scholarly journals ON THE ISSUE OF STRUCTURAL-SEMANTIC SIMILARITIES OF THE FRENCH AND SERBIAN LANGUAGES AT THE MORPHOLOGICAL LEVEL

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 45-51
Author(s):  
D. I. Medvedeva ◽  
M. S. Degtyannikova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
External Influence ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Componential Analysis ◽  
Turkic Languages ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Linguistic Units

The article examines similarities between French and Serbian languages at the morphological level. The study of linguistic contacts in modern linguistics is a separate direction, which contributes to the growth of interest in the processes of borrowing, where a special place is given to the theory of tracing and its fixation in scientific materials in Russian, the Baltic and some Turkic languages. The paper considers the tracing of French lexemes by the Serbian language as one of the types of external influence on the language, which makes it possible to reveal the nature and extent of this influence from certain sources. The goal of the paper was to identify and describe some structural and semantic similarities in certain lexical groups in French and Serbian languages in comparison with Russian at the morphological level. 140 French and Serbian linguistic units were analysed and compared to their Russian equivalents. Continuous sampling method, componential analysis and comparative analysis were used in the study. As a result, it was found that the French and Serbian lexemes under study are marked by coincidence of the inner form and morphological structure. As for the Russian equivalents, they are represented by word collocations, loan words (transliterations or transcriptions), or lexemes with a different inner form.

scholarly journals PUBLIC SIGNS DURING THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC (BASED ON RUSSIAN, GERMAN AND FRENCH LANGUAGES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 484-494
Author(s):  
T.S. Medvedeva ◽  
D.I. Medvedeva ◽  
N.A. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
External Control ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article represents a comparative analysis of Russian, German and French public signs that regulate safety precautions during the coronavirus pandemic, of their both linguistic and cultural specifics. The study is based on 500 authentic public signs, collected by the continuous sampling method in Izhevsk (Russia), Lyon, Clermont-Ferrand (France), and Leipzig (Germany) in the course of 2020. As a result, similarities and differences have been revealed concerning impact strategies as well as linguistic means whereby these strategies are realized. Most similarities are revealed in the informative public signs; however, the corresponding German and French signs are marked by detailed description of safety precautions, and Russian signs often refer to decrees of the local authorities. One of the main differences is that some Russian signs contain explicit prohibitions, whereas there are no such examples among the German and French signs under study. The difference in frequency of impact strategies that influence the recipients’ emotions also takes place: polite addresses and requests, appeals to take care of one’s health, and thanks for following the instructions. The specifics of compared cultures are reflected in the texts under study: the Russian culture is relationship-oriented, emotional, and values external control, whereas both German and French cultures are information-oriented, rational, and value internal control.

scholarly journals The conative function of constructions expressing surprise in Swedish, English and Russian

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Maria N. Kovaleva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Modal Verb ◽  
Selma Lagerlof

The article presents the results of a comprehensive comparative analysis of the concept “surprise” in Swedish, English and Russian fiction books manifested by syntactic constructions performing the conative function. Three Swedish fiction novels by Selma Lagerlöf and their translations into English and Russian were chosen as the material for the study. 135 complexes of examples (1 complex = 1 Swedish token + 1 corresponding English token + 1 corresponding Russian token) were selected using continuous sampling method. First, it was found that the function could be manifested in 2 directions (modes): extroversion and introversion. Second, 2 syntactic patterns expressing the function were identified: imperatives and vocatives. The analysis of their interaction in the three languages showed the following results. In Swedish and Russian, the introverted imperative pattern was used while in English modal verb+infinitive extraverted pattern was mostly used. As far as vocatives, similarly to imperatives, both extroversive and introversive modes were present. However, in contrast to imperative patterns, introversive mode prevailed in vocatives in all the three languages. Further studies might involve comparative analysis of the modes and patterns manifesting surprise in other languages of origin.

scholarly journals BORROWED LEXICAL TERMS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE OF MEDICINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (67) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
M. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Medical English ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
The Creation

The article aims to review notion and issues of borrowed words and the ways of using English borrowed words that are employed in the field of medicine. The article seeks to identify the lexical, morphological structure of English loan words, and analyzes medical borrowed words and translations in Karakalpak language. In the article, descriptive, comparative analysis methods are used. Moreover, the author considers that there are some differences and the similarities that exist between the English and Karakalpak medical borrowed words and their expressions. As medicine having a long history, it is obvious that different nations might have contributed to its development that has been accompanied by the creation of the terminology necessary to describe the discoveries made and to express the concepts that evolved in the course of this development. Therefore, our purpose in this paper is to highlight some of the linguistic contributions made to Medical English by a number of foreign medical languages. 

scholarly journals Evolution of consonant combinations of a Finno-Ugric word’s stem in the Mordovian languages

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-81
Author(s):  
M. V. Mosin ◽  
◽  
N. M. Mosina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic

Introduction: the article presents a comparative analysis of phonetic structure of a word’s stem on the material of the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) and Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages. Particular interest of the study is the study of changes that occurred in the structure of consonant combinations and affected the state of the structure of the Finno- Ugric word’s stem. Objective: on the basis of a comparative method to study the phonetic changes that occurred in the combinations of consonants in the nominal and verbal stems of Finno-Ugric origin in the middle of the word, and to determine the preserved degrees of identity of the ancient Finno-Ugric word-formation stem. Research materials: