scholarly journals Therapeutic Approach of Flavonoid in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Targeting Mitochondrial-Induced Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (21) ◽  
pp. 11616
Author(s):  
Syaifuzah Sapian ◽  
Izatus Shima Taib ◽  
Jalifah Latip ◽  
Haliza Katas ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Therapeutic Approach ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Therapeutic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Biological Actions

Diabetes cardiomyopathy is one of the key factors of mortality among diabetic patients around the globe. One of the prior contributors to the progression of diabetic cardiomyopathy is cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction. The cardiac mitochondrial dysfunction can induce oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes and was found to be the cause of majority of the heart morphological and dynamical changes in diabetic cardiomyopathy. To slow down the occurrence of diabetic cardiomyopathy, it is crucial to discover therapeutic agents that target mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress. Flavonoid is a plentiful phytochemical in plants that shows a wide range of biological actions against human diseases. Flavonoids have been extensively documented for their ability to protect the heart from diabetic cardiomyopathy. Flavonoids’ ability to alleviate diabetic cardiomyopathy is primarily attributed to their antioxidant properties. In this review, we present the mechanisms involved in flavonoid therapies in ameliorating mitochondrial-induced oxidative stress in diabetic cardiomyopathy.

Role of Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (18) ◽  
pp. 2650-2656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Diaz-Morales ◽  
Susana Rovira-Llopis ◽  
Irene Escribano-Lopez ◽  
Celia Bañuls ◽  
Sandra Lopez-Domenech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Oxidative stress and diabetic cardiovascular disorders: roles of mitochondria and NADPH oxidaseThis review is one of a selection of papers published in a Special Issue on Oxidative Stress in Health and Disease.

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 241-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry X. Shen
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Cardiovascular Complications ◽  
Hypoglycemic Agents ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 ◽  
In Cells

Cardiovascular diseases are the predominant cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Underlying mechanism for the susceptibility of diabetic patients to cardiovascular diseases remains unclear. Elevated oxidative stress was detected in diabetic patients and in animal models of diabetes. Hyperglycemia, oxidatively modified atherogenic lipoproteins, and advanced glycation end products are linked to oxidative stress in diabetes. Mitochondria are one of major sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells. Mitochondrial dysfunction increases electron leak and the generation of ROS from the mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC). High levels of glucose and lipids impair the activities of MRC complex enzymes. NADPH oxidase (NOX) generates superoxide from NADPH in cells. Increased NOX activity was detected in diabetic patients. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia increased the expression of NOX in vascular endothelial cells. Accumulated lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress induced by excessive ROS production is linked to many processes associated with diabetic cardiovascular complications. Overproduction of ROS resulting from mitochondrial dysfunction or NOX activation is associated with uncoupling of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, which leads to reduced production of nitric oxide and endothelial-dependent vasodilation. Gene silence or inhibitor of NOX reduced oxidized or glycated LDL-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in endothelial cells. Statins, hypoglycemic agents, and exercise may reduce oxidative stress in diabetic patients through the reduction of NOX activity or the improvement of mitochondrial function, which may prevent or postpone the development of cardiovascular complications.

Curcuma longa extract reduces the risk of oxidative stress during intense physical exertion

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
A. A. Khisamova ◽  
O. A. Gizinger
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Physical Exertion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Irreversible Processes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wide Range

Increased physical exertion is a catalyst for oxidative stress and the production of reactive oxygen species, which entails irreversible processes in the body, leading to chronic diseases and disability. This article contains a literature review of studies that prove the effect of the antioxidant properties of Curcuma longa on cells under oxidative stress. To search for data, a wide range of literature and databases was explored: Pubmed, Google.Scholar, and Embase.

scholarly journals Metabolism: A Novel Shared Link between Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer’s Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Sun ◽  
Cao Ma ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Wei Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Impaired Insulin ◽  
The Brain

As a chronic metabolic disease, diabetes mellitus (DM) is broadly characterized by elevated levels of blood glucose. Novel epidemiological studies demonstrate that some diabetic patients have an increased risk of developing dementia compared with healthy individuals. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most frequent cause of dementia and leads to major progressive deficits in memory and cognitive function. Multiple studies have identified an increased risk for AD in some diabetic populations, but it is still unclear which diabetic patients will develop dementia and which biological characteristics can predict cognitive decline. Although few mechanistic metabolic studies have shown clear pathophysiological links between DM and AD, there are several plausible ways this may occur. Since AD has many characteristics in common with impaired insulin signaling pathways, AD can be regarded as a metabolic disease. We conclude from the published literature that the body’s diabetic status under certain circumstances such as metabolic abnormalities can increase the incidence of AD by affecting glucose transport to the brain and reducing glucose metabolism. Furthermore, due to its plentiful lipid content and high energy requirement, the brain’s metabolism places great demands on mitochondria. Thus, the brain may be more susceptible to oxidative damage than the rest of the body. Emerging evidence suggests that both oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are related to amyloid-β (Aβ) pathology. Protein changes in the unfolded protein response or endoplasmic reticulum stress can regulate Aβ production and are closely associated with tau protein pathology. Altogether, metabolic disorders including glucose/lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein changes caused by DM are associated with an impaired insulin signal pathway. These metabolic factors could increase the prevalence of AD in diabetic patients via the promotion of Aβ pathology.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Properties of Fullerene Derivatives Depend on Their Chemical Structure: A Study of Two Fullerene Derivatives on HELFs

