of sheep meat on this subject is still restricted.

Download Full-text

Pengaruh Niat Ibu, Kondisi Masa Nifas, Kelancaran Produksi ASI terhadap Keputusan untuk Menyusui

Window of Midwifery Journal ◽

10.33096/wom.vi.8 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-13

Author(s):

Nia Karuniawati ◽

Andi Masnilawati ◽

Linda Hardianti Saputri

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Breast Milk ◽

Health Center ◽

Research Design ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Future ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Study Population ◽

Control Study

Program ASI eksklusif, yaitu memberikan ASI saja sejak bayi lahir sampai usia 6 bulan. Program ini dimaksudkan agar bayi dapat bertumbuh dan berkembang secara sehat dan normal. Target cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif mulai tahun 2010 ditetapkan 80% dari jumlah kelahiran bayi, secara nasional cakupan pemberian ASI di Indonesia berfluktuasi dan menunjukkan kecendrungan menurun dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuktikan pengaruh niat ibu, kondisi masa nifas, dan kelancaran produksi ASI terhadap keputusan ibu untuk menyusui. Design penelitian ini adalah cas control study. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ibu menyusui yang berada di Puskesmas Rappokalling Makassar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menguji pengaruh hubungan variabel yang diteliti dengan menggunakan uji chi square. ASI eksklusif, yaitu memberikan ASI saja sejak bayi lahir sampai usia 6 bulan. Program ini dimaksudkan agar bayi dapat bertumbuh dan berkembang secara sehat dan normal. Target cakupan pemberian ASI eksklusif mulai tahun 2010 ditetapkan 80% dari jumlah kelahiran bayi, secara nasional cakupan pemberian ASI di Indonesia berfluktuasi dan menunjukkan kecendrungan menurun dalam 3 tahun terakhir. Tujuan penelitian adalah membuktikan pengaruh niat ibu, kondisi masa nifas, dan kelancaran produksi ASI terhadap keputusan ibu untuk menyusui. Design penelitian ini adalah cas control study. Populasi dan sampel penelitian ibu menyusui yang berada di Puskesmas Rappokalling Makassar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menguji pengaruh hubungan variabel yang diteliti dengan menggunakan uji chi square. Exclusive breastfeeding program, which is giving breast milk only from a baby born to the age of 6 months. This program so that babies can grow and develop normally and normally. The target of approving exclusive breastfeeding starting in 2010 is 80% of the total number of babies born, national approval approved by ASI in Indonesia fluctuates and shows a tendency to increase in the last 3 years. The purpose of the study was to prove the intention of the mother, the future conditions of childbirth, and the smoothness of the production of breast milk towards the decision of the mother to care.This research design is a cash control study. Population and study sample of breastfeeding mothers at the Makassar Rappokalling Health Center. Data analysis was carried out by comparing the effect of relationships carried out using the chi square test.

Download Full-text

Unveiled the Impact of IFRS on Indian Corporate Sector

Think India ◽

10.26643/think-india.v22i2.7752 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 19-25

Author(s):

Neelam Yadav ◽

Shurveer S. Bhanawat

Keyword(s):

Financial Reporting ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Survey Method ◽

Corporate Sector ◽

Chi Square ◽

Accounting Standard ◽

Financial Reporting Standards ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Impact

IFRSs are International Financial Reporting Standards, which are issued by the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB)1. IFRS is the globally accepted accounting standards. Indian accounting standard is converged with IFRS and called (IND AS). The objective of this paper is to examine the challenges and benefits of adoption of full-fledged IFRS in India. For the study, the survey method has been conducted. For data analysis, descriptive statistics and chi-square test have been used. Descriptive statistics results found the most effective, serious benefits and challenges on the basis of higher rank of mean score. Results of chi-square test revealed that there is no significant difference among different benefits and challenges available after the adoption of full-fledged IFRS, every benefit and challenge have equal importance for the Indian corporate sector.

