scholarly journals Organic Selenium (OH-MetSe) Effect on Whole Body Fatty Acids and Mx Gene Expression against Viral Infection in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Juveniles

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2877
Author(s):  
Yiyen Tseng ◽  
David Dominguez ◽  
Jimena Bravo ◽  
Felix Acosta ◽  
Lidia Robaina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
The Impact

The supplementation of fish diets with OH-SeMet reduces oxidative stress and modulates immune response against bacterial infection. However, despite the importance of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in fish nutrition and their high risk of oxidation, the potential protective effect of OH-SeMet on these essential fatty acids has not been studied in detail. Moreover, while viral infection is very relevant in seabream production, no studies have focused the Se effects against viral infection. The aim of the present study was to assess the impact of dietary supplementation with OH-SeMet on gilthead seabream fatty acid profiles, growth performance and response against viral infection. Gilthead seabream juveniles (21.73 ± 0.27 g) were fed for 91 days with three experimental diets, a control diet without supplementation of Se (0.29 mg Se kg diet−1) and two diets supplemented with OH-SeMet (0.52 and 0.79 mg Se kg diet−1). A crowding stress test was performed at week 7 and an anti-viral response challenge were conducted at the end of the feeding trial. Selenium, proximate and fatty acid composition of diets and body tissues were analyzed. Although fish growth was not affected, elevation in dietary Se proportionally raised Se content in body tissues, increased lipid content in the whole body and promoted retention and synthesis of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Specifically, a net production of DHA was observed in those fish fed diets with a higher Se content. Additionally, both monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids were significantly reduced by the increase in dietary Se. Despite the elevation of dietary Se to 0.79 mg kg−1 not affecting basal cortisol levels, 2 h post-stress plasma cortisol levels were markedly increased. Finally, at 24 h post-stimulation, dietary OH-SeMet supplementation significantly increased the expression of the antiviral response myxovirus protein gene, showing, for the first time in gilthead seabream, the importance of dietary Se levels on antiviral defense.

scholarly journals Docosahexaenoic Acid and Eicosapentaenoic Acid Intakes Modulate the Association of FADS2 Gene Polymorphism rs526126 with Plasma Free Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels in Overweight Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (21) ◽  
pp. 9845
Author(s):  
Alexandra Mihailescu ◽  
Vlad Serafim ◽  
Corina Paul ◽  
Nicoleta Andreescu ◽  
Diana-Andreea Tiugan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Docosahexaenoic Acid ◽  
Gene Polymorphism ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Genetic Variants ◽  
The Body ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
The Impact

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are involved in a wide variety of biological functions. Linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid are two essential fatty acids that the body cannot synthesize. The conversion rates in the body depend on FADS2 genetic variants. Certain variations in this gene are directly responsible for the low levels and poor conversion efficiency of the delta-6 desaturase enzyme, resulting in low circulating levels of docosahexaenoic acid. In this study, we evaluated the impact of the rs526126 FADS2 gene polymorphism on fatty acid levels in a group of two hundred children (n = 95 males, n = 105 females) aged 7–18 years, with obesity defined by BMI > +2 SD. Fatty acid quantification was performed by LC-MS/MS while genotyping for genetic variants was performed using a custom-made hotspot sequencing panel of 55 SNPs. Our results suggest that rs526126 FADS2 gene polymorphism specifically impacts the plasma levels of free n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, the presence of the minor allele G of rs526126 could have beneficial effects, as it was associated with higher levels of free docosahexaenoic acid in plasma, especially in children with low n-3 intakes.

Fatty Acids: Evolution in Relation to Neurobiology

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (9) ◽  
pp. 683-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Clandinin
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Chain Elongation ◽  
Brain Membrane ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Long Chain

Metabolism of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids derived from 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 by chain elongation – desaturation is essential for synthesis of complex structural lipids, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and prostaglandins. These essential fatty acids are required for normal function in developing tissues and appropriate maturation of a wide variety of physiological processes. During development, fetal accretion of long-chain metabolites of ω−6 and ω−3 fatty acids may result from maternal or placental synthesis and transfer or, alternatively, from the metabolism of 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3 to longer chain homologues by the fetus. After birth the infant must synthesize or be fed the very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids of C20 and C22 type derived from 18:2ω−6 and 18:3ω−3.Metabolism of ω−6 and ω−3 fatty acids utilizes the same enzyme system and is competitive. When levels of dietary ω−3 and ω−6 C18 fatty acids are altered, the levels of metabolites of these precursor fatty acids change in specific brain membranes, influencing membrane lipid dependent functions. For example, a diet unbalanced in very long chain ω−3 and ω−6 fatty acids may increase brain membrane ω−3 fatty acid content when 20:5ω−3 is fed, while decreasing membrane fatty acid content of the ω−6 series of competing fatty acids. As 20:4ω−6 is quantitatively and qualitatively important to brain phospholipid, significant reduction in brain levels of 20:4ω−6 may be less than optimal. The impact of these compositional changes on brain function is not yet clear.The authors in this symposium address how this general area of essential fatty acid metabolism is relevant to the evolution of man, growth and development of fish, function of the retina and neural tissue, cognitive development of infants, and infant nutrition.

