Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Cytotoxic Flavonoid Compound from Sterculia Quadrifida Leaves

ABSTRACT Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the important factors of cancer deaths especially in the western countries. Hispidulin (4′,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) is a phenolic flavonoid compound proved to possess anticancer properties, but its effects on PCa are left to be released. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects and the relative mechanisms of Hispidulin on PCa development. Hispidulin administration inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration, while accelerated apoptosis in Du145 and VCaP cells, which was accompanied by PPARγ activation and autophagy enhancement. The beneficial effects of Hispidulin could be diminished by PPARγ inhibition. Besides, Hispidulin administration suppressed PCa tumorigenicity in Xenograft models, indicating the anticancer properties in vivo. Therefore, our work revealed that the anticancer properties of Hispidulin might be conferred by its activation on PPARγ and autophagy.

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Physical characterisation and stability study of formulated Chromolaena odorata gel

Current Drug Delivery ◽

10.2174/1567201818666210419114809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 ◽

Author(s):

Qurratul Ain Zakirah Mohd Zamram ◽

Hannis Fadzillah Mohsin ◽

Mashani Mohamad Mohamad ◽

Nurul Aqmar Mohamad Nor Hazalin ◽

Khuriah Abdul Hamid

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Skin Diseases ◽

Loss Modulus ◽

Viscosity Index ◽

Stability Study ◽

Wound Management ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Skin Delivery ◽

Materials Used

Aim: Formulating topical products for skin delivery has always been a challenge for pharmaceutical scientists to fulfil good formulation criteria. Despite the challenges, gel-based drug delivery offers some advantages such that it is non-invasive, painless, avoidance of the first-pass metabolism and has satisfactory patient compliance. Objectives: In this study, Chromolaena odorata gel and quercetin gel (bioactive flavonoid compound) were successfully formulated and compared with placebo and conventional wound aid gel. The chromatographic profilling was conducted to screen the presence of phytoconstituents. Subsequently, all formulated gels were subjected to physical characteristic and stability study. Methods: Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC) of C.odorata methanolic leaves extract shows a distinct compound separation at retention time 8.4min to 34.8 min at 254nm. All gels were characterised by evaluating their rheological properties including storage modulus, loss modulus and plastic viscosity. Besides, texture analysis was performed to measure the gels’ firmness, consistency, cohesiveness, and viscosity index. Results: From the observation, C. odorata gel demonstrated better spreadability as compared to the other gels, which acquired less work and favourable to be applied onto the skin. Moreover, C. odorata gel showed no changes in organoleptic properties and proven to be stable after 30 days of accelerated stability study at 40°C ± 2°C with relative humidity (RH) of 75%± 5%. Conclusion: C. odorata gel has shown to be stable, reflecting the combination of materials used in the formulation, which did not degrade throughout the study. This work suggests the potential of this gel as a vehicle to deliver the active ingredients of C. odorata to the skin, which can be further explored as a topical application in antimicrobial wound management or other skin diseases study.

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Chrysin Suppresses Vascular Endothelial Inflammation via Inhibiting the NF-κB Signaling Pathway

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.1177/1074248418810809 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 278-287 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Shengnan Zhao ◽

