scholarly journals Gambaran Pengetahuan Tentang Rumah Tunggu Kelahiran Di Tamher Timur

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-234
Author(s):  
Oktovina Sofiah Rattu ◽  
Alfa Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Technical Instructions ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Limited Health ◽  
Article 5

The birth waiting home program is listed in the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 82 of 2015 concerning technical instructions for the use of special allocation funds in the health sector and supporting facilities and infrastructure for the health sarpras sub-sector for the 2016 fiscal year in article 5 concerning the operational costs of the birth waiting house. In Indonesia, especially in the archipelago, the mortality rate for pregnant women is still high, thus indicating a low degree of health. This is caused by various factors including geographic, socio-economic factors, limited means of transportation, limited health facilities and health workers. To overcome this, we need a special place close to basic health care facilities or a hospital that can be temporarily occupied by pregnant women before labor arrives called the Home Waiting for Birth (RTK), which has an important function as a temporary residence for pregnant women until they arrive during childbirth. Keywords: Knowledge, Home Waiting For Birth

scholarly journals Peluang Psikoedukasi Keluarga untuk Pencegahan Kekambuhan Orang dengan Gangguan Jiwa di Papua

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193
Author(s):  
Nasrah Halim ◽  
Achir Yani Syuhaimie Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Relapse Prevention ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Family Psychoeducation ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
Limited Health ◽  
Google Search

Psikoedukasi keluarga dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pencegahan kekambuhan  Orang Dengan Gangguan Jiwa (ODGJ) khususnya di Papua yang memiliki keterbatasan sumberdaya kesehatan antara lain kemampuan mengakses fasilitas layanan kesehatan, dan keterbatasan tenaga kesehatan.  Kondisi ini diperberat dengan banyaknya jumlah ODGJ serta keadaan geografis yang sulit.  Artikel ini bertujuan menguraikan  peluang psikoedukasi keluarga dalam mengatasi keterbatasan sumberdaya kesehatan di Papua. Metode yang digunakan adalah review sistematis (systematic review)  pada artikel yang dipublikasikan di database elektronik nasional maupun internasional. Jurnal Lokal menggunakan pencarian google sedangkan jurnal internasional menggunakan database ProQuest, Sage Publications, Science Direct SpringerLink. Dan Wiley Online. Kriteria inklusi meliputi psikoedukasi keluarga yang berfokus dalam pencegahan kekambuhan dan pemulihan ODGJ baik di Indonesia dengan rentang tahun 2018-2020 sedangkan Internasional rentang tahun 2015-2020. Hasil didapatkan 1464 artikel ekstraksi 33 artikel yang relevan yang kemudian penulis mengidentifikasi 21 artikel yang menunjukkan efektivitas psikoedukasi keluarga dalam pencegahan kekambuhan ODGJ baik pada jurnal nasional maupun internasional. Kata kunci: pencegahan kekambuhan, psikoedukasi keluarga OPPORTUNITIES FOR FAMILY PSYCHEDUCATION FOR RELAPSE PREVENTION OF PEOPLE WITH THE MENTAL DISORDER  IN PAPUA ABSTRACTFamily psychoeducation can be used as an alternative relapse prevention of people with mental disorders (PWMD), especially in Papua, which has limited health resources both health care facilities, health workers, the number of ODGJ and geographical conditions. The purpose of this article is to identify opportunities for family psychoeducation in overcoming the limitations of health resources in Papua. The method used is a systematic review of articles published in national and international electronic databases. Local journals use Google search while international journals use ProQuest, Sage Publications, Science Direct SpringerLink databases. And Wiley Online. Inclusion criteria include family psychoeducation which focuses on relapse prevention and recovery of PWMD both in Indonesia in the range 2018-2020 while International ranges in 2015-2020. The results obtained were 1464 articles extracted 33 relevant articles which then the authors identified 21 articles that show the effectiveness of family psychoeducation in preventing PWMD recurrence in both national and international journals.  Keywords: family psychoeducation, relapse prevention

scholarly journals Sistem Pendukung Keputusan untuk Penentuan Prioritas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat melalui Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat Menggunakan Metode Topsis

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 501
Author(s):  
Alif Catur Murti ◽  
Ahmad Abdul Chamid
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Environmental Health ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
The Republic

