Differential Association of Free, Conjugated, and Bound Forms of Polyamines and Transcript Abundance of Their Biosynthetic and Catabolic Genes During Drought/Salinity Stress in Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Leaves

Polyamines have been implicated in ameliorating the detrimental effects of drought and saline conditions on plant growth and development. The independent impact of these two abiotic stresses on polyamine (PA) biosynthesis, catabolism, and homeostasis, as well as on their transcript abundance in tomato leaves, is presented here. We show that the total levels of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD), and spermine (SPM) increase up to 72 h during drought and up to 48 h during salinity stress before their precipitable drop thereafter. Thus, tomato plants maintain survivability to drought as well as salinity stress for up to 3 and 2 days, respectively. Independent multivariant analyses of drought and salinity stress kinetic data separately showed a closer association with levels of free, conjugated, and bound forms of SPD and SPM, but not with free or bound PUT. However, combined multivariant analyses showed a closer association of free SPD, conjugated SPD, and bound SPD with both stresses; SPD-bound and SPM conjugated with drought; and free SPM and conjugated PUT with salinity stress, respectively. PA biosynthesis genes, ARG1, SPDS1, and SAMDc3, segregated with drought and SPDS2 with salinity stress. PA catabolic genes CuAO4-like and PAO4 were associated with drought and salinity stresses, respectively, suggesting differential involvement of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes in drought and salinity stresses. Pearson correlation indicated mostly positive correlations between the levels of free, conjugated, and bound forms of PUT, SPD, and SPM under drought and salinity stress. However, negative correlations were mostly seen between the levels of various forms of the PAs and their biosynthesis/catabolic genes. Levels of different PA forms had a twofold higher negative correlation during drought as compared to salinity stress (66 vs. 32) and with transcript levels of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes. Transcripts of light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding genes were generally positively associated with different forms of PAs but negatively to carbon flow genes. Most of the PA biosynthesis genes were coordinately regulated under both stresses. Collectively, these results indicate that PAs are distinctly regulated under drought and salinity stress with different but specific homologs of PA biosynthesis and catabolic genes contributing to the accumulation of free, conjugated, and bound forms of PAs.

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The effect of methyl jasmonate and sodium silicate on the mineral composition of Solanum lycopersicum L. grown under salinity stress

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.1782 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 72 (3) ◽

Author(s):

Hassan Zamani ◽

Mohammad Javad Arvin ◽

Abdolhossein Aboutalebi Jahromi ◽

Vahid Abdossi ◽

Ali Mohammadi Torkashvand

Keyword(s):

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum ◽

Sodium Silicate ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Mineral Elements ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

P Content ◽

Salinity Levels ◽

Leaf P

Soil and water salinities have become a major problem for agricultural activities as they can negatively affect crop yield in different ways. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and sodium silicate (Si) on the content of selected mineral elements in the leaves of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under salinity stress. A fully randomized block experimental design was used with three factors, including three levels of salinity (0, 4, and 6 dS m−1), Si (0, 4, and 8 mM), and MeJA (0, 5, and 7.5 µM). Main plots were allocated to the three levels of salinity and the subplots were devoted to MeJA and Si levels. An increase in MeJA concentration was related to an 8.5% increase in leaf P content. When MeJA was applied at high salinity levels, the Na, Ca, and Mn concentrations decreased, but Fe increased. The application of 8 mM Si reduced the concentration of Cl by 50% at a salinity level of 4 dS m−1 in plants not treated with MeJA. The triple interaction of the factors was significant for K, Mg, and Cl (p < 0.01). Furthermore, the treatments used did induce significant differences in leaf Zn and N concentrations. The results indicate that MeJA and Si can partially mitigate the adverse impacts of salinity stress and contribute to an increased uptake of nutrients under saline conditions.

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Interaction of Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Transformed by rapA1 Gene with Pseudomonas sp. 102 Bacteria Resistant to High Cadmium Concentrations as a Basis for Effective Symbiotic Phytoremediation System

Biotekhnologiya ◽

10.21519/0234-2758-2019-35-2-38-48 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 38-48

Author(s):

