scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Property Response of 3D-Printed Scalmalloy with Different Heat-Treatment Times at 325 °C

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
C. N. Kuo ◽  
P. C. Peng ◽  
D. H. Liu ◽  
C. Y. Chao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treatment Parameter ◽  
New Material ◽  
Application Potential ◽  
3D Printed

According to the material nature, aluminum alloys are widely applied in aerospace, construction, and automotive applications due to their characteristics of being lightweight, having good formability, and having good corrosion resistance. To further improve the degree of the lightweight quality, introducing a new material with high specific strength and a structure with a lightweight design would be efficient. Scalmalloy (Al-4.49Mg-0.71Sc-0.51Mn-0.27Zr-0.07Fe-0.03Si alloy), which exhibits high specific strength and is made by a 3D printing process with less design limitation, has huge application potential. In this study, the selective laser melting (SLM) process was introduced for sample preparation. Through XRD, EBSD, and TEM, the microstructure of the heat-treated samples at 325 °C with different heat-treatment times was analyzed to evaluate the optimized heat-treatment parameter for 3D printed Scalmalloy. The relationship between the mechanical properties and the variation of precipitation size and volume fraction is discussed in detail in this study.

Vanadium Additions to a High-Cr White Iron and its Effects on the Abrasive Wear Behavior.

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (59-60) ◽  
pp. 3077-3089
Author(s):  
Alexeis Sánchez ◽  
Arnoldo Bedolla-Jacuinde ◽  
Francisco V. Guerra ◽  
I. Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Abrasive Wear ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Wear Behaviour ◽  
White Iron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Bulk Hardness ◽  
Abrasive Wear Behavior ◽  
Vanadium Carbides

AbstractFrom the present study, vanadium additions up to 6.4% were added to a 14%Cr-3%C white iron, and the effect on the microstructure, hardness and abrasive wear were analysed. The experimental irons were melted in an open induction furnace and cast into sand moulds to obtain bars of 18, 25, and 37 mm thickness. The alloys were characterized by optical and electronic microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. Bulk hardness was measured in the as-cast conditions and after a destabilization heat treatment at 900°C for 45 min. Abrasive wear resistance tests were undertaken for the different irons according to the ASTM G65 standard in both as-cast and heat-treated conditions under a load of 60 N for 1500 m. The results show that, vanadium additions caused a decrease in the carbon content in the alloy and that some carbon is also consumed by forming primary vanadium carbides; thus, decreasing the eutectic M7C3 carbide volume fraction (CVF) from 30% for the base iron to 20% for the iron with 6.4%V;but overall CVF content (M7C3 + VC) is constant at 30%. Wear behaviour was better for the heat-treated alloys and mainly for the 6.4%V iron. Such a behaviour is discussed in terms of the CVF, the amount of vanadium carbides, the amount of martensite/austenite in matrix and the amount of secondary carbides precipitated during the destabilization heat treatment.

Effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties of 3D printed polylactic acid parts

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-78
Author(s):  
Pulkin Gupta ◽  
Sudha Kumari ◽  
Abhishek Gupta ◽  
Ankit Kumar Sinha ◽  
Prashant Jindal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Fused Deposition Modelling ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Maximum Decrease ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a layer-by-layer manufacturing process type of 3D-printing (3DP). Significant variation in the mechanical properties of 3D printed specimens is observed because of varied process parameters and interfacial bonding between consecutive layers. This study investigates the influence of heat treatment on the mechanical strength of FDM 3D printed Polylactic acid (PLA) parts with constant 3DP parameters and ambient conditions. To meet the objectives, 7 sets, each containing 5 dog-bone shaped samples, were fabricated from commercially available PLA filament. Each set was subjected to heat treatment at a particular temperature for 1 h and cooled in the furnace itself, while one set was left un-treated. The temperature for heat treatment (Th) varied from 30 °C to 130 °C with increments of 10 °C. The heat-treated samples were characterized under tensile loading of 400 N and mechanical properties like Young’s modulus (E), Strain % ( ε ) and Stiffness (k) were evaluated. On comparing the mechanical properties of heat-treated samples to un-treated samples, significant improvements were observed. Heat treatment also altered the geometries of the samples. Mechanical properties improved by 4.88 % to 10.26 % with the maximum being at Th of 110 °C and below recrystallization temperature (Tr) of 65 °C. Deformations also decreased significantly at higher temperatures above 100 °C, by a maximum of 36.06 %. The dimensions of samples showed a maximum decrease of 1.08 % in Tr range and a maximum decrease of 0.31 % in weight at the same temperature. This study aims to benefit the society by establishing suitable Th to recover the lost strength in PLA based FDM 3D printed parts.