scholarly journals Changes in fatty acid concentrations in tissues of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus Burchell, as a consequence of dietary carnitine, fat and lysine supplementation

2001 ◽  
Vol 86 (5) ◽  
pp. 623-636 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. A Ozório ◽  
J. L. A Uktoseja ◽  
E. A. Huisman ◽  
J. A. J Verreth
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
African Catfish ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Lysine ◽  
Body Tissues ◽  
Fat Supplements

A study was undertaken to examine the effect of different dietary carnitine (200 and 1000 mg/kg diet) and fat (90 and 190 g/kg diet) supplementation on growth and fatty acid concentrations of fish fed either with a low- (13 g/kg) or a high-lysine (21 g/kg) diet. African catfish (22·7 g/fish), Clarias gariepinus Burchell, juveniles were stocked (sixteen aquaria, twenty-five fish per aquarium) and fed for a maximum of 74 d. Dietary lysine had a clear effect on growth performance and feed conversion ratios, but dietary carnitine supplements had no effect. High-carnitine supplements increased total carnitine content (P<0·0004) and reduced tissue free carnitine: acyl-carnitine ratio (P<0·05) compared with low-carnitine supplements. High-fat supplements decreased liver carnitine concentrations. Clear effects on liver fatty acid concentrations were observed in high-carnitine-fed fish compared with low-carnitine-fed fish. The primary liver fatty acids affected were 18:2n-6 (linoleic acid), 20:5n-3 (eicosapentanoic acid) and 22:6n-3 (docosahexanoic acid). The whole-body fatty acid balance suggested that 20:5n-3 disappeared (apparently by β-oxidation) more readily than 18:2n-6 and/or 22:6n-3. From 774 mg 20:5n-3 eaten by high-lysine–high-fat–low-carnitine fish, 58 % was not assimilated into body tissues. High-carnitine-fed fish showed an increase in 20:5n-3 oxidation by 7 % compared with low-carnitine fish. Although dietary carnitine did not improve body growth, these results support the hypothesis that carnitine can enhance the mobilisation of long-chain fatty acids towards oxidation.

scholarly journals Comparison of Fatty Acid Compositions of Commercial Fish and Fish By-Products Oils Used in Fish Feed Industry in Turkey

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 1941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kutsal Gamsız ◽  
Ali Yıldırım Korkut ◽  
Aysun Kop
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Fish Nutrition ◽  
Fish Feed ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Feed Industry ◽  
By Products

Fats have a function in transmitting the necessary fatty acids to fish as well as being an energy source in fish nutrition. In particular, high-chain unsaturated fatty acids are needed for feeding saltwater fish. In this study, the fatty acid composition of fish oils obtained from some whole-body fish and fish by-products used in the fish-feed industry in Turkey was determined and compared with each other. Accordingly, SFA (Saturated fatty acids) ratios were in the range of 15.57-33.38% in the oils obtained from the whole-body fish and in the range of 16.3-31.89% in the oils from fish by-products; MUFA (Monounsaturated fatty acids) ratios were in the range of 24-38.69% in the oils obtained from the whole-body fish and in the range of 25.81-47.57% in the oils from fish by-products; PUFA (Polyunsaturated fatty acids) ratios were in the range of 31-36.73% in the oils obtained from the whole-body fish and in the range of 33.54-36.78% in the oils from fish by-products. Given DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) ratios which are among the most important PUFAs for nutrition, it was determined that DHA ratios were in the range of 14.08-19.10% in the oils obtained from the whole-body fish and in the range of 3.55-15.28% in the oils from fish by-products, whereas EPA ratios were in the range of 8-9.89% in the oils obtained from the whole-body fish and in the range of 2.63-15.28% in the oils from fish by-products.

scholarly journals Effect of different dietary lipid levels on growth performance, slaughter yield, chemical composition, and histology of liver and intestine of pikeperch, Sander lucioperca

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 136-149 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kowalska ◽  
Z. Zakęś ◽  
B. Jankowska ◽  
K. Demska-Zakęś
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Sander Lucioperca ◽  
The Impact

