scholarly journals An AN EPIDEMIOLOGIC ALANALYSIS OF LABORATORY CONFIRMED CASES OF CHIKUNGUNYA, PAKISTAN, 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-156
Author(s):  
Nosheen Ashraf ◽  
Sana Habib Abbasi ◽  
Fariha Munir ◽  
Amna Ali ◽  
M. Akram Qamar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
Age Range

Background: Chikungunya is a vector-borne disease that is spread by the mosquito Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Disease mostly occurs in Africa, Asia and the Indian subcontinent. Recent outbreak of chikungunya was reported in 2017 in Karachi, Pakistan, after which sporadic cases were reported from different areas of Pakistan. There are very limited demographic data available for chikungunya in Pakistan and therefore, further information is required. The current study will provide latest information to assist public health professionals and policy makers in order to provide effective management of cases by means of appropriate resource. Methods: In this cross sectional study, information regarding 750 laboratory confirmed cases from Dec 2016 to Apr 2018 were collected from the virology laboratory, NIH. Data regarding age, sex, reporting facility, district and province were collected. Data entry and cleaning was done in Microsoft excel and descriptive analysis using epiInfo. The data were grouped, tabulated and represented graphically while geographical location of the cases was mapped. Results: A total of 403(53.73%) cases were male and 347 (46.27%) female with an age range from 0.6 to 80 years and the mean age was (32.5+- 17.5). The most affected age group was 20 to 29 Years. Sindh remained the most affected province with 494 (65.87%) cases reported followed by KP with 167 (22.27%) cases. The highest number of cases [148(19.7%)] were reported in May 2017. Conclusion: Provision and sharing of accurate and timely data can reduce the risk and spread of the disease.

scholarly journals What Do Our Nurses Know about Managing Patient with Permanent Pacemakers?

Jurnal NERS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Muhamad Al Muizz Ismail ◽  
Nor Marini Ibrahim ◽  
Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Pacemaker Implantation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

Introduction: The number of patients with pacemaker implant is increasing in the health services sector in Malaysia, which requires nurses to have expertise in patient care with pacemaker implantation. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyse the level of knowledge among nurses regarding the management of patients with pacemaker implantation.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted through purposive sampling among all nurses working at the critical care unit, intensive care unit, cardiac rehabilitation ward, investigation clinical laboratory, and non-invasive clinical laboratory in a public hospital in Kelantan. A questionnaire consisted of demographic data and nurses’ knowledge was distributed. Data were analysed for descriptive analysis and using Pearson correlation test.Results: Results from all respondents (n=70), show  48.6 % of the respondents had moderate knowledge about patient management with pacemaker implantation, 32.9 % had a low level of knowledge and only 13.6% had high knowledge regarding management of patient with pacemaker implantation. There is a significant difference between the level of knowledge and demographic data, that is between the level of education (p=0.027), age (p=0.011) and length of service (p=0.015). There is no significant relationship between knowledge and demographic data, such as gender (p=0.481), marital status (p=0.315), and post-basic (p=0.067).Conclusion: Level of knowledge among nurses about the management of patient with pacemaker implantation is low to moderate. Additional education and exposure among nurses are needed to enhance the knowledge of nurses and improve the quality of care among patients with pacemaker implant.

scholarly journals Histopathological Study of Post-Surgical Gallbladder to Establish True Histopathology Proven Chronic Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Tania Khattak ◽  
Almas Khattak ◽  
Susan Kakakhel ◽  
Anwar Ul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chronic Cholecystitis ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Cross Sectional

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to establish true histopathology proven diagnosis of chronic cholecystitis. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 51 post-surgical gallbladders was done to assess their histopathological patterns in a single centered tertiary care hospital. The specimens were studied for chronic cholecystitis, fibrosis, hypertrophy and presence of Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. Descriptive analysis was done and associations of the histopathological changes with demographic data of patients were analyzed through Chi-squared test. RESULTS: Fifty-one post cholecystectomy samples of gallbladder were analyzed for histopathological changes with 82.4% showing chronic cholecystitis, 84.3% fibrosis, 64.7% congestion, and more than 60% mild or moderate hypertrophy. Moreover, 49% of the specimens showed Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses. All these changes suggest chronic inflammation. CONCLUSION: Chronic cholecystitis, fibrosis, and Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses are the most common histopathological findings in specimens of patients undergone cholecystectomy for cholelithiasis.  

scholarly journals Husband’s Support for Breastfeeding and Breastfeeding Efficacy of Nepalese Mothers

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Sajama Nepali ◽  
Manodhara Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Background: Continuing breastfeeding after three months of the postpartum period has been a challenge to mothers rather than their choice. The engagement of husbands in breastfeeding serves both as physical and mental support to their wives. This study aimed to assess the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers, identify their husbands’ support for breastfeeding and examine the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers and the husbands’ support for breastfeeding. Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study recruited 110 mothers of infants, visiting Bungmati Health Post for immunization from July 2015 to November 2015. Mothers were interviewed face to face with semi structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was carried out using SPSS version 23. Descriptive analysis was performed on the socio-demographic characteristics, delivery characteristics, breastfeeding self-efficacy and husbands’ support scale. Bivariate analysis was used to examine the association between breastfeeding self-efficacy and husbands’ support scale and other outcomes. Results: Majority (94%) of the mothers reported to be confident on the breastfeeding self-efficacy, while 95 percent of their husbands were supportive towards breastfeeding. A significant association was seen between the breastfeeding self-efficacy and the husbands’ support scale (p<0.04). Mothers who received support from husbands were 10 times more likely to report confidence on breastfeeding than those who did not. Conclusions: The results suggested that husbands’ support increases the breastfeeding self-efficacy of mothers. Based on this finding, it is recommended that involvement of husband is crucial for encouraging mother to breastfeed child. Tweetable Abstract: Mothers who received support from their husbands were 10 times significantly more likely to breastfeed.

Diabetes patients’ perspectives on the patients’ rights: evidence from east of Iran

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholam Reza Sharifzadeh ◽  
DJavad Ghoddoosi-Nejad ◽  
Susan Behdani ◽  
Elaheh Haghgoshayie ◽  
Yibeltal Siraneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Rights ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Patients Rights ◽  
Health Need ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Purpose The Iranian patients’ rights charter defines patient rights as a reflection of fundamental human rights in the field of medicine and incorporates all elements of patient rights accepted in international texts. The purpose of this paper is to study the way in which diabetes patients’ rights are being exercised in everyday hospital practice in Birjand, Iran. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional study design was used in 2014. The sample size was estimated 150 patients, out of which 108 diabetes patients completed questionnaire. The questionnaire of diabetes patients’ perspectives on the patients’ rights was used to collect data. The questionnaire consists of 22 questions. Data entry and analysis were carried out using SPSS software (version 22). Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated with all survey items and total scores, as well as demographic data. Findings The response rate was 72 percent. Overall, the mean score percentage of diabetes patients’ perspectives on the patients’ rights was 74.04± 8.4. Furthermore, statistical significant differences were found among diabetes patients in relation to patients’ perspectives on the patients’ rights according to highest level of education (F=16.52, p=0.002), their habitat(t=3.49, p=0.001), age groups (F=18.70, p=0.0001) and the duration of the disease (F=5.16, p=0.007). The results showed that no statistically significant differences were observed among diabetes patients in relation to diabetes patients’ perspectives on the patients’ rights according to their gender (F=1.57, p=0.12) and marital status (F=1.56, p=0.09). Originality/value Clinicians can provide care based on patients’ rights, and their knowledge of patients’ rights needs to be evaluated. Educational courses, leaflets, booklets and posters can be helpful in this regard. In addition, professional organizations and the Ministry of Health need to be more sensitive to this issue.

scholarly journals Quality of Clinical Notes: Lesson Learned from Elective Surgery Patients Admitted at University Teaching Hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Jay Narayan Shah ◽  
Shantbir Maharjan ◽  
Shailendra Shah
Keyword(s):  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Clinical Notes ◽  
Surgery Department

Background: Informative relevant documentation regarding course of treatment minimizes errors, provides data for evidence based practice and legality. However, the clinical notes are often inadequate. This study aims to analyse quality of structured clinical notes in surgical patients. Methods: This cross sectional study from Oct 1, 2015 in department of surgery included 100 clinical notes randomly selected by lottery. The entries in notes were predefined. There were 29 general entries (nine for identification, eleven for admission details, eight for treatment progress, and one for handwriting). Three additional entries were for discharge patients. The decision for entries was based on consensus meeting in surgery department. Microsoft excel was used for data entry and descriptive analysis. Results: There were 100 clinical notes analysed, 62 non-discharge and 38 discharge patients. Four (out of 62) non-discharge had all 29 entries documented. Two (out of 38) in discharge had all 32 entries documented. The “date of entries, clinician name and designation” were mentioned in 12%, 13% and 10%, respectively. The progress on diet was recorded in 53%, investigations in 72% and intervention details in 73%. Handwriting was difficult to read in 21%. In 13 (out of 100) the identification information was incomplete. Discharge lacked details of home advice in 11%.Conclusions: The quality of clinical note of elective surgery patients needs improvement on documentation in all domains of identification, admission, progress and discharge.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on uric acid levels among Chinese adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 441-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jie Lu ◽  
Wenyan Sun ◽  
Lingling Cui ◽  
Xinde Li ◽  
Yuwei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Health Professionals

Abstract Background The prevalence of hyperuricemia is increasing in adults, while the prevalence among adolescents is seldom reported. Methods A cross-sectional survey by multistage, stratified sampling method was carried out in Shandong Province during 2017–2018. A total of 9371 adolescents aged from 13 to 19 years were randomly sampled and analyzed in this survey. Results The overall mean serum uric acid (sUA) concentration was 6.08 ± 1.57 mg/dL and overall hyperuricemia prevalence was 25.4% and 60.5% (when hyperuricemia was defined as sUA ≥ 7 mg/dL or ≥ 5.5 mg/dL). Prevalence were 42.3% (male) and 8.0% (female) when limit was 7 mg/dL and prevalence were 82.1% (male) and 38.4% (female) when limit was 5.5 mg/dL. Male gender, increased body mass index, increased waist circumstance, increased triglycerides, increased fasting blood glucose, increased systolic blood pressure, decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate, and positive family gout history were associated with the enhanced risk of hyperuricemia according to univariate and/or multivariate logistic regression analysis. Food intake frequency of carbonate beverage, mutton, and other kinds varied between hyperuricemia adolescents and normal sUA ones. Conclusions The studied adolescent population showed sUA level and hyperuricemia prevalence which are even higher than those of adults in China. The epidemic of youth hyperuricemia may pose a future threat of gout attacks and other hyperuricemia-related diseases, which alarms the public, health professionals and health policy makers to prepare the future health challenges.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study on the assessment of impact of demonetization of Rs.500 and Rs.1000 currency notes on the socio-economic and health status of the people residing in an urban area of Kanchipuram district

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1951
Author(s):  
S. Hariharan ◽  
J. Krishnakumar ◽  
T. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Total Study Population ◽  
The People ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Background: The Government of India took the historic move of demonetising Rs.500 and Rs.1000 currency notes of Mahatma Gandhi Series from the midnight of 8th November 2016, following which these high value currency notes ceased to be a legal tender.It was a radical move by the Government which had an impact on the socio-economic and health status of the people. The study was conducted to assess the impact of demonetization move on the socio-economic and health status of the people residing in Anakaputhur area of Kanchipuram district.Methods: A cross-sectional, questionnaire based study was conducted on people residing at Anakaputhur area of Kanchipuram district. A sample size of 272 people was obtained using convenient sampling method. The study was conducted from 1.3.2017 to 1.4.2017. Data entry was done in Microsoft Excel and analysis was carried out in SPSS 22 software. Descriptive analysis was done.Results: Of the total study population of 272 people, 157 were females and 115 were males. Majority of the participants (58.1%) had used only cash for making their payments. Majority of participants (60%) responded that they were satisfied with the demonetization move. Majority of participants (67%) responded that the demonetization move would lead to overall economic development of our country.Conclusions: Even though the Government’s intention behind demonetization was good, the process by which the move was implemented could have been better. Government could have taken proper anticipatory measures to prevent cash crunch.

scholarly journals Secondary care in oral health in small municipalities: a cross-sectional evaluation of demand x access

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-76
Author(s):  
Wellen Carla da Luz Benfica COSTA ◽  
Marcos Azeredo Furquim WERNECK ◽  
Andréa Clemente PALMIER
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Primary Care System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Permanent Molar ◽  
Age Range

ABSTRACT Objective: To know the demand and access to specialized procedures in Oral Health in 10 municipalities in the region of Guanhães, Minas Gerais, Brazil, which do not have a Dental Specialty Center. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted with 30 dental surgeons of the Primary Care system. These dentists recorded all the patients who were treated from July to November 2016, and who were shown to be in need of being assigned to specialized procedures in oral health. The descriptive analysis was developed in the software SPSS for Windows version 18.0. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Minas Gerais (ruling 1.615.701). Results: 1085 patients assigned for specialized procedures in Oral Health were evaluated. The majority of these patients were women (56.6%), within an age-range from 13-34 years (51.9%). Among the specialties evaluated, 61% of the patients presented the need for endodontic treatment, with the most compromised tooth being the first permanent molar (33.2%). The outcomes were recorded for 435 (40.1%) patients. Among these, 19.8% of the procedures were performed in the health unit itself and in 45.5% extractions were performed. Conclusion: Limited access to specialized Oral Health procedures was verified. To enable the Oral Health National Policy to consider the specificities of such regions, it is suggested that the scope of action of the oral health teams in primary care is expanded, or that less expensive specialized services are created, so that the access to this level of oral health is assured to all referred patients.

scholarly journals Side Effects of COVID-19 Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA Vaccine in Children Aged 12–18 Years in Saudi Arabia

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Edrous Alamer ◽  
Abdulaziz Alhazmi ◽  
Naaif A. Qasir ◽  
Rahaf Alamer ◽  
Halima Areeshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Age Range

Background: Massive vaccination campaigns have been undertaken globally to combat the spread of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). While most COVID-19 vaccines have shown excellent efficacy and safety profiles in clinical studies, real-world monitoring of vaccine safety is still important. In this study, we aimed to investigate the early side effects of Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine in children between 12–18 years old in Saudi Arabia. Method: To investigate the side effects in children in this age range following the administration of either one or two doses of Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine, we conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional study using a self-administered online survey. General and demographic data were collected, and vaccine-associated side effects following vaccination were evaluated. Results: The study recruited a total of 965 eligible participants. Overall, 571 (60%) of the study participants reported at least one side effect following Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccination. The most frequently reported side effects were pain or redness at the site of injection (90%), fatigue (67%), fever (59%), headache (55%), nausea or vomiting (21%), and chest pain and shortness of breath (20%). Joint or bone pain were reported less frequently among our participants (2%). Our data showed that more female participants reported side effects compared to male participants, with 52% and 48%, respectively. Side effects were more common after the second dose compared to the first dose in our study cohort. Conclusions: While 60% of the children (12–18 years old) who received Pfizer-BioNTech (BNT162b2) mRNA vaccine reported side effects, our data showed that these side effects were not different from those that were reported in the clinical trials which lasted only for a few days. Side effects were more common after the second dose. Larger epidemiological and molecular studies are needed to evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine in protection of children against SARS-CoV-2 reinfections.

scholarly journals Validation of a Physical Activity and Health Questionnaire Evaluating Knowledge of WHO Recommendations among Colombians

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 3526
Author(s):  
Sandra Milena Moreno-Lavaho ◽  
María Mendoza-Muñoz ◽  
José C. Adsuar ◽  
Jorge Carlos-Vivas ◽  
Jorge Rojo-Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Content Validity ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
World Health ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional

Knowledge of physical activity (PA) can be considered a predictor of public health for society. Thus, this study aims to show content validity of the “Knowledge Questionnaire on World Health Organization (WHO) Recommendations on PA and Health” (CUAFYS-A) and reference values on adults’ knowledge of the WHO recommendations on PA. This is a quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive, and cross-sectional study, in which 579 adults completed an online questionnaire with demographic data. The questionnaire was made up of 9 items to measure PA related to knowledge. For the elaboration of the items of the questionnaire a disciplinary team formed it and for the analysis of results, a descriptive analysis of these was applied. Then an inferential analysis was performed, content validity, construct validity, and reliability were analyzed. The CUAFYS-A after its content analysis, obtained appropriate results in terms of pertinence and relevance; additionally, it showed Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of 0.62. Thereby, it was concluded the CUAFYS-A questionnaire proved to be a valid and reliable instrument to show reference values and to evaluate the knowledge of adults of PA and health according to the WHO recommendations.

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