Blechkomponenten aus hochfestem Aluminium*/Sheet metal components made of high-strength aluminium

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (10) ◽  
pp. 639-645
Author(s):  
P. Groche ◽  
J. Günzel ◽  
T. Suckow
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Process Chain ◽  
Lightweight Construction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
High Specific Strength

Zur Ausnutzung der hohen spezifischen Festigkeit und folglich Eignung als Leichtbauwerkstoff von EN AW-7075 bedarf es neben den Umform- auch Wärmebehandlungsprozessen, die im Folgenden in den Umformprozess integriert werden und die Prozesskette somit deutlich kürzer und effizienter gestalten. Dieser Fachbeitrag zeigt, welches Produktivitäts- und Leichtbaupotenzial durch eine Inline-Wärmebehandlung erschlossen werden kann.   To be able to exploit the high specific strength and thus suitability of EN AW-7075 as a lightweight construction material, it requires not only forming but also heat treatment processes. The latter become integrated into the forming process and thus make the process chain significantly shorter and more efficient. This paper points out the potential for productivity and lightweight construction to be tapped by inline heat treatment.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Rapidly Solidified β-Type Ti–Fe–Sn–Mo Alloys with High Specific Strength and Low Elastic Modulus

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li ◽  
Ma ◽  
Jia ◽  
Meng ◽  
Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
High Specific Strength ◽  
Microstructure And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Mo Content ◽  
Rapidly Solidified

The microstructure and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified β-type Ti–Fe–Sn–Mo alloys with high specific strength and low elastic modulus were investigated. The results show that the phases of Ti–Fe–Sn–Mo alloys are composed of the β-Ti, α-Ti, and TiFe phases; the volume fraction of TiFe phase decreases with the increase of Mo content. The high Fe content results in the deposition of TiFe phase along the grain boundary of the Ti phase. The Ti75Fe19Sn5Mo1 alloy exhibits the high yield strength, maximum compressive strength, large plastic deformation, high specific strength, high Vickers hardness, and large toughness value, which is a superior new engineering material. The elastic modulus (42.1 GPa) of Ti75Fe15Sn5Mo5 alloy is very close to the elastic modulus of human bone (10–30 GPa), which indicating that the alloy can be used as a good biomedical alloy. In addition, the large H/Er and H3/Er2 values of Ti75Fe19Sn5Mo1 alloy indicate the good wear resistance and long service life as biomedical materials.

Influence of the Sheet Manufacturing Process on the Forming Limit Behaviour of Twin-Roll Cast, Rolled and Heat-Treated AZ31

2017 ◽  
Vol 746 ◽  
pp. 154-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thorsten Henseler ◽  
Madlen Ullmann ◽  
Rudolf Kawalla ◽  
Franz Berge
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Metal ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lightweight Design ◽  
Sheet Thickness ◽  
Forming Limit ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Limit Behaviour ◽  
Twin Roll Cast ◽  
Twin Roll

In the age of lightweight design, magnesium alloys play an increasing role in weight reduction of transport vehicles. The specific strength compared to aluminium alloys and steel grades is superior, giving the material great potential in lightweight application. The automobile and aeronautic industry use sheet metals with minimum thicknesses, making research in this field very important. Successful sheet metal forming depends on various process parameters and material characteristics. Thus, the influence of sheet thickness on the forming limit behaviour of twin-roll cast, rolled and heat-treated AZ31 was investigated. Nakajima tests were performed on a hydraulic sheet metal testing device at elevated temperatures with various sheet thicknesses from 0.6 mm to 2.0 mm. The results show an increase in formability with rising temperatures for all sheets. Furthermore, changes in formability among the sheet thicknesses were linked to their divergent microstructures, which result from the different sheet manufacturing parameters.

scholarly journals Fatigue Improvement of AlSi10Mg Fabricated by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion through Heat-Treatment.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Sajadi ◽  
Jan-Marc Tiemann ◽  
Nooshin Bandari ◽  
Ali Cheloee Darabi ◽  
Javad Mola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
Powder Bed ◽  
Treated Condition ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Treatment Parameter ◽  
Heat Treated Condition

This study aims to identify an optimal heat-treatment parameter set for an additively manufactured AlSi10Mg alloy in terms of increasing the hardness and eliminating the anisotropic microstructural characteristics of the alloy in as-built condition. Furthermore, the influence of these optimized parameters on the fatigue properties of the alloy investigated. In this respect, microstructural characteristics of an AlSi10Mg alloy manufactured by Laser-Based Powder Bed Fusion in non-heat-treated and heat-treated conditions were investigated. Their static and dynamic mechanical properties were evaluated, and fatigue behavior was explained by a detailed examination of fracture surfaces. Much of the microstructure in the non-heat-treated condition was composed of columnar grains oriented parallel to the build direction. Further analysis revealed a high fraction of pro-eutectic α-Al. Through heat-treatment, the alloy was successfully brought to its peak-hardened condition, while eliminating the anisotropic microstructural features. Yield strength and ductility increased simultaneously after heat-treatment, which is due to the relief of residual stresses, preservation of refined grains, and introduction of precipitation strengthening. The fatigue strength, calculated at 10^7 cycles, improved as well after heat-treatment and finally detailed fractography reviled that a more ductile fracture mechanism has happened in the heat-treated condition compared to the non-heat-treated condition.