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vasilina Sergeeva ◽  
Olga Kraevaya ◽  
Elizaveta Ershova ◽  
Larisa Kameneva ◽  
Elena Malinovskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Human Embryonic Lung ◽  
Fullerene Derivatives ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short Times

Oxidative stress is a major issue in a wide number of pathologies (neurodegenerative, cardiovascular, immune diseases, and cancer). Because of this, the search for new antioxidants is an important issue. One of the potential antioxidants that has been enthusiastically discussed in the past twenty years is fullerene and its derivatives. Although in aqueous solutions fullerene derivatives have shown to be antioxidants, their properties in this regard within the cells are controversially discussed. We have studied two different water-soluble fullerene C60 and C70 derivatives on human embryonic lung fibroblasts at a wide range of concentrations. Both of them cause a decrease in cellular ROS at short times of incubation (1 hour). Their prolonged action, however, is fundamentally different: derivative GI-761 causes secondary oxidative stress whereas derivative VI-419-P3K keeps ROS levels under control values. To gain a better understanding of this effect, we assessed factors that could play a role in the response of cells to fullerene derivatives. Increased ROS production occurred due to NOX4 upregulation by GI-761. Derivative VI-419-P3K activated the transcription of antioxidant master regulator NRF2 and caused its translocation to the nucleus. This data suggests that the antioxidant effect of fullerene derivatives depends on their chemical structure.

scholarly journals The adaptive immune role of metallothioneins in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy: good or bad

2019 ◽  
Vol 317 (2) ◽  
pp. H264-H275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tingwen Ge ◽  
Youxi Yu ◽  
Jiuwei Cui ◽  
Lu Cai
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Adaptive Immunity ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Zinc Homeostasis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Low Grade

Diabetes is a metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, resulting in low-grade systemic inflammation. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a common complication among diabetic patients, and the mechanism underlying its induction of cardiac remodeling and dysfunction remains unclear. Numerous experimental and clinical studies have suggested that adaptive immunity, especially T lymphocyte-mediated immunity, plays a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and DCM. Metallothioneins (MTs), cysteine-rich, metal-binding proteins, have antioxidant properties. Some potential mechanisms underlying the cardioprotective effects of MTs include the role of MTs in calcium regulation, zinc homeostasis, insulin sensitization, and antioxidant activity. Moreover, metal homeostasis, especially MT-regulated zinc homeostasis, is essential for immune function. This review discusses aberrant immune regulation in diabetic heart disease with respect to endothelial insulin resistance and the effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia on tissues and the different effects of intracellular and extracellular MTs on adaptive immunity. This review shows that intracellular MTs are involved in naïve T-cell activation and reduce regulatory T-cell (Treg) polarization, whereas extracellular MTs promote proliferation and survival in naïve T cells and Treg polarization but inhibit their activation, thus revealing potential therapeutic strategies targeting the regulation of immune cell function by MTs.

scholarly journals Flavonoids on diabetic nephropathy: advances and therapeutic opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qichao Hu ◽  
Caiyan Qu ◽  
Xiaolin Xiao ◽  
Wenwen Zhang ◽  
Yinxiao Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Diabetic Nephropathy ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
The Body ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tgf Β1