Download Full-text

Avocado Production and Local Trade in the Southern Highlands of Tanzania: A Case of an Emerging Trade Commodity from Horticulture

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9110749 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 749 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Juma ◽

Fors ◽

Persson Hovmalm ◽

Nyomora ◽

Fatih ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Value Chain ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Average Price ◽

Chi Square ◽

Face To Face ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Good Proportion

Avocado crop in Tanzania is sparingly investigated regardless of being an important fruit commodity. This study was undertaken to explore the yield and the value chain of this crop in the country. Data were collected mainly by face-to-face interviews with 275 avocado farmers, 231 avocado traders and 16 key informants. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and one-way analysis of variance were used for data analysis. The average crop yield ranged from 76 to 124 kg plant−1 between regions. The average price for the farmers’ produce ranged from US$ 0.30 to 0.45 kg−1 between regions. About 72% of the farmers were dissatisfied with avocado business whereas 79% of the traders were pleased with it. A number of challenges were found hindering the development of the avocado industry in Tanzania, which in turn affects the fruit yield and the value chain. Addressing these challenges at the national, regional, district and village levels is important for improving the livelihood of Tanzanian farmers growing this crop, given the fact that a good proportion of the country’s population is employed in the agricultural sector and most of the reported challenges also affect the value chain of other crops.

Download Full-text

Dental patient's knowledge and perceptions about the effects of smoking and role of dentists in smoking cessation activities

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.130605 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (02) ◽

pp. 216-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Poonam Sood ◽

Ridhi Narang ◽

V. Swathi ◽

Litik Mittal ◽

Kunal Jha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smoking Cessation ◽

Oral Health ◽

Smoking Prevention ◽

Chi Square ◽

Dental Patients ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Prevention Counseling

ABSTRACT Objectives: The objective of the following study is to assess the knowledge of patients about the consequences of smoking on the general and oral health, to analyze the patient's perceptions about the role of dentists in smoking prevention, counseling and cessation and to analyze the willingness of smokers to quit smoking following dentist's advice. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in a sample of 486 dental patients visiting Vokkaligara Sangha Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluruin the month of August 2011 using a self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test was performed to analyze data. Results: The patients had good knowledge about the effects of smoking on general and oral health. Statistically significant difference was observed in the knowledge of smokers and non-smokers about the effects of smoking on ageing (P = 0.008) and oral cancer (P = 0.0012). Patients had a positive perception about the role of dentists in smoking cessation activities. Smokers exhibited a willingness to quit if suggested by the dentist. Conclusion: Patients perceive that dentists can play an important part in smoking cessation activities. Hence, dentists should not hesitate to give smoking cessation advice to their patients and grasp this opportunity to improve the general and oral health of the community.

Download Full-text

Cross-Sectional Survey on Quitting Attempts among Adolescent Smokers in Dharan, Eastern Nepal

Journal of Addiction ◽

10.1155/2016/6859291 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Pranil Man Singh Pradhan ◽

Kedar Marahatta

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Chi Square ◽

Global Youth Tobacco Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Adolescent Smokers ◽

Quit Smoking ◽

The Future ◽

Chi Square Test

Background. Adolescents frequently attempt smoking cessation but are unable to maintain long term abstinence because they are dependent on nicotine and experience withdrawal symptoms.Objectives. This study aimed to explore the quitting attempts among adolescent smokers in Dharan Municipality of Eastern Nepal.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted using pretested self-administered questionnaire adapted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess current smokers and quitting attempts among 1312 adolescent students in middle (14-15 years) and late adolescence (16–19 years). Chi square test was used for association of various factors with quitting attempts.Results. The prevalence of current smoking was 13.7%. Among the current smokers, 66.5% had attempted to quit in the past because they believed smoking was harmful to health (35.5%). The median duration of quitting was 150 days. Nearly 8% of the current smokers were unwilling to quit in the future because they thought it is already a habit (60%). Smokers who are willing to quit smoking in the future were more likely to have made quitting attempts (OR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.40–4.45).Conclusion. Relapse often occurs even after multiple quitting attempts. Tobacco focused interventions to support abstinence are important during adolescence to prevent habituation.

Download Full-text

The Influence of Age and Gender on Mandibular Indices among the Libyan Population

Journal of Oral & Dental Health ◽

10.33140/jodh.03.02.2 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Negative Correlation ◽