Effect of heat treatment on crystallinity and mechanical properties of flexible structures 3D printed with fused deposition modeling

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110649
Author(s):  
Ajay Jayswal ◽  
Sabit Adanur
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Ultimate Tensile Strength ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Dog Bone ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
3D Printed

Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is a widely used 3D printing technique, which works based on the principle of melted polymer extrusion through nozzle(s) and depositing them on a build plate layer by layer. However, products manufactured with this method lack proper mechanical strength. In this work, 2/1 twill weave fabric structures are 3D printed using poly (lactic) acid (PLA). The ultimate tensile strength in the warp and weft directions and the modulus (stiffnesses) are measured for non-heat-treated (NHT) samples. The printed samples were heat-treated (HT) to improve the strength and stiffness. The variation in ultimate tensile strength is statistically insignificant in warp direction at all temperatures; however, the tensile strength in weft direction decreased after heat treatment. The modulus in warp direction increased by 31% after heat treatment while in the weft direction it decreased after heat treatment. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed the highest crystallinity at 125°C. The properties of the twill fabrics were compared with a standard dog-bone (DB) specimen using uniaxial tensile tests, Differential scanning calorimetry tests, and optical microscope (OM). For dog-bone specimens, the maximum values of crystallinity, ultimate tensile strength, and modulus were found to be at 125°C. The maximum crystallinity percentages are higher than that of the NHT samples. The ultimate tensile strength of NHT DB specimen 3D printed in horizontal orientation improved after heat treatment. The ultimate tensile strength of DB samples in vertical directions increased after heat treatment as well. The stiffness increased in both directions for DB samples.

Effects of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Properties of AZ91D Magnesium Alloy

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 410-413
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Fang Long ◽  
Hao Ran Geng ◽  
Fang Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Test ◽  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Az91d Alloy ◽  
Az91d Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated

The microstructure, hardness and corrosion resistance of AZ91D alloy were investigated under different solution treatments and artificial aging conditions.When ascast AZ91D alloy was heat treated at 415°C by solution treatmentfor 12 h and artificially aged at 200°C, the volume fraction of precipitates increased with the aging time up to 10 h.When ascast AZ91D alloy was treated at 430°C by solution treatment for 12 h and artificially aged at 200°C for 10h, the volume fraction of precipitates reached a peak value.The results of the corrosion test showed that a high corrosion resisting of the second phase precipitates was beneficial to improving the strength and hardness. Solution treatment at 445°C temperature for 12 h destroied the consecutiveness of β-Mg17Al12 phases.

Changes in viscosity of processed creams during storage at 5 °C

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Langley
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Fat Volume

SummaryThe viscosity of heat treated creams increased with time (t). The rate (k) was dependent on homogenization pressure, fat content and heat treatment temperatures. Viscosity and its rate of increase could be related by the expressions:log η = log η0 + kt(where η0 is the viscosity at t = 0),log η0 = a1 + b1φ/d(where φ is the fat volume fraction, d is the globule diameter) andk = a2 + b2φ/d.Different values of a1b1a2 and b2 were found for homogenized and unhomogenized creams.

Tensile and Creep Behavior of Ordered Orthorhombic Ti2A1Nb-Based Alloys

1990 ◽  
Vol 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.G. Rowe ◽  
D.G. Konitzer ◽  
A.P. Woodfield ◽  
J.C. Chesnutt
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Titanium Aluminide Alloys

ABSTRACTTitanium aluminide alloys with compositions near Ti-25A1-25Nb at.% were prepared by both rapid solidification and ingot techniques. Their tensile and creep properties were studied after heat treatment to produce various microstructures containing ordered orthorhombic (O) [1], ordered beta (βo), and α2 phases. It was found that these alloys had higher specific strength from room temperature to 760°C than conventional α2 alloys. Ductility and tensile strength of O+βo alloys were strongly dependent upon heat treatment, with the highest strength observed as-heat-treated, and the highest ductility after long term aging. The creep resistance of single phase O and two phase O+βo alloys was strongly dependent upon heat treatment.

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