Minglu Liang ◽

Yilong Wang ◽

Ji Hu ◽

Yi Zhong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Endothelial Cells ◽

Cell Adhesion ◽

Signaling Pathway ◽

Adhesion Molecule ◽

Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Endothelial Inflammation ◽

Wide Range

The vascular endothelium is a continuous layer of flat polygonal cells that are in direct contact with the blood and participate in responses to inflammation. Chrysin is a flavonoid compound extracted from plants of the genus Asteraceae with a wide range of pharmacological activities and physiological activities. Here, we studied the effects of chrysin on the regulation of the proadhesion and pro-inflammatory phenotypes of the endothelium both in vitro and in vivo. Our results revealed that chrysin strongly inhibited Tohoku Hospital Pediatrics-1 (THP-1) cell adhesion to primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and concentration-dependently attenuated interleukin 1β-induced increases in intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), and E-selectin messenger RNA levels and ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 protein levels. Previous studies reported that nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) is important in the inflammatory response in endothelial cells, particularly in regulating adhesion molecules, and our data shed light on the mechanisms whereby chrysin suppressed endothelial inflammation via the NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, our in vivo findings demonstrated the effects of chrysin in the permeability and inflammatory responses of the endothelium to inflammatory injury. Taken together, we conclude that chrysin inhibits endothelial inflammation both in vitro and in vivo, which could be mainly due to its inhibition of NF-κB signaling activation. In conclusion, chrysin may serve as a promising therapeutic candidate for inflammatory vascular diseases.

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The Effects of Quercetinon Interleuikin (IL-8) Serum, %Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second (FEV1), and COPD Assessment Test (CAT) Scores in Stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients

Jurnal Respirologi Indonesia ◽

10.36497/jri.v39i2.51 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 103-112

Author(s):

Maratus Sholihah ◽

Suradi Suradi ◽

Jatu Aphridasari

Keyword(s):

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Treatment Group ◽

Serum Level ◽

Pulmonary Disease ◽

Standard Therapy ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Control Group ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Copd Patients

Introduction: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Cigarette smoke and noxious agent result in oxidative stress and activate release of inflammatory mediators such as Interleukin-8 (IL-8). Quercetin is a flavonoid compound containing anti-inflammatory effects which can be used as an adjuvant therapy in stable COPD. Objective: To analyze the effect of quercetin on serum IL-8 levels, % VEP1, and CAT score of stable COPD patients. Methods: Experimental clinical trial with pre-test and pasca-test design was performed in 30 patients with stable COPD in Dr. Moewardi Surakarta between December 2017 and January 2018. The samples taken by using purposive sampling were divided into two groups treatment groups received standard therapy and quercetin 500mg/day for 28 days and control groups only received standard therapy. The decrease in inflammation was measured by serum IL-8 examination, improvement of obstruction measured by %FEV1 and clinical improvement measured by CAT score. Results: IL-8 serum level was significantly lower in treatment group than of in control group (p=0,001). The percentage of FEV1 was insignificant different between the two group (p=0,236). However CAT score was significantly lower in treatment group compared to that of in control group (p=0,001) Conclusions: Quercetin can decrease IL-8 serum level and decrease CAT score when given in combination with standard therapy for COPD patients. (J Respir Indo 2019; 39(2))

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UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN PEGAGAN (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) SEBAGAI ANTIDIABETES TERHADAP TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN (Rattus norvegicus) YANG DIINDUKSI ALOKSAN

PHARMACON ◽

10.35799/pha.10.2021.32767 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 736

Author(s):

Grace Laury Tulung ◽

Widdhi Bodhi ◽

Jainer Pasca Siampa

Keyword(s):

Rattus Norvegicus ◽

Design Method ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Decrease Blood Glucose ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Gotu Kola Leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) are known to contain flavonoid compound, and flavonoid are known to decrease blood glucose level by stimulating pancreas beta cells to produce insulin. The aim of this research is to find out wether the ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) has the antidiabetic effectiveness or not. This research used Completely Randomized Design method. There were 15 rats used in this research that were split into 5 groups that is negative control (Aquadest), positive control (Metformin), and ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf with the dosage of 5.4 mg;10.8 mg;21.6 mg. The acquired data were analyzed with ANOVA test and LSD test. The analysis result showed that ethanol extract of gotu kola leaf had antidiabetic effectiveness against male white rat. Keywords: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetic, Rattus norvegicus ABSTRAK Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) diketahui mengandung zat flavonoid, dimana flavonoid telah diketahui mempunyai kemampuan menurunkan kadar glukosa darah dengan merangsang sel beta pankreas untuk memproduksi insulin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efekivitas antidiabetes. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Tikus yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor dan dibagi dalam 5 kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif (aquadest), kontrol positif (metformin), dan ekstrak etanol daun pegagan dengan dosis 5,4 mg; 10,8 mg; 21,6 mg. Data yang ada dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA dan uji LSD. Hasil analisis menujukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun pegagan memiliki efektivitas antidiabetes terhadap tikus putih jantan (Rattus norvegicus). Kata kunci: Centella asiatica (L.) Urban, antidiabetes, Rattus norvegicus