In this study, 16-month-old pikeperch, Sander lucioperca, (initial body weight 280 g) were fed three diets with different lipid levels with the aim of determining the impact on the growth performance, hepatic and intestinal histological structure, chemical composition, and slaughter yield of this species. The fish were fed isoproteinaceous feeds (450 g protein/kg feed) containing 60 g lipids/kg feed (group F6), 100 g lipids/kg feed (group F10) and 180 g lipids/kg feed (group F18). No significant differences were noted among the treatment groups in body weight gain and in the feeding coefficients of experimental feeds (P &gt; 0. 05). In the group of fish administered the diet with the lowest lipid content (group F6), the share of skinned fillet in the whole body weight was the highest (48% vs. 43% in group F18) (P &lt; 0.05). No significant differences among groups were confirmed in the relative values of the viscera weight (4.8&ndash;5.8%) (P &gt; 0.05). The highest values of the size of hepatocytes and their nuclei, intestinal cells, supranuclear vacuoles of enterocytes, and the degree of vacuolization in hepatocytes were determined in group F18 (P &lt; 0.05), indicating histopathological changes. The highest body and viscera lipid contents were noted in individuals from group F18 (P &lt; 0.05). The high lipid content in the viscera of fish from this group was linked to the significantly lowest content of protein and ash. The levels of lipids, protein, and ash were similar (P &gt; 0.05) in the pikeperch fillets from the three feeding treatments. The levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-6 PUFA) in the whole fish body, in the viscera and fillets (P &lt; 0.05) were the significantly highest in group F18. Significant differences in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) among the groups were confirmed in the whole fish body and viscera (P &lt; 0.05), while the values in the fillets were similar (P &gt; 0.05). The n&ndash;3/n&ndash;6 index for the fish fillets ranged from 2.4 (group F18) to 4.7 (group F6) (P &lt; 0.05). The levels of n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3 HUFA), arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the fillets of fish from the three dietary treatments were similar (P &gt; 0.05). The fillets of fish from group F6, however, had the lowest levels of linolenic and linoleic acid (ALA and LA) and the highest levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (P &lt; 0.05).

scholarly journals Fatty acid profiles of muscle, liver, heart and kidney of Australian prime lambs fed different polyunsaturated fatty acids enriched pellets in a feedlot system

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung Van Le ◽  
Don Viet Nguyen ◽  
Quang Vu Nguyen ◽  
Bunmi Sherifat Malau-Aduli ◽  
Peter David Nichols ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles

Growth and carcass characteristics of three lamb genotypes finished on the same level of feeding

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. W. McClintont ◽  
A. F. Carson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Ash Content

AbstractThis study investigated the efficiency of growth and the carcass characteristics of 24 Greyface (Border Leicester × Scottish Blackface), 24 Texel (12 purebred and 12 Texel × Texel-Greyface) and 24 Rouge (12 purebred and 12 Rouge × Rouge-Greyface) lambs finished on the same level of feeding. The efficiency of live-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·01). The efficiency of empty body-weight gain (kg/MJ) was higher in Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) compared with Texel lambs. The efficiency of carcass gains (kg/MJ) tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·07). The efficiency of non-carcass component gains (kg/MJ) was also higher in Greyface compared with Texel lambs (P0·05). Carcass water, protein, lipid and ash gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes, however carcass energy gain tended to be higher in Greyface and Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P= 0·08). The relative proportions of water, protein, lipid and ash in carcass gains did not vary significantly between the genotypes. At the end of the experiment carcass water content was higher in Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and carcass ash content was lower in Texel compared with Greyface (P< 0·01) and Rouge (P< 0·05) lambs. The concentration of saturated fatty acids was higher in Greyface compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001) and higher in Rouge compared with Texel lambs (P< 0·05). Monounsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05) and higher in Texel compared with Rouge lambs (P< 0·001). Polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations were higher in Rouge and Texel compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·01). The ratio of n-6:n-3 fatty acids was lower in Rouge compared with Greyface lambs (P< 0·05).The efficiency of empty body gain was higher in male compared with female lambs (P< 0·05). Carcass water (P< 0·01) and protein (P< 0·05) gains were higher in male lambs. At the end of the experiment male carcasses contained a higher content of water (P< 0·05), protein (P< 0·01) and ash (P= 0·07), and a lower lipid (P< 0·05) and energy (P< 0·001) content. Carcass lipids from male lambs contained a higher concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids (P< 0·001) and tended to contain a lower concentration of saturated fatty acids (P = 0·06).

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