scholarly journals Multi-Platform Metabolomics Analyses Revealed the Complexity of Serum Metabolites in LPS-Induced Neuroinflammed Rats Treated with Clinacanthus nutans Aqueous Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amalina Ahmad Azam ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail ◽  
Mohd Farooq Shaikh ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Khozirah Shaari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Metabolism ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clinacanthus Nutans ◽  
Metabolite Pattern ◽  
Differentiation And Proliferation ◽  
Oral Therapeutic

The use of metabolomics as a comprehensive tool in the analysis of metabolic profiles in disease progression and therapeutic intervention is rapidly advancing. Yet, a single analytical platform could not be applied to cover the entire spectrum of a biological sample’s metabolome. In the present paper, multi-platform metabolomics approaches were explored to determine the diverse rat sera metabolites extracted from intracerebroventricular lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced neuroinflammed rats treated with oral therapeutic interventions of positive drug (dextromethorphan, 5 mg/kg BW); with Clinacanthus nutans (CN) aqueous extract (CNE, 500 mg/kg BW); and with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) as the control group for 14 days. Analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) techniques, this study depicted the potential of metabolites associated with neuroinflammation and verified by MetDisease. The key observations in the perturbed metabolic pathways that showed ameliorative effects were linked to the class of amino acid and peptide metabolism involving valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis; and phenylalanine metabolism. Lipid metabolism of arachidonic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and glycosphingolipid metabolism were also affected. Current findings suggested that the putative biomarkers, especially lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and 5-diphosphomevalonic acid from glycerophospholipid and squalene/terpenoid and cholesterol biosynthesis, respectively, showed the ameliorative effects of the drug and CN treatments by controlling cell differentiation and proliferation. Our study proved that the complex and dynamic sera profiling affected during the CN treatment was greatly influenced by the analytical platform selection as integration between the two data yielded a more holistic summary of the metabolite pattern changes. Hence, an evidence-based herb, such as CN, can be used for novel diagnostic tools in the quest for ethnopharmacological studies.

scholarly journals Functional endoscopy in neurogenic dysphagia: a feasibility study focusing on the esophageal phase of swallowing

2021 ◽  
Vol 09 (04) ◽  
pp. E646-E652
Author(s):  
Jan Rückert ◽  
Philipp Lenz ◽  
Hauke Heinzow ◽  
Johannes Wessling ◽  
Tobias Warnecke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome Measure ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Upper Esophageal Sphincter ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Neurogenic Dysphagia ◽  
High Resolution Manometry ◽  
Multidisciplinary Study

Abstract Background and study aims Due to demographic transition, neurogenic dysphagia has become an increasingly recognized problem. Patients suffering from dysphagia often get caught between different clinical disciplines. In this study, we implemented a defined examination protocol for evaluating the whole swallowing process by functional endoscopy. Special focus was put on the esophageal phase of swallowing. Patients and methods This prospective observational multidisciplinary study evaluated 31 consecutive patients with suspected neurogenic dysphagia by transnasal access applying an ultrathin video endoscope. Thirty-one patients with gastroesophageal reflux symptoms were used as a control group. We applied a modified approach including standardized endoscopic positions to compare our findings with fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing and high-resolution manometry. The primary outcome measure was feasibility of functional endoscopy. Secondary outcome measures were adverse events (AEs), tolerability, and pathologic endoscopic findings. Results Functional endoscopy was successfully performed in all patients. No AEs were recorded. A variety of disorders were documented by functional endoscopy: incomplete or delayed closure of the upper esophageal sphincter in retroflex view, clearance disturbance of tubular esophagus, esophageal hyperperistalsis, and hypomotility. Analysis of results obtained with the diagnostic tools showed some discrepancies. Conclusions By interdisciplinary cooperation with additional assessment of the esophageal phase of deglutition using the innovative method of functional endoscopy, the diagnosis of neurogenic disorders including dysphagia may be significantly improved, leading to a better clinical understanding of complex dysfunctional patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to show that a retroflex view of the ultrathin video endoscope within the esophagus can be safely performed. [NCT01995929]

scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Red Deer Antler Promotes Hair Growth by Regulating the Hair Cycle and Cell Proliferation in Hair Follicles

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-jie Li ◽  
Zheng Li ◽  
Li-juan Gu ◽  
Yun-bo Wang ◽  
Mi-ra Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Deer Antler ◽  
Vehicle Control Group ◽  
Anagen Phase

Deer antlers are the only mammalian appendage capable of regeneration. We aimed to investigate the effect of red deer antler extract in regulating hair growth, using a mouse model. The backs of male mice were shaved at eight weeks of age. Crude aqueous extracts of deer antler were prepared at either 4°C or 100°C and injected subcutaneously to two separate groups of mice (n=9) at 1 mL/day for 10 consecutive days, with water as a vehicle control group. The mice skin quantitative hair growth parameters were measured and 5-bromo-2-deoxyuridine was used to identify label-retaining cells. We found that, in both the 4°C and the 100°C deer antler aqueous extract-injection groups, the anagen phase was extended, while the number of BrdU-incorporated cells was dramatically increased. These results indicate that deer antler aqueous extract promotes hair growth by extending the anagen phase and regulating cell proliferation in the hair follicle region.