L.R. Khakimova ◽

A.M. Lavina ◽

L.R. Karimova ◽

V.V. Fedyaev ◽

An.Kh. Baymiev ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Parameters ◽

Basic Research ◽

Toxic Effects ◽

Research Centre ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

High Concentrations ◽

The Government

A Pseudomonas sp. 102 strain, which is highly resistant to toxic effects of cadmium and has plant growth-promoting activity, can significantly increase growth parameters and biomass of tomato plants, including those observed under toxic effects of cadmium. The greatest positive effect was observed in plants transformed with the bacterial adhesin gene rapA1, the product of which is important for colonization of plant roots by bacteria. It was also shown that shoots of transgenic tomato plants accumulated the greatest amount of cadmium during inoculation with Pseudomonas sp. 102. The ability to extract high concentrations of cadmium and accumulate a large biomass under stress opens up prospects for the further use of associative interactions between tomato and Pseudomonas for phytoremediation. phytoremediation, cadmium, tomato, Pseudomonas, inoculation, agglutinins, This study was carried out using the equipment of the Biomika Centre for Collective Use of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics (Ufa Federal Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences) as part of the government task (project no. AAAA-A16-1160203500284). This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project nos. 18-34-20004 and 18-34-00033) and 18-344-0033 mol_a_ved and 34-00033 mol_a).

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Assessment of Morpho-Physiological, Biochemical and Antioxidant Responses of Tomato Landraces to Salinity Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10040696 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 696

Author(s):

Reem H. Alzahib ◽

Hussein M. Migdadi ◽

Abdullah A. Al Ghamdi ◽

Mona S. Alwahibi ◽

Abdullah A. Ibrahim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Proline Content ◽

Enzymatic Antioxidants ◽

Sod Activity ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Antioxidants Activity ◽

Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽

Salinity Levels

Understanding salt tolerance in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) landraces will facilitate their use in genetic improvement. The study assessed the morpho-physiological variability of Hail tomato landraces in response to different salinity levels at seedling stages and recommended a tomato salt-tolerant landrace for future breeding programs. Three tomato landraces, Hail 548, Hail 747, and Hail 1072 were tested under three salinity levels: 75, 150, and 300 mM NaCl. Salinity stress reduced shoots’ fresh and dry weight by 71% and 72%, and roots were 86.5% and 78.6%, respectively. There was 22% reduced chlorophyll content, carotene content by 18.6%, and anthocyanin by 41.1%. Proline content increased for stressed treatments. The 300 mM NaCl treatment recorded the most proline content increases (67.37 mg/g fresh weight), with a percent increase in proline reaching 61.67% in Hail 747. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity decreased by 65% in Hail 548, while it relatively increased in Hail 747 and Hail 1072 treated with 300 mM NaCl. Catalase (CAT) activity was enhanced by salt stress in Hail 548 and recorded 7.6%, increasing at 75 and 5.1% at 300 mM NaCl. It revealed a reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) at the 300 mM NaCl concentration in both Hail 548 and Hail 1072 landraces. Increasing salt concentrations showed a reduction in transpiration rate of 70.55%, 7.13% in stomatal conductance, and 72.34% in photosynthetic rate. K+/Na+ ratios decreased from 56% for 75 mM NaCl to 85% for 300 mM NaCl treatments in all genotypes. The response to salt stress in landraces involved some modifications in morphology, physiology, and metabolism. The landrace Hail 548 may have better protection against salt stress and observed protection against reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing enzymatic “antioxidants” activity under salt stress.

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Halotolerant Microbial Consortia for Sustainable Mitigation of Salinity Stress, Growth Promotion, and Mineral Uptake in Tomato Plants and Soil Nutrient Enrichment

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13158369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 8369

Author(s):

Chintan Kapadia ◽

R. Z. Sayyed ◽

Hesham Ali El Enshasy ◽

Harihar Vaidya ◽

Deepshika Sharma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Stress Factors ◽

Microbial Consortia ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Mineral Uptake ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Secondary Roots

Salinity significantly impacts the growth, development, and reproductive biology of various crops such as vegetables. The cultivable area is reduced due to the accumulation of salts and chemicals currently in use and is not amenable to a large extent to avoid such abiotic stress factors. The addition of microbes enriches the soil without any adverse effects. The effects of microbial consortia comprising Bacillus sp., Delftia sp., Enterobacter sp., Achromobacter sp., was evaluated on the growth and mineral uptake in tomatoes (Solanum Lycopersicum L.) under salt stress and normal soil conditions. Salinity treatments comprising Ec 0, 2, 5, and 8 dS/m were established by mixing soil with seawater until the desired Ec was achieved. The seedlings were transplanted in the pots of the respective pH and were inoculated with microbial consortia. After sufficient growth, these seedlings were transplanted in soil seedling trays. The measurement of soil minerals such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Mn, and pH and the Ec were evaluated and compared with the control 0 days, 15 days, and 35 days after inoculation. The results were found to be non-significant for the soil parameters. In the uninoculated seedlings’ (control) seedling trays, salt treatment significantly affected leaf, shoot, root dry weight, shoot height, number of secondary roots, chlorophyll, and mineral contents. While bacterized seedlings sown under saline soil significantly increased leaf (105.17%), shoot (105.62%), root (109.06%) dry weight, leaf number (75.68%), shoot length (92.95%), root length (146.14%), secondary roots (91.23%), and chlorophyll content (−61.49%) as compared to the control (without consortia). The Na and K intake were higher even in the presence of the microbes, but the beneficial effect of the microbe helps plants sustain in the saline environment. The inoculation of microbial consortia produced more secondary roots, which accumulate more minerals and transport substances to the different parts of the plant; thus, it produced higher biomass and growth. Results of the present study revealed that the treatment with microbial consortia could alleviate the deleterious effects of salinity stress and improve the growth of tomato plants under salinity stress. Microbial consortia appear to be the best alternative and cost-effective and sustainable approach for managing soil salinity and improving plant growth under salt stress conditions.