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KANDUNGAN SENYAWA FLAVONOID PADA DAUN MELINJO (Gnetum gnemon L.) BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN TEMPAT TUMBUH

Biopendix: Jurnal Biologi, Pendidikan dan Terapan ◽

10.30598/biopendixvol3issue2page142-147 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 142-147

Author(s):

Mersy T Tanamal ◽

Pamella Mercy Papilaya ◽

Alwi Smith

Keyword(s):

Natural Resources ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Gnetum Gnemon ◽

The Village

Background: The village of Latuhalat and Kayu Putih village is a place that is on the beach and in the mountains. Potential natural resources are quite a lot of plants melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L). This study aims to determine the total compound of flavonoid content of leaf melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) based on place difference. Method: The method used in this study using the method of Chang et al. The solvent used for diluting the melinjo extract was methanol solvent, then measured using a UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Result: Result of analysis of flavonoid compound content, Latuhalat Village has average total flavonoid content of13.080% and average total flavonoid content in Kayu Putih Village equal to 17.028%. Kayu Putih Village has more flavonoid compound than Latuhalat Village. Conclusion: Total levels of melinjo leaf flavonoids (Gnetum gnemon L) in Kayu Putih Village were more than total flavonoids of leaf melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) in Latuhalat Village.

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Identification of Antioxidant Compounds Structure Large-Leafed Mangrove Fruit

Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia ◽

10.17844/jphpi.v19i2.13452 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 94

Author(s):

Sabri Sudirman ◽

Nurjanah Nurjanah ◽

Agoes Mardiono Jacoeb

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Structure Prediction ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Antioxidant Compounds ◽

Ryukyu Islands ◽

Bruguiera Gymnorrhiza ◽

Compound Structure ◽

The Pacific ◽

The One

Antioxidants are compounds that can inhibit or prevent the oxidation of the easily oxidized substrate. One of the plants as a potential source of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity is large-leafed mangrove (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza). This plant is commonly found in the Pacific region of Southeast Asia, Ryukyu Islands, Micronesia and Polynesia (Samoa) to subtropical regions of Australia and has been used by the society. This study aimed to determine the bioactive compounds structure of large-leafed mangrove has the highest antioxidant activity. The compound structure prediction was done by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The compound structure in the selected antioxidant fractions are flavonol, glikosilfalvon and flavon. Those three compounds are flavonoid compound which has a great role as the one that has antioxidant activity in large-leafed mangrove fruit.

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Relaxant effect of quercetin on rabbit isolated bladder smooth muscles contractions

Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology ◽

10.34172/jhp.2021.05 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 61-67

Author(s):

Hassan Sadraei ◽

Sabihe Tabesh

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscles ◽

Electrical Field Stimulation ◽

Negative Control ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Drug Candidate ◽

Control Group ◽

Organ Bath ◽

Dependent Manner ◽

Concentration Dependent Manner ◽

Relaxant Effect

Introduction: Quercetin is a flavonoid compound found in many medicinal plants. Antispasmodic effect of quercetin has been reported in ileum and uterus smooth muscles but not in bladder. Therefore, the objective of this research was to investigate relaxant effect of quercetin in rabbit isolated bladder. Methods: Male rabbit was asphyxiated with carbon dioxide and then sacrificed. The whole bladder was dissected out and placed in oxygenated Tyrode’s solution. Isolated bladder was cut into longitudinal strips and placed in an organ bath for contraction studies. Contractions were induced with KCl (20mM), acetylcholine (5μM) and electrical field stimulation (EFS). Full inhibitory concentration–response curve was constructed for quercetin following addition of above spasmogens. Quercetin was added into the organ bath with 2 fold increments in concentration until maximum response was achieved. Nifedipine was used as positive control group and equivalent volume of quercetin vehicle (water + DMSO) was used as negative control group.Results: Quercetin (4 μg/mL to 640 μg/mL) in a concentration dependent manner inhibited isolated bladder strips contracted by KCl (IC50=159±25 μg/mL), acetylcholine (IC50=43±9.1 μg/mL) and EFS (IC50=38±9.3 μg/mL). In the highest used concentration, quercetin completely removed contractile responses to KCl, acetylcholine and electrical filed stimulation (EFS). Nifedipine totally inhibited KCl response (IC50=115±36 ng/mL) but only partially inhibited acetylcholine and EFS responses. Conclusion: These results confirm the relaxant effect of quercetin on rabbit bladder and if similar effects are seen in human studies, then quercetin would be a suitable drug candidate to be investigated for bladder incontinence.