POTENTIAL DIURETIC EFFECT OF CURCUMA AMADA ROXB. RHIZOME EXTRACTS

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 50 (04) ◽  
pp. 34-38
Author(s):  
P Bommannavar ◽  
◽  
K. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Diuretic Activity ◽  
Curcuma Amada ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Total Urine ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study was undertaken to establish the diuretic activity of alcoholic and aqueous extract of dried rhizomes of Curcuma amada Roxb in rats. Alcoholic and aqueous extracts of rhizomes were administered to experimental male Wistar rats orally at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg and compared with furosemide (10 mg/kg) as the reference standard. The parameters measured for diuretic activity were total urine volume, urine electrolyte concentration such as sodium, potassium and chloride have been evaluated. The rats treated with alcoholic and aqueous extract of Curcuma amada in a dose of 250 and 500 mg/kg showed higher urine output when compared to the respective control. Both alcoholic and aqueous extracts have showed a significant dose-dependent increase in the excretion of electrolytes when compared to the control group. The result indicates that alcoholic and aqueous extract is an effective natriuretic and kaliuretic diuretic, which supports the traditional claim about the Curcuma amada Roxb being used as diuretics.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-OBESITY EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF MUCUNA PRURIENS SEEDS ON RATS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Javid Mansuri ◽  
Archana Paranjape
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dopamine Level ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Brain Dopamine ◽  
Standard Drug

Objective: Evaluation of the anti-obesity effect of aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens seeds on rats.Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were subjected to high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 wk. L-DOPA (12.5 mg/kg, p. o.) as standard drug and aqueous extract of Mucuna pruriens (AEMP) seeds (200 mg/kg, p. o. and 400 mg/kg, p. o.) as test drugs were administered in last 4 wk along with HFD. Body weight, food intake, body mass index (BMI), serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were measured at the end of fourth, eighth and twelfth wk, while white adipose tissue (WAT) mass and brain dopamine levels were measured at the end of the twelfth wk.Results: AEMP (200 mg/kg, p. o.) and (400 mg/kg, p. o.) treated groups showed a significant decrease in food intake and weight gain without altering BMI. Moreover, TG levels were lower in treated groups as compared to the HFD group, but no significant changes were observed in TC and HDL levels. L-DOPA-treated group showed a significant decrease in body weight, food intake, BMI and WAT. Both AEMP and L-DOPA-treated groups showed an increase in brain dopamine levels as compared to disease control group (p<0.05).Conclusion: L-DOPA and AEMP showed anti-obesity activity by reducing body weight gains, food intake and WAT weights; modulating TG with increased brain dopamine level which correlates to the inhibitory action of dopamine on reward mechanism. 

scholarly journals Subchronic toxicity of aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei de wild. (apocynaceae) stem bark in normal rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barnabé Lucien Nkono Ya Nkono ◽  
Selestin Dongmo Sokeng ◽  
Paul Désiré Dzeufiet Djomeni ◽  
Frida Longo ◽  
Pierre Kamtchouing
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Control Female ◽  
Hematological Analysis ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Dose Dependent