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Evaluation of the Nutrients Uptake by Tomato Plants in Different Phenological Stages Using an Electrical Conductivity Technique

Agriculture ◽

10.3390/agriculture11040292 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 292

Author(s):

Ilie Bodale ◽

Gabriela Mihalache ◽

Vladut Achiţei ◽

Gabriel-Ciprian Teliban ◽

Ana Cazacu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Xylem Sap ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Phenological Stages ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Bulb Formation ◽

High Consumption ◽

Nutrients Uptake ◽

Nutrient Consumption ◽

Flow Through

Nutrient consumption by plants depends on the growth stage and environmental conditions. In general, plants take up species of elements at different speeds. We monitored and recorded the electrical charge flow through xylem sap of tomato plants (Brillante F1) using femto/picoammeter equipment (Keysight B2981A). This technique evaluates the nutrient uptake of tomato treated with the most common macronutrients (KNO3; KH2PO4; Ca(NO3)2; KCl) by monitoring the electrical conductivity for 24 h. The electrical conductivity of each treatment correlated with the plant growth and development stages. The results showed that the tomato plants had a high consumption of nutrients in the vegetative stage, while in other stages, they had a specific consumption, like phosphorus for bulb formation, potassium for increasing the number of flowers and water for the ripening of fruits. The quantitative evaluation of the ions absorbed by the plant was based on the magnitude and shape of the electrical conductivity curves. Our technique is an efficient method to determine nutrient consumption and is useful in predicting the deficiency of a certain element in tomato plants.

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Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-Based Phenotyping Using Morphometric and Spectral Analysis Can Quantify Responses of Wild Tomato Plants to Salinity Stress

Frontiers in Plant Science ◽

10.3389/fpls.2019.00370 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Kasper Johansen ◽

Mitchell J. L. Morton ◽

Yoann M. Malbeteau ◽

Bruno Aragon ◽

Samir K. Al-Mashharawi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Spectral Analysis ◽

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Tomato Plants ◽

Wild Tomato ◽

Aerial Vehicle

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Transcriptome analysis of bread wheat leaves in response to salt stress

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0254189 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0254189

Author(s):

Nazanin Amirbakhtiar ◽

Ahmad Ismaili ◽

Mohammad-Reza Ghaffari ◽

Raheleh Mirdar Mansuri ◽

Sepideh Sanjari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Tolerance ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Transcript Abundance ◽

Crop Productivity ◽

Mapk Signaling ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Phenylpropanoid Biosynthesis ◽

Wheat Leaves

Salinity is one of the main abiotic stresses limiting crop productivity. In the current study, the transcriptome of wheat leaves in an Iranian salt-tolerant cultivar (Arg) was investigated in response to salinity stress to identify salinity stress-responsive genes and mechanisms. More than 114 million reads were generated from leaf tissues by the Illumina HiSeq 2500 platform. An amount of 81.9% to 85.7% of reads could be mapped to the wheat reference genome for different samples. The data analysis led to the identification of 98819 genes, including 26700 novel transcripts. A total of 4290 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were recognized, comprising 2346 up-regulated genes and 1944 down-regulated genes. Clustering of the DEGs utilizing Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) indicated that transcripts associated with phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, transporters, transcription factors, hormone signal transduction, glycosyltransferases, exosome, and MAPK signaling might be involved in salt tolerance. The expression patterns of nine DEGs were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR in Arg and Moghan3 as the salt-tolerant and susceptible cultivars, respectively. The obtained results were consistent with changes in transcript abundance found by RNA-sequencing in the tolerant cultivar. The results presented here could be utilized for salt tolerance enhancement in wheat through genetic engineering or molecular breeding.

