scholarly journals Penicillium italicum: An Underexplored Postharvest Pathogen

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline Midori Kanashiro ◽  
Daniel Yuri Akiyama ◽  
Katia Cristina Kupper ◽  
Taícia Pacheco Fill
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Toxic Chemicals ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Fungal Virulence ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The World ◽  
Considerable Resistance

In the agricultural sector, citrus is one of the most important fruit genus in the world. In this scenario, Brazil is the largest producer of oranges; 34% of the global production, and exporter of concentrated orange juice; 76% of the juice consumed in the planet, summing up US$ 6.5 billion to Brazilian GDP. However, the orange production has been considerable decreasing due to unfavorable weather conditions in recent years and the increasing number of pathogen infections. One of the main citrus post-harvest phytopathogen is Penicillium italicum, responsible for the blue mold disease, which is currently controlled by pesticides, such as Imazalil, Pyrimethanil, Fludioxonil, and Tiabendazole, which are toxic chemicals harmful to the environment and also to human health. In addition, P. italicum has developed considerable resistance to these chemicals as a result of widespread applications. To address this growing problem, the search for new control methods of citrus post-harvest phytopathogens is being extensively explored, resulting in promising new approaches such as biocontrol methods as “killer” yeasts, application of essential oils, and antimicrobial volatile substances. The alternative methodologies to control P. italicum are reviewed here, as well as the fungal virulence factors and infection strategies. Therefore, this review will focus on a general overview of recent research carried out regarding the phytopathological interaction of P. italicum and its citrus host.

scholarly journals AnANN Model Trained on Regional Data in the Prediction of Particular Weather Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4757
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Bączkiewicz ◽  
Jarosław Wątróbski ◽  
Wojciech Sałabun ◽  
Joanna Kołodziejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Air Masses ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) have proven to be a powerful tool for solving a wide variety of real-life problems. The possibility of using them for forecasting phenomena occurring in nature, especially weather indicators, has been widely discussed. However, the various areas of the world differ in terms of their difficulty and ability in preparing accurate weather forecasts. Poland lies in a zone with a moderate transition climate, which is characterized by seasonality and the inflow of many types of air masses from different directions, which, combined with the compound terrain, causes climate variability and makes it difficult to accurately predict the weather. For this reason, it is necessary to adapt the model to the prediction of weather conditions and verify its effectiveness on real data. The principal aim of this study is to present the use of a regressive model based on a unidirectional multilayer neural network, also called a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), to predict selected weather indicators for the city of Szczecin in Poland. The forecast of the model we implemented was effective in determining the daily parameters at 96% compliance with the actual measurements for the prediction of the minimum and maximum temperature for the next day and 83.27% for the prediction of atmospheric pressure.

PROSPECTS FOR APPLYING A NEW APPROACH TO INCREASING FARMERS ' ACCESS TO CREDIT RESOURCES (USING THE EXAMPLE OF AZERBAIJAN)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
А. А. DADASHOV ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Data Monitoring ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Current State ◽  
Research Institutes ◽  
Imple Mentation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

The article analyzes the current situation with the access of farms to credit resources in the country and the world, a new approach to facilitating farmers ' access to credit resources is proposed. Surveys within the framework of the farm data monitoring system on the information base of the Center for Agrarian Research under the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Azerbaijan revealed the current state of access of agricul-tural producers to financial and credit resources. The new approach addresses issues related to the imple-mentation of intermediary and guarantee functions by research institutes of the agricultural sector. The posi-tive influence of the latter on creditworthiness is shown due to the mediation between the bank and the farmer.

Investment in the agricultural sector as a way to solve food security problems in developing countries: the example of investment activity of the US agribusiness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Stepanovna Ustinovich ◽  
Tatyana Petrovna Boldyreva
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
International Investment ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Agricultural Investment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Potential Benefits

It is clear to everyone that investment in the agricultural sector in developing countries is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty and hunger in the world. Agricultural investment can generate a wide range of development opportunities. However, these benefi ts cannot be expected to arise automatically. Some forms of large-scale investment pose significant risks to investor states. It should be noted, however, that, despite discussions about the potential benefits and risks of international investment, there is still no evidence of negative actual consequences for the countries receiving investments. This article examines the issues of investment activity in relation to developing countries using the example of US agribusiness entities.

Greenhouse Gas Emission of Organic Waste Composting: A Case Study of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Green Campus Flagship Project

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hesam Kamyab ◽  
Jeng Shiun Lim ◽  
Tayebeh Khademi ◽  
Wai Shin Hod ◽  
Rahmalan Ahmad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Greenhouse Gas Emission ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
The World ◽  
Green Campus

Waste generation nowadays is rising in the world and it seems hard to prevent it. Solid Waste Management (SWM) has been a major problem worldwide in most of the fast growing towns and cities among the developing countries all around the world. Food waste and green waste constitute high volumes of municipal solid waste (MSW). The application of compost in the agricultural sector can contribute to sustainable soil health and other co-benefits. The compost produced from biological waste does not contain any chemicals unfavorable to living soil. The objective of this research was to calculate the greenhouse gas emission from the compost processed from the food and green wastes generated on-campus in Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) as a pilot project. The result indicated that the composting process promotes the university as a green campus by converting organic wastes into valuable products such as organic fertilizer.

scholarly journals Diversification strategy in agro-industrial complex

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
R. A. Konuspayev ◽  
◽  
T. Zh. Demesinov ◽  
T. A. Taipov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Diversification Strategy ◽  
Agricultural Producers ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Agricultural Enterprise ◽  
Product Sales ◽  
Crop And Livestock Production

The relevance of the topic of the article is determined by the importance of diversification of production aimed to increase the competitiveness of agro-industrial complex at the present stage of economic development. The goal is to analyze the features of transformation of organizational and production structure of agricultural enterprise, which consists in supplementing it with new types of products, technologies, suppliers, etc. Objectives to show the importance of diversification processes to ensure sustainability of agricultural producers to negative changes in the external and internal environment. Results – it is noted that the priority areas of diversification in agro-industrial production include the organization of new branches of crop and livestock production, the inclusion of productive species, varieties or hybrids of crops in crop rotations, the development of processing sectors, the system of material and technical supply and marketing of products, etc. commodity diversity, reorientation of sales markets in agro-industrial complex is especially important in view of high risks of doing business associated with the high dependence of its results on weather conditions of the year, soil and natural-climatic factors, etc. The conducted analysis shows that the important conditions for deepening structural restructuring include developed agricultural policy of the State, a system of effective measures for regulating and supporting the industry, attracting investment in the development of agricultural sector and financial markets. The performed studies allowed us to draw the following main conclusions – diversification of production is a promising direction for the development of economic activity of enterprises, ensuring the growth of their proceeds from product sales, profits and profitability.

scholarly journals Actual problems in food supplying to the world's population

Ekonomika APK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 308 (6) ◽  
pp. 91-97
Author(s):  
Bohdan Dukhnytskyi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
The World ◽  
Analysis And Synthesis ◽  
Sufficient Food Supply ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Theoretical Generalization ◽  
Business Structures ◽  
Global Food

The purpose of the article is to investigate the problem of food shortages for a significant number of the population worldwide, taking into account the history of the problem, its causes, consequences, statistics and prospects for solving in accordance with existing trends. Research methods. Methods used: theoretical generalization - for characterizing international organizations and program goals that work to combat hunger, analysis and synthesis - for consideration the dynamics number of starving people on the planet and identify regions and countries with largest expanding such problem, comparative evaluation - for comparing absolute and relative statistical indicators in various aspects of the problem, historical - for structuring over time the measures taken to ensure sufficient food supply and their actual results, graphic - for better visualization the comparative statistics. Research results. Information on the responsible institutions that settle food shortages around the world is provided, key issues that need attention in the context of food insecurity are described, quantitative indicators of the global food problem are considered, the uneven nature of its distribution is highlighted, given list of the factors that deepen social and economic problems for the population, a clear link between poverty and chronic malnutrition is determined, critical remarks about the reality of prospect to overcome hunger according to the planned schedule are formed. Scientific novelty. An assessment of development the situation with the number of starving people in the world in the coming decades is made, taking into account an expected demographic changes and potential resources of agricultural production as a key sector in this problem. Practical significance. The provisions of the article are aimed at underlining weaknesses in the global food security system, detailing them and presenting to domestic authorities and business structures in order to find a balance between expanding export potential, participating in international initiatives and maintaining economical-effective agricultural sector. Figs.: 1. Refs.: 17.

scholarly journals Effective Weed Control in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Ştefania GADEA ◽  
Ilarie IVAN ◽  
Paula MORARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Optimal Network ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weeds Control

The paper present the results of 26 variants of weed control in maize (grouped in 6 distinctly strategies) which were tested in 2010 agricultural year in a one factorial stationary experiment. Three of the strategies were based on post emergence weed control methods, two of them – on pre-emergent weed control method and one of them – based on both methods. The main goal was establishing an optimal network weeds control in maize crop. Maize weed in Luduş area increased, due to weed seeds reserve in the arable stratum and weather conditions, which allow weeds to grow alternatively, and because of the development of problem-causing species during the maize vegetation period, when no tilling is performed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of possibilities for the climatic distribution of regions from the point of view of road construction

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Juknevičiūtė-Žilinskienė ◽  
Alfredas Laurinavičius
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Road Construction ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Road Pavement ◽  
The World ◽  
Pavement Structure

Seeking to reduce a negative impact of unfavourable weather conditions on road traffic, many countries introduce modern technologies allowing to objectively assessing meteorological conditions of roads. The world over, data from the automated meteorological stations of Road Weather Information System have been long ago used on a significantly larger scale than only for the organization of road maintenance works. International experience of introducing Road Traffic Information Systems in European Union and other countries of the world shows that Road Weather Information Systems give good results for increasing road safety, improving the level of road user information and solving the road construction issues. Road Weather Information System is a system of technologies and decision-making using historical and real-time data of roads and weather conditions. The collected and processed multi-year data from meteorological stations is a great assistance in designing or reconstructing road pavement structures. Road pavement structure is highly affected by a negative air temperature and frozen ground. The impact of negative temperature is expressed by the thickness of frost blanket course. The thickness of frost blanket course depends on a frost susceptibility of soil. To determine the thickness of frost blanket course it is necessary to assess the frost impact, therefore it was up to the purpose − climatic distribution of regions the territory of Lithuania according to the distribution of frost impact and the depth of frozen ground. Based on climatic maps compiled, a correction of the thickness of road pavement structure was suggested.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF SOME PLANT EXTRACTS TO CONTROL OF PENICILLIUM ITALICUM WEHMER CAUSING BLUE MOLD ON LEMON FRUITS IN IRAQ

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Ahed A.H. Matloob ◽  
Hamid A A. Khafaji
Keyword(s):  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Penicillium Italicum ◽  
Blue Mold ◽  
Lemon Fruit ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
First Time ◽  
High Inhibitory Effect

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the water extract of Propolis, Wild mustard and dates vinegar in the inhibition of Penicillium italicum causal agent of Blue mold on a lemon fruits. The results showed that all tested extracts with concentrations 5, 10 and 15% had a high inhibitory effect against P. italicum. Dates vinegar is highly effective and showed 100% inhibition of P. italicum and protected lemon fruit from infection. First time this type of natural inhibitory water extracts are used in Iraq which resulted that the dates vinegar is the best suitable option for the management of lemon blue mold disease in post-harvest.

scholarly journals Educational Philosophy in the Effect of Globalization on Agriculture

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Aslan Riyadh
Keyword(s):  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
The Public ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The World ◽  
Rapid Flow ◽  
Vertical Relationship ◽  
Negative Impacts

Technological advances due to the rapid flow of globalization, change the pattern of teaching in the world of education. The philosophy of education shows a vertical relationship, up or down with the branches of education. It is hoped that the public can better understand the importance of globalization so that the negative impacts that have an impact can be minimized and it is also hoped that the realization of positive activities towards education will be even better. Education contributing to the success of development in the agricultural sector is not solely determined by development in the technology sector but is determined by the development of the quality of human resources, aspects of human personality, which include knowledge, values, attitudes and skills. The influence of globalization encourages education in the agricultural sector to be increasingly encouraged by stakeholders to always be improved so that the agricultural sector becomes more productive.

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