<p class="Abstrak">Sektor kesehatan yang menjadi pilar utama  pemerintah Kabupaten Kudus diwujudkan dengan pengembangan sarana serta pelayanan kesehatan yang baik di masing – masing kecamatan. Dinas kesehatan memiliki tanggung jawab untuk melakukan upaya menjaga dan meningkatkan taraf kesehatan masyarakat, dengan dibantu tenaga kesehatan yang berada di puskesmas dan pustu di tiap kecamatan. Kondisi tingkat kesehatan masyarakat yang fluktuatif terjadi, karena dipengaruhi oleh tidak tepatnya sasaran masyarakat yang perlu dilakukan pemberdayaan, Dapat dikatakan promosi kesehatan ini masih belum dapat dikatakan efektif, karena belum adanya sistem yang bisa memrioritaskan masyarakat yang membutuhkan pemberdayaan dalam bentuk promosi dan penyuluhan kesehatan. Dalam penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah TOPSIS dan kriteria yang digunakan ada 4 yaitu KIA, Kesehatan Lingkungan, Gaya Hidup, dan Upaya Kesehatan masyarakat. Masing – masing kriteria memiliki jumlah indikator penilaian yang berbeda dimana KIA memiliki 4 indikator, Kesehatan lingkungan dan gaya hidup masing – masing 5 indikator, sedangkan upaya kesehatan masyarakat 2 indikator. Indikator penilaian ini sesuai dengan Peraturan Mentri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 2269/MENKES/PER/XI/2011.<strong> </strong>Metode TOPSIS digunakan karena mampu mencari alternatif optimal berdasarkan jarak ideal positif dan negatif. Dari hasil analisa Kritria PHBS (Prilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat) yang menjadi faktor penentu adalah pada kriteria Upaya kesehatan Masyarakat karena tahapan akhir dari kesadaran pentingnya kesehatan tidak hanya sampai individu saja, melainkan sudah berkembang sampai mendukung dan melakukan upaya kesehatan masyarakat.</p><p class="Abstrak"> </p><p class="Abstrak"><em><strong>Abstract</strong></em></p><p class="Abstract">The health sector which is the main pillar of the Kudus Regency government is realized by developing good health facilities and services in each sub-district. The health office has the responsibility to make efforts to maintain and improve the health of the community, with the help of health workers in the health center in each sub-district. Fluctuating public health conditions occur, because it is influenced by the inaccurate target of the community that needs to be empowered. It can be said that this health promotion still cannot be said to be effective, because there is no system that can prioritize people who need empowerment in the form of health promotion and counseling. In this study the method used is TOPSIS and the criteria used are 4, namely KIA, Environmental Health, Lifestyle, and Public Health Efforts. Each criterion has a number of different assessment indicators where KIA has 4 indicators, environmental health and lifestyle of each of the 5 indicators, while public health efforts are 2 indicators. The indicator of this assessment is in accordance with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No 2269 / MENKES / PER / XI / 2011. The TOPSIS method is used because it is able to find optimal alternatives based on ideal positive and negative distances. From the results of the PHBS Critical (Clean and Healthy Lifestyle) analysis that are the determining factors are the criteria for Public Health Efforts because the final stages of awareness of the importance of health are not only for individuals, but have developed to support and make public health efforts.</p>

scholarly journals The Role of Leadership, Organizational Citizenship Behavioral and Work Environment in Improving Employee Job Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nursaid, Feti Fatimah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Community Health Centers ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Employee Job Satisfaction ◽  
The Impact

Early 2020 was marked by the outbreak of the Covid 19 pandemic throughout the world in general and Indonesia in particular. All parties work together to be able to cope with the Covid 19 pandemic outbreak. One of the institutions that has an important role in handling the Covid 19 pandemic is an institution engaged in the health sector, such as independent practice places for health workers, community health centers, clinics, hospitals, pharmacies, blood transfusion units, health laboratories, optics, service facilities. Medicine for legal purposes, and traditional health care facilities (PP No. 47/2016 Article 4). All health facilities are making every effort to be able to provide assistance to reduce the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to analyze and determine the impact of leadership, organizational citizenship behavioral and work environment on employee job satisfaction at Dr. Rawap Inap Clinic. M. Suherman, University of Muhammadiyah Jember. The study population was all employees of the Rawap Inap Clinic dr. M. SUherman Universitas Muhammadiyah Jember, amounting to 70 employees consisting of doctors, nurses and administrative staff as well as office boys. The number of samples in this study were 34 respondents who had filled out a questionnaire sent by google form. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the work environment has an effect on employee job satisfaction. Leadership and organizational citizenship behavioral do not have a significant effect on employee satisfaction.