<p><strong>Methodology:</strong> Wistar rats were randomly assigned into eight groups of five animals each: four male groups and four female groups. Each sex group had a control group receiving distilled water and three test groups receiving 200, 500 and 1000mg/kg respectively. Animal’s body weights were recorded on the first day and once a week for the four experiment weeks. The hematological analysis included total WBC count, total RBC count, Hb, %HCT, MCV, MCH and MCHC. Biochemical/serum profile studies include TG, TC, ALT, AST, urea and TP. Tissue specimens of the liver, kidney and lung were subjected to histological examination using standard hematoxylin-eosin staining.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> In male rats, aqueous extract showed significant decreases in relative weight of liver with extreme significance P&lt;0.001 at a dose of 200mg/kg (vs. control group), P&lt;0.001 of lung at all the doses, P&lt;0.05 (200 and 500mg/kg) and P&lt;0.01 (1000mg/kg) in heart weight. In relative kidney weight, only the dose of 1000mg/kg showed a significant increase vs. normal control male rats. Unlike male rats, only relative kidney weight in female rats was significantly different from the control group in a dose-dependent manner. The aqueous extract treated male groups showed significant increases P&lt;0.001 (1000mg/kg) of total WBC count and MCHC, significant decreases of %HTC (dose response manner), P&lt;0.05 total RBC count (at doses of 500 and 1000mg/kg) and Hb P&lt;0.01 (500mg/kg) vs. normal male rats. In female rats, the haematological study showed significant increase P&lt;0.01 of total WBC count (at the doses of 500 and 1000mg/kg), significant decreases P&lt;0.05 and P&lt;0.01 of total RBC respectively at the doses of 200 and 1000mg/kg, significant decrease of Hb with extreme significance P&lt;0.001 at the dose 1000mg/kg, %HTC also decrease dose response manner vs. control female rats. Biochemical study showed in male rats significant decreases in level of TG P&lt;0.001 (at the doses of 200 and 500mg/kg) and urea, although it showed any dose-dependent effect vs. control male rats. AST also decreases (P&lt;0.05) in male rats at the dose of 200mg/kg but significantly increase P&lt;0.001 at the dose of 500mg/kg. In the female rats, biochemical study revealed significant increases in level of TG P&lt;0.001 and urea P&lt;0.01 at the dose of 200mg/kg and significant decreases in level of TG P&lt;0.01, AST P&lt;0.05 and urea P&lt;0.05 at the dose of 500mg/kg (vs. control female rats). Microscopically, there were mild hepatic and renal tissue injuries supporting the hematological analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results indicated that aqueous extract of <em>Alstonia boonei</em> De Wild is toxic in high doses.</p>

scholarly journals Plasma Biomarkers to Detect Prevalent or Predict Progressive Tuberculosis Associated With Human Immunodeficiency Virus–1

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maia Lesosky ◽  
Molebogeng X Rangaka ◽  
Cara Pienaar ◽  
Anna K Coussens ◽  
Rene Goliath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Plasma Biomarkers ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Hiv 1

Abstract Background The risk of individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 developing tuberculosis (TB) is high, while both prognostic and diagnostic tools remain insensitive. The potential for plasma biomarkers to predict which HIV-1–infected individuals are likely to progress to active disease is unknown. Methods Thirteen analytes were measured from QuantiFERON Gold in-tube (QFT) plasma samples in 421 HIV-1–infected persons recruited within the screening and enrollment phases of a randomized, controlled trial of isoniazid preventive therapy. Blood for QFT was obtained pre-randomization. Individuals were classified into prevalent TB, incident TB, and control groups. Comparisons between groups, supervised learning methods, and weighted correlation network analyses were applied utilizing the unstimulated and background-corrected plasma analyte concentrations. Results Unstimulated samples showed higher analyte concentrations in the prevalent and incident TB groups compared to the control group. The largest differences were seen for C-X-C motif chemokine 10 (CXCL10), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-1α, transforming growth factor-α (TGF-α). A predictive model analysis using unstimulated analytes discriminated best between the control and prevalent TB groups (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.9), reasonably well between the incident and prevalent TB groups (AUC &gt; 0.8), and poorly between the control and incident TB groups. Unstimulated IL-2 and IFN-γ were ranked at or near the top for all comparisons, except the comparison between the control vs incident TB groups. Models using background-adjusted values performed poorly. Conclusions Single plasma biomarkers are unlikely to distinguish between disease states in HIV-1 co-infected individuals, and combinations of biomarkers are required. The ability to detect prevalent TB is potentially important, as no blood test hitherto has been suggested as having the utility to detect prevalent TB amongst HIV-1 co-infected persons.

scholarly journals Effect of an extract of Aloe vera on the biodistribution of sodium pertechnetate (Na99mTcO4) in rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 383-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecília Maria de Carvalho Xavier Holanda ◽  
Monique Batista da Costa ◽  
Natália Chilinque Zambão da Silva ◽  
Maurício Ferreira da Silva Júnior ◽  
Vanessa Santos de Arruda Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
High Increase ◽  
Tropical Plant ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain

PURPOSE: Aloe vera is a tropical plant popularly known in Brazil as babosa. We have investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Aloe vera on the biodistribution of Na99mTcO4 and laboratorial parameters in Wistar rats. METHODS: Twelve animals were divided into treated and control groups. In the treated group, Aloe vera was given by gavage (5mg/mL/day) during 10 days. The control group received sorbitol by the same way and period. One hour after the last dose, we injected 0.1mL of Na99mTcO4 by orbital plexus. After 60 min, all the animals were killed. Samples were harvested from the brain, liver, heart, muscle, pancreas, stomach, femur, kidneys, blood, testis and thyroid and the percentage of radioactivity (%ATI/g) was determined. Biochemical dosages were performed. RESULTS: There was a significant increase of %ATI/g in blood, femur, kidneys, liver, stomach, testis and thyroid and also in blood levels of AST and ALT. A significant decrease in levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine and urea occurred. The statistical analyses were performed by Mann-Whitney test and T-Student test (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The aqueous extract of Aloe vera facilitated the uptake of Na99mTcO4 in organs of rats and it was responsible to a high increase of levels of AST and ALT.

scholarly journals Hibiscus sabdariffa Aqueous Leaf Extract Reverses Hematological Alterations in Phenylhydrazine Anemic Wistar Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 30-38
Author(s):  
E. B. Umoren ◽  
T. A. Kolawole ◽  
I. Wopara ◽  
O. G. Adebayo ◽  
B. Ben-Azu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Aqueous Leaf Extract ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Hb Concentration

Background: The extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa commonly known as Sobo is widely consumed for its nutritional and health benefits. This study investigated the effect of aqueous leaf extract of  H. sabdariffa on anemic condition caused by phenylhydrazine in rats. Materials and Methods: Thirty (30) rats used for this study were divided into three groups of 10 rats each. Group 1 received distilled water and served as control. Group 2 received phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg, i.p.). Group 3 was treated with phenylhydrazine (40 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 minutes prior to administration of (200 mg/kg, p.o.) aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa (Sobo) once daily for 14 days. At the end, 2 ml blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture into clean sample bottles containing ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) for hematological analyses. Results: Sobo significantly increased (P<0.05) hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and packed cell volume (PCV) in the phenylhdrazine-treated rats. Also, Sobo significantly (P<0.05) increased total white blood cell (TWBC) in phenylhydrazine administered rats. However, the extract did not produce any significant effect on mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) relative to control and anemic groups. Conclusion: The findings from this study revealed that the aqueous extract of H. sabdariffa demonstrates anti-anemic effect in rats treated with phenylhydrazine, suggesting its ethno-pharmacological beneficial effect in anemic conditions.

scholarly journals A STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL CONTENT OF P. AMERICANALEAF ON HEMATOLOGICAL SYSTEM OF ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 464-467
Author(s):  
Ngozi a ◽  
◽  
N. Omeke ◽  
Haruna M. Ndahi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Phytochemical Content ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
And Control ◽  
Experimental Group

Given the medicinal importance of the avocado plant in alternative medicine,the present study aimed to study the effect of the phytochemical content of P. americana leaf extract on the hematological system of albino rats. Albino rats were obtained andclustered into sixgroups,with five rats per groupsimultaneously were assigned experimental and control. The rats in the experimental group were administered with varying doses of the prepared aqueous extract of P. americanawithin the period of the study. The rats in the control group were administered with other substances such as water and feed for the study period.The hematological system of the experimental animal was assessed after the administration of the extract, and it was observed that the aqueous extract of P. americana leaf recorded no significant adverse effect on the hematology system of the experimental study animal.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effects of Vernonia amygdalina (Astereaceae) Extract on CCl4-Induced Liver Injury in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3371
Author(s):  
Bemela Mawulom Tokofai ◽  
Kokou Idoh ◽  
Oyegunle Emmanuel Oke ◽  
Amegnona Agbonon
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Hepatocellular Damage ◽  
Randomized Design

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extract (VALE) on the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity (CCl4) in broiler chickens. A total of 360-day-old broilers were divided into 4 treatments of 90 birds each consisting of 6 replicates of 15 birds each. The treatments were birds offered 1 mL/kg BW saline (control group), 100 mg/kg BW VALE, 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (CCl4-treated group), and 100 mg/kg BW VALE + 1 mL/kg BW CCl4 (VALE + CCl4 group). Blood samples were collected at 42 days of age and analyzed for the liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and selected biochemical parameters. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design. The results obtained showed that VALE had the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of CCl4 on protein and lipid metabolism as reflected in the low serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, which is a marker of lipid peroxidation. The aqueous extract of Vernonia amygdalina (VA) at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight showed a moderate hepatoprotective effect by reducing serum AST levels (p < 0.05). The levels of serum AST, ALP, ALT, and GGT were significantly increased in CCl4-treated birds compared to the control group, reflecting carbon tetrachloride-induced liver damage. The VALE + CCl4 group showed a significantly higher amount of ALP compared to birds treated with carbon tetrachloride, suggesting a hepatoprotective effect. To conclude, Vernonia amygdalina aqueous extract can be used to confer protection against hepatotoxicity, which can induce severe hepatocellular damage in birds.

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