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PENGARUH UMUR DAUN TEH DAN WAKTU OKSIDASI ENZIMATIS TERHADAP KANDUNGAN TOTAL FLAVONOID PADA TEH HITAM (Camellia sinesis)

Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung (Journal of Agricultural Engineering) ◽

10.23960/jtep-l.v10i1.41-48 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 41

Author(s):

Jennifer Larisa Liem ◽

Maria Marina Herawati

Keyword(s):

Black Tea ◽

Total Flavonoid ◽

Enzymatic Oxidation ◽

Average Level ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Total Flavonoids ◽

Tea Leaves ◽

Time Treatment ◽

Oxidation Stage

Flavonoid compound is an important compound of tea products. However, the flavonoid level content in black tea is lowest than other teas. This is due to the processing of black tea which has an enzymatic oxidation stage and the tea age leaves when picking. Young tea leaves contain higher total flavonoids than old tea leaves. With an average level of total flavonoids, the young tea leaves is 27.76% qe w / w, while for the old tea leaves 18.61% qe w / w. However, the enzymatic oxidation time treatment did not affect the total flavonoids because the process only affected the quality of black tea steeping, on it’s colour, aroma, and taste. Keywords: age of tea leaves, black tea, enzymatic oxidation, total flavonoids

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Potensi Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera) sebagai Hepatoprotektor pada Tikus Putih (Rattus novergicus) yang Diinduksi Parasetamol Dosis toksik

Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma ◽

10.30742/jikw.v5i1.6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 58

Author(s):

Noer Kumala Indahsari ◽

Masfufatun Masfufatun ◽

Emilia Devi D.R

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

Negative Control Group ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Flavonoid Compound ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Control Group Design ◽

Post Test

Moringa Oleifera is a plant that contains chemical compounds that are useful, such as flavonoids. The ability of this flavonoid compound that can capture free radicals cause damage and hepatoprotektan hepar. Purpose of study was to determined levels of Moringa leaf extract which can overcome the effects of liver damage caused by toxic doses of paracetamol through MDA, SGOT and SGPT Method used in this laboratory experimental study is a Randomized Post Test Only Control Group Design with the following stages: 1. Moringa Leaf Extraction with Ethanol 96%; Try 2.Preparasi animals, 3. Treatment of Animals Try the extract of leaves of Moringa 3 dose is: 250mg / 200BB rat (dose of A), 500mg / 200BB mice (dose B), 1000mg / 200BB mice (dose C) for 14 days in combination with paracetamol 2 g / 200BB mice, compared to the negative control group (group given just paracetamol 2 g / 200BB rat) and the positive control group (the group who were given regular feed) for 14 days.Results : turned out to be no difference in the reduction in SGOT levels are statistically significant between the negative control group with high-dose treatment group ie the dose C with =0,016 smaller than 0.05, whereas a decrease in ALT levels were significantly decreased in the treatment group high dose is the dose C with =0,009 smaller than 0.05. While MDA group treated with the negative control group experienced an overall decline for the dose A with =0,05, dose B with =0,0011 and dose C with =0,001. Conclusion of this study showed that the extract of Moringa leaves can be potentially as an antioxidant in all doses at once can be as hepatoprotektor at high doses is 1000mg / 200BB Rattus Novergicus.

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