scholarly journals “KEBUMILTAR” (KELOMPOK IBU HAMIL PINTAR) SEBAGAI UPAYA PENURUNAN ANGKA KOMPLIKASI PERSALINAN IBU DI WILAYAH PESISIR KABUPATEN NAGAN RAYA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Teungku Nih Farisni ◽  
Dian Fera
Keyword(s):  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Service Activity ◽  
Training Of Trainers

ABSTRAK Tingginya angka kematian ibu dan bayi di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya menjadi perhatian khusus disektor kesehatan. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah pendidikan pada masa hamil (prenatal) yang minim, pendidikan prenatal sangat penting dalam rangka mempersiapkan pasangan untuk menjadi orang tua. Kurangnya pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang kehamilannya merupakan salah satu bentuk ketidakberdayaan yang dapat mendukung tingginya angka kematian ibu/perinatal. Kegiatan pengabdian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengimplemantasikan program berbasis masyarakat yang memfasilitasi masyarakat untuk membentuk kelompok hamil pintar dan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dan meningkatkan kepatuhan ibu hamil untuk melakukan Antenatal Care (ANC) di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Nagan Raya. Metode Penelitian ini adalah one group pre post design dengan Training Of Trainer (TOT) kader berjumlah 10 kader yang diukur pengetahuan, sikap, dan self-efficasy sebelum dan sesudah TOT. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah instrumen baku yang terdapat pada pedoman kelas ibu hamil. Setelah kader mengikuti TOT, kemudian kader membentuk kelompok ibu hamil pintar berjumlah 2 kelompok (10 ibu hamil/kelompok).  Analisis data menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan uji Wilcoxon. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dari pengetahuan, sikap, dan self-efficacy kelompok ibu hamil pintar (P-Value < 0,05). Melalui pembentukan kelompok ibu hamil pintar ini dapat diaplikasikan secara mandiri dan kontinue melalui kader kesehatan dengan pengawasan petugas kesehatan, sehingga bisa menurunkan angka kematian ibu dan angka kematian bayi. Kata Kunci: Ibu-hamil, Pintar, Kader, ANC ABSTRACT The high maternal and infant mortality rates in the coastal areas of Nagan Raya Regency are of particular concern in the health sector. One reason is that education in the prenatal period is minimal, prenatal education is very important in order to prepare couples to become parents. Lack of knowledge of pregnant women about pregnancy is one form of helplessness that can support the high maternal / perinatal mortality rate. This service activity was carried out aimed at implementing community-based programs that facilitate the community to form smart pregnancy groups and increase the knowledge of pregnant women and increase the adherence of pregnant women to carry out Antenatal Care (ANC) in the Coastal Area of ​​Nagan Raya Regency. The method of this research is one group pre post design with training of trainers (TOT) cadres totaling 10 cadres who measured knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy before and after TOT. The instruments used were standard instruments contained in class guidelines for pregnant women. After the cadres joined TOT, then the cadres formed 2 groups of smart pregnant women (10 pregnant women / groups). Data analysis using frequency distribution and Wilcoxon test. The result of this service activity is that there is a significant difference from the knowledge, attitudes, and self-efficacy of the group of smart pregnant women (P-Value <0.05). Through the establishment of this group of smart pregnant women, it can be applied independently and continuously through health cadres with the supervision of health workers, so as to reduce maternal. Keywords: Mother-pregnant, Smart, Cadre, ANC

scholarly journals Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kecemasan Ibu Hamil Primigravida Trisemster III dalam Menghadapi Persalinan di Puskesmas Batu Aji Kota Batam Tahun 2018

PSYCHE 165 ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 30-39
Author(s):  
Yuditia Prameswari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Occupational Status ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uterine Contractions ◽  
Anxiety And Fear