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Influences of Participation Motivation and Satisfaction of Nursing Students on Continuance Willingness of Voluntary Activities

The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education ◽

10.5977/jkasne.2018.24.4.415 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (4) ◽

pp. 415-423

Author(s):

Ya Ki Yang

Keyword(s):

Nursing Students ◽

Correlation Coefficient ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Descriptive Statistics ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Factors Influencing ◽

Participation Motivation ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Relationship

Purpose: This study was done to examine the relationship between participation motivation, satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities of nursing students, and to identify factors influencing continuance willingness of voluntary activities. Methods: The research participants were 175 nursing students in the nursing departments of 3 universities located in G city and J province in Korea. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression. Results: Participants' scores for participation motivation, satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities were $3.24{pm}0.76$, $3.11{pm}0.83$ and $3.03{pm}0.85$ respectively. Participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities had positive correlations. Satisfaction and continuance willingness of voluntary activities had positive correlations. Factors influencing nursing students' continuance willingness of voluntary activities included participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities. And these variables explained 74% of the variance in continuance willingness of voluntary activities. Conclusion: The findings show that development and application of educational programs to increase participation motivation and satisfaction of voluntary activities are important and will improve nursing students' continuance willingness of voluntary activities.

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Biochar addition alleviate the negative effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean productivity and water use efficiency

10.21203/rs.3.rs-33869/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Yaojun Zhang ◽

Jiaqi Ding ◽

Hong Wang ◽

Lei Su ◽

Cancan Zhao

Keyword(s):

Grain Yield ◽

Water Use Efficiency ◽

Water Use ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Crop Growth ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Gaseous Exchange ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Effects Of Drought

Abstract Background: Environmental stress is a crucial factor restricting plant growth as well as crop productivity, thus influencing the agricultural sustainability. Biochar addition is proposed as an effective management to improve crop performance. However, there were few studies focused on the effect of biochar addition on crop growth and productivity under interactive effect of abiotic stress (e.g., drought and salinity). This study was conducted with a pot experiment to investigate the interaction effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean yield, leaf gaseous exchange and water use efficiency (WUE) under biochar addition. Results: Drought and salinity stress significantly depressed soybean phenology (e.g. flowering time) and all the leaf gas exchange parameters, but had inconsistent effects on soybean root growth and WUE at leaf and yield levels. Salinity stress significantly decreased photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2 concentration and transpiration rate by 20.7%, 26.3%, 10.5% and 27.2%, respectively. Lower biomass production and grain yield were probably due to the restrained photosynthesis under drought and salinity stress. Biochar addition significantly enhanced soybean grain yield by 3.1-14.8%. Drought stress and biochar addition significantly increased WUE-yield by 27.5% and 15.6%, respectively, while salinity stress significantly decreased WUE-yield by 24.2%. Drought and salinity stress showed some negative interactions on soybean productivity and leaf gaseous exchange. But biochar addition alleviate the negative effects on soybean productivity and water use efficiency under drought and salinity stress. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicated that drought and salinity stress could significantly depress soybean growth and productivity. There exist interactive effects of drought and salinity stress on soybean productivity and water use efficiency, while we could employ biochar to alleviate the negative effects. We should consider the interactive effects of different abiotic restriction factors on crop growth thus for sustainable agriculture in the future.

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Self-efficacy, Adaptability and Intention of Searching for Vocational Guidance in Adolescents

Paidéia (Ribeirão Preto) ◽

10.1590/1982-4327e2840 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Rodolfo Augusto Matteo Ambiel ◽

Thaline da Cunha Moreira ◽

Dianniffer Aparecida Oliveira ◽

Edson Cardoso Pereira ◽

Débora Noemi Hernandez

Keyword(s):

High School Students ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Vocational Guidance ◽

Career Adaptability ◽

School Students ◽

The Difference ◽

Positive Correlations ◽

The Individual ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Vocational guidance (VG) involves several variables that can help the individual to make a professional choice and build his or her career. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between self-efficacy for professional choice and career adaptability in high school students, as well as to verify possible differences regarding the intention or not to participate in a VG process. 272 students participated in this study, from a public school, aged between 14 and 19 years, 51.5% female. A Sociodemographic Questionnaire, the Self-efficacy Scale for Professional Choice (EAE-EP) and the Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS-Brazil) were applied. From the Pearson correlation analysis, ANOVA and Cohen’s d, the results indicated positive correlations between the constructs, in addition, it was observed the difference between the students who would like or not to undergo a VG process. Implications for the practice are discussed.

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