AbstractWith the advances in biomedical technologies, natural products have attracted substantial public attention in the area of drug discovery. Flavonoids are a class of active natural products with a wide range of pharmacological effects that are used for the treatment of several diseases, in particular chronic metabolic diseases. Diabetic nephropathy is a complication of diabetes with a particularly complicated pathological mechanism that affects at least 30% of diabetic patients and represents a great burden on public health. A large number of studies have shown that flavonoids can alleviate diabetic nephropathy. This review systematically summarizes the use of common flavonoids for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. We found that flavonoids play a therapeutic role in diabetic nephropathy mainly by regulating oxidative stress and inflammation. Nrf-2/GSH, ROS production, HO-1, TGF-β1 and AGEs/RAGE are involved in the process of oxidative stress regulation. Quercetin, apigenin, baicalin, luteolin, hesperidin, genistein, proanthocyanidin and eriodictyol were found to be capable of alleviating oxidative stress related to the aforementioned factors. Regarding inflammatory responses, IL-1, IL-6β, TNF-α, SIRT1, NF-κB, and TGF-β1/smad are thought to be essential. Quercetin, kaempferol, myricetin, rutin, genistein, proanthocyanidin and eriodictyol were confirmed to influence the above targets. As a result, flavonoids promote podocyte autophagy and inhibit the overactivity of RAAS by suppressing the upstream oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways, ultimately alleviating DN. The above results indicate that flavonoids are promising drugs for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy. However, due to deficiencies in the effect of flavonoids on metabolic processes and their lack of structural stability in the body, further research is required to address these issues.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Arrest on the Microtubule Highway—A Feature of Heart Failure and Diabetic Cardiomyopathy?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Kassab ◽  
Zainab Albalawi ◽  
Hussam Daghistani ◽  
Ashraf Kitmitto
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Mitochondrial Movement ◽  
Inflammatory Conditions ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Mitochondrial Motility

A pathophysiological consequence of both type 1 and 2 diabetes is remodelling of the myocardium leading to the loss of left ventricular pump function and ultimately heart failure (HF). Abnormal cardiac bioenergetics associated with mitochondrial dysfunction occurs in the early stages of HF. Key factors influencing mitochondrial function are the shape, size and organisation of mitochondria within cardiomyocytes, with reports identifying small, fragmented mitochondria in the myocardium of diabetic patients. Cardiac mitochondria are now known to be dynamic organelles (with various functions beyond energy production); however, the mechanisms that underpin their dynamism are complex and links to motility are yet to be fully understood, particularly within the context of HF. This review will consider how the outer mitochondrial membrane protein Miro1 (Rhot1) mediates mitochondrial movement along microtubules via crosstalk with kinesin motors and explore the evidence for molecular level changes in the setting of diabetic cardiomyopathy. As HF and diabetes are recognised inflammatory conditions, with reports of enhanced activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, we will also consider evidence linking microtubule organisation, inflammation and the association to mitochondrial motility. Diabetes is a global pandemic but with limited treatment options for diabetic cardiomyopathy, therefore we also discuss potential therapeutic approaches to target the mitochondrial-microtubule-inflammatory axis.

Curcumin-C3 Complexed with α-, β-cyclodextrin Exhibits Antibacterial and Antioxidant Properties Suitable for Cancer Treatments

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 988-1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desu N. K. Reddy ◽  
Ramya Kumar ◽  
Shao-Pin Wang ◽  
Fu-Yung Huang
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Molar Ratios ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range

Background: The curcumin-C3 (cur-C3) complex obtained from Curcuma longa rhizome is a combination of three curcuminoids, namely, curcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Cur and curcuminoids have been extensively researched for their wide range of therapeutic properties against inflammatory diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Objective: In spite of their extensive medicinal properties, cur and curcuminoids have poor solubility and bioavailability due to their hydrophobicity. This limitation can be overcome by complexing cur-C3 with natural cyclic oligosaccharides, such as Cyclodextrin (CD). Methods: In this study, cur-C3 and CD (α, β) inclusion complexes (ICs) were prepared with different molar ratios and characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Results: The cur-C3 cyclodextrin ICs showed an increased entrapment efficiency of 97.8% and improved antioxidant activity compared to cur and can be used as an antioxidant to reduce cancer-related oxidative stress. Additionally, α- CD ICs of curcumin-C3 caused an increase in growth inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that both α- and β-CDs are suitable carriers for cur-C3 and can be used as an effective treatment for cancer-associated oxidative stress and as a preventive treatment for nosocomial infections and pneumonia.

scholarly journals The Potential Role of Flavonoids in Ameliorating Diabetic Cardiomyopathy via Alleviation of Cardiac Oxidative Stress, Inflammation and Apoptosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 5094
Author(s):  
Fatin Farhana Jubaidi ◽  
Satirah Zainalabidin ◽  
Izatus Shima Taib ◽  
Zariyantey Abd Hamid ◽  
Siti Balkis Budin
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Remedial Actions

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is one of the major mortality risk factors among diabetic patients worldwide. It has been established that most of the cardiac structural and functional alterations in the diabetic cardiomyopathy condition resulted from the hyperglycemia-induced persistent oxidative stress in the heart, resulting in the maladaptive responses of inflammation and apoptosis. Flavonoids, the most abundant phytochemical in plants, have been reported to exhibit diverse therapeutic potential in medicine and other biological activities. Flavonoids have been widely studied for their effects in protecting the heart against diabetes-induced cardiomyopathy. The potential of flavonoids in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy is mainly related with their remedial actions as anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic agents. In this review, we summarize the latest findings of flavonoid treatments on diabetic cardiomyopathy as well as elucidating the mechanisms involved.

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