The first pregnancy (primigravida) is a very important event for women because in addition to feeling happy and meaningful, it is also possible to feel anxiety and fear, when preparing for labour, especially entering the third trimester. Anxiety and fear can cause pain and can lead to decreased uterine contractions, so the labor process will last longer. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors that influencing the anxiety of Primigravida Trimester III pregnant women, in dealing with childbirth at the Batu Aji Health Center in Batam in 2018. This study was analytical with a cross sectional approach conducted in May - September 2018 at the Batu Aji City Health Center Batam. Data from the Batam City Health Office (Dinas Kesehatan Kota Batam) in 2017 shows that the highest coverage of pregnant women visits is in the Batu Aji Health Center with 4073 pregnant women. The sampling technique is total sampling with a sample size of 40 pregnant women. This study used the HRS-A questionnaire and checklist sheet. The researcher revealed that knowledge, occupational status, age were the factors to be studied. Data analysis using Chi-Square and the results obtained p = 0,000 <0,05, which indicates a significant correlation between the knowledge of pregnant women and anxiety of pregnant women, p = 0,155 <0,05, no correlation between working status and the anxiety of pregnant women, p = 0.571 ≥ 0.05 and there is a correlation between the age of the mother and the anxiety of pregnant women, p = 0.004 <0.050. There were 23 pregnant women who experienced low anxiety (57.7%), 35 people had good knowledge about pregnancy (87.5%). Advice for health workers is to be able to improve the quality of care for pregnant women to reduce anxiety experienced by mothers, and pregnant women should use the health care facilities that have been provided.

scholarly journals Maternal and Health System Predictors of Preeclampsia among Pregnant Women Attending Health Care Facilities in Lusaka, Zambia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-185
Author(s):  
Pamela Mwansa
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Health System ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Knowledge Gaps ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

Preeclampsia (PE) Is The Leading Cause Of Maternal And Perinatal Morbidity/Mortality. A Study In Lusaka Estimated Preeclampsia/Eclampsia Prevalence At 18.9%. The Aim Of The Study Was To Determine The Health System And Maternal Predictors Of Preeclampsia Among Pregnant Women Attending Public Health Facilities (HF) In Lusaka, Zambia. This Is A 12months Retrospective Cohort Study. Records Of 770 Pregnant Women During Antenatal Care Between January To December 2020 From Five HFs In Lusaka Were Reviewed And Classified Into With Or Without PE. The Risk Factors For PE Were Abstracted From The Records. Descriptive Analysis And Inferential Statistics Were Determined. The Respondents Were Aged 18-40years With Mean Age Of 27.09 Years And SD±5.1. Age 25- 32 Years Accounted For 344 (45%), Married 250 (82%), 346 (45%) Had Secondary School Education And 293 (38%) Had Parity Of 2. Significant Differences Were Observed In The Administration Of Magnesium Sulphate And Oxygen For Severe Preeclampsia (P = 0.001) And Anti-Hypertensive For Eclampsia (P < 0.05). Knowledge Gaps In The Diagnosis And Management Of Pre-Eclampsia Were Identified. Multivariate Analysis Revealed Woman’s Age (AOR= 0.326, 95% CI: 0.0024-0.8231), Education AOR= 0.128, 95% CI: 0.00121-0.0323) And A Good Nutritional Diet AOR= 0.109, 95% CI: 0.0393-0.4639) Were Independent Predator Of PE. Predictors Of PE Amongst Pregnant Women Were Having Preeclampsia In The Previous Pregnancy, Having Parity Of Three Or More, And Knowledge Gaps In The Diagnosis And Management Of PE Were Found. We Recommend Refresher Training On Detection And Management Of PE Among Health Workers Attending To Pregnant Women.

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS HAK MENDAPATKAN PELAYANAN KESEHATAN DITINJAU DARI ASPEK HAK ASASI MANUSIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Irwansyah Reza Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Human Rights ◽  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Right

As a result of the violation of Human Rights ( HAM ) in the health care field can cause harm to people who are in desperate need of adequate provision of health services, so that the necessary law enforcement efforts against violators in health services for the community. It is intended to assure the protection of the public with regard to the violation of the right to obtain health care. In the health sector the perpetration of these violations of human rights can involve leaders of health care facilities or health workers who practice or work in health care facilities as opposed to health care legislation. This research aims to determine the result of the violation of human right in health care, so that the right to health is not achieved and law enforcement against infringement in terms of aspects of health care human rights. The specific objective is to determine the laws governing the right to obtain medical care and enforcement of violations in health care.Akibat terjadinya pelanggaran Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) di bidang pelayanan kesehatan dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi masyarakat yang sangat membutuhkan pemenuhan pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai, sehingga diperlukan upaya penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku pelanggaran dalam pelayanan kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan jaminan perlindungan bagi masyarakat berkaitan dengan pelanggaran atas hak untuk memperoleh kesehatan. Di bidang kesehatan terjadinya perbuatan pelanggaran hak-hak asasi manusia dapat melibatkan pimpinan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan atau tenaga kesehatan yang melakukan praktik atau pekerjaan pada fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan yang bertentangan dengan undang-undang kesehatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan akibat terjadinya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia dalam pelayanan kesehatan, sehingga pemenuhan hak atas kesehatan tidak tercapai dan penegakan hukum terhadap pelanggaran dalam pelayanan kesehatan ditinjau dari aspek hak asasi manusia dan tujuan khususnya yaitu untuk mengetahui peraturan perundang-undangan mengatur mengenai hak dalam memperoleh pelayanan kesehatan dan penegakan terhadap pelanggaran dalam pelayanan kesehatan.

scholarly journals Ibu Hamil pada Masa Pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia : Pengetahuan, Kecemasan dan Motivasi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Angesti Nugraheni ◽  
Sri Mulyani ◽  
Ika Sumiyarsi Sukamto ◽  
Mujahidatul Musfiroh ◽  
Niken Bayu Argaheni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Good Knowledge ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
To Come

COVID-19 pandemic threatens the entire population. However, there are special populations such as pregnant women who are predicted to be at higher risk and more susceptible to exposure to infectious diseases. Knowledge and understanding of Covid-19 is very important to be able to deal with the pandemic properly and minimize anxiety coming to health care facilities. Efforts to check pregnancy from every pregnant woman can be achieved if the individual has the motivation to achieve the desired pregnancy target. The purpose of this study was to find out the knowledge and anxiety about COVID-19 among pregnant women and how their motivation is to keep doing prenatal check-ups. This research is a correlational quantitative research with a cross sectional approach. Researchers collaborated with SEKOCI (Sekolah Komplementer Cinta Ibu) to provide online counseling to its members consisting of 69 pregnant women from various cities every 7 days for 1 month, then an evaluation was carried out with an online questionnaire how the knowledge gained, the anxiety that felt and motivated to monitor pregnancy for health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Testing the relationship of the three variables with multiple linear regression analysis. This study showed that the majority of respondents had good knowledge about COVID-19 (76%), experienced moderate levels of anxiety (69%), and had motivation to monitor pregnancy (93%). Based on the results of the analysis obtained there is a significant relationship between knowledge and motivation (p = 0.039). There is a significant relationship between anxiety and motivation (p=0.004). There is a relationship between knowledge and anxiety with motivation (p=0.004). Pregnant women in Indonesia have good knowledge about COVID-19, their knowledge can reduce anxiety levels and remain motivated to come to health workers to monitor pregnancy.Conclusion: Pregnant women in Indonesia have good knowledge about COVID-19, the knowledge they have that can reduce the number of victims and still have the motivation to come to health workers to do the condition..

scholarly journals Peculiarities of forming human resources in the healthcare system of the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of reforms

2021 ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
N. T. Mirzoali
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Medical Information ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Pharmaceutical Education ◽  
Republican Center

Aim. To analyze trends in the number and structure of physicians in the healthcare system of the Republic of Tajikistan during the period of healthcare reform.Materials and methods. The sources of information were the official data of the Republican Center for Statistics and Medical Information, the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of the Population of the Republic of Tajikistan (MoHSP), departments of science, medical and pharmaceutical education, and the personnel department of the MoHSP, and other regulatory legal documents.Results and discussion. In 2019 there were 19,268 doctors active in the health sector, which is 20.7 doctors per 10,000 population. In 2019, there were only 76 private health facilities (WHO, 2020).Conclusions. The even geographic distribution of health workers appears to be one of the challenges in improving access to healthcare in Tajikistan.

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