Bone Mineralization ◽

Age Groups ◽

T Test ◽

Chi Square ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

And Gender ◽

Libyan Population

Radiographic Mandibular Indices serve as easy and relatively cheap tools for evaluating bone mineralization. Objectives: To examine the effect of age and gender on three mandibular indices: the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), the mandibular ratio (MR) and the mandibular cortical index (MCI), among Libyan population. Methods: The three indices were measured on 317 digital (OPGs) of adult humans (155 males, 162 females). The sample was divided into six age groups (from 18-25 years through 56-65 years). The measurements were analyzed for interactions with age and sex, using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Studies) software version no. 22. The tests employed were two way ANOVA, the unpaired T-test and chi-square test. Results: The mean PMI fluctuated between 0.37 s.d. 0.012 and 0.38 s.d. 0.012. among the sixth age groups. One-way ANOVA statistical test revealed no significant of age on PMI. On the other hand gender variation has effect on PMI, since independent sample t-test disclosed that the difference between the male and female PMI means statistically significant. ANOVA test showed that the means of MR among age groups showed a negative correlation i.e. MR mean declined from 3.01 in 18-25 age groups to 2.7 in 55-65 age groups. In contrary, the gender showed no effect on MR according two sample t-test at p> 0.05. In regards with MCI, statistical analysis showed that it affected by age that is C1 was decreasing by age while C2 and C3 were increased by age. Using chi square test the result indicated that there is a significant difference among the different age group and the two genders in MCI readings. Conclusion: PMI was influenced significantly by age but minimally by the gender. MR is not affected by gender but has a negative correlation with age. MCI is affected by both age and gender

Download Full-text

Pregnant women readiness to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth: A cross-sectional study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16358 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Leila Ahmadian ◽

Reza Khajouei ◽

Sudabeh Kamali ◽

Moghaddameh Mirzaee ◽

Arefeh Ameri

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Health Information ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

T Test ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

The Internet ◽

Chi Square ◽

Readiness Assessment ◽

Pregnancy And Childbirth ◽

Chi Square Test

BACKGROUND Today, the Internet may be a promising tool for interventions for pregnant women. However, these kinds of tools are only helpful if users are ready to use them. OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted with the aim of readiness assessment of pregnant women to use the Internet to access health information about pregnancy and childbirth. METHODS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. RESULTS This study was carried out on a sample of 384 pregnant women. Data were collected using a valid and reliable questionnaire. The first section of this questionnaire collected demographic characteristics of the participants. The second part of the questionnaire contains 27 questions covering the following components: infrastructure readiness (6 questions); affordability readiness (3 questions); and skill readiness (12 questions). Data were analyzed with SPSS 19.0 using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, and T-test. CONCLUSIONS The use of the Internet by pregnant women depends on factors such as infrastructure, affordability, and skills readiness. This study showed that speed and the quality of the Internet, hardware and software availability, affordability of the Internet, and access to the Internet training were factors in measuring E-health readiness assessment. CLINICALTRIAL Not applicable

Download Full-text

Relationship of Workload and Double Role With Work Fatigue on Batik Craftsmen

Jurnal Endurance ◽

10.22216/jen.v4i2.4013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 293

Author(s):

Herdianti Herdianti ◽

Tatik Maryana

Keyword(s):

Data Analysis ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Work Load ◽

Dual Role ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Almost All

Background: In Batik Mawar, almost all work is done manually using the hands and upper arms on a continuous basis combined with the rigor of work and the use of traditional tools. The work has a heavy workload because all the work process is done by the same craftsman causing fatigue besides that the worker also have double role. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between workload and dual role with feelings of fatigue on craftsmen batik roses.Method: This research is Quantitative research with Cross Sectional research design. The population in this study are all artisans in Batik Mawar. Sampling in this study using total sampling technique with the number of research samples as many as 40 respondents. Data analysis used by Univariat and Bivariat.Result: Result of data analysis using Chi-Square test for work load got value p-Value = 0,001. The result of data analysis using Chi-square test for double role got p-value = 0,031. Thus it is concluded that there is a meaningful relationship between workload and dual role with feeling tired. We recommend that craftsmen wash clothes 2 times a day, cook ready meals, other than together in completing the work at home Di Batik Mawar, hampir semua pekerjaan dikerjakan secara manual menggunakan tangan dan lengan atas secara berkesinambungan yang dikombinasi dengan ketelitian kerja dan penggunaan alat-alat tradisional. Pekerjaan mempunyai beban kerja yang berat dikarenakan semua proses kerja dilakukan oleh pengrajin yang sama sehingga menimbulkan kelelahan disamping itu pekerjanya juga memiliki peran ganda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah pada pengrajin batik mawar.Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian Cross Sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua pengrajin di Batik Mawar. Pengambilan sampel pada penelitian ini menggunakan teknik total sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 40 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan Univariat dan Bivariat.Hasil: Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-Square untuk beban kerja didapatkan nilai p-Value = 0,001. Hasil analisis data yang menggunakan uji Chi-square untuk peran ganda didapatkan nilai p-value= 0,031. Dengan demikian disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara beban kerja dan peran ganda dengan perasaan lelah.Sebaiknya pengrajin mencuci pakaian 2 kali sehari, memasak makanan siap saji, selain itu dengan cara bersama-sama dalam menyelesaikan pekerjaan dirumah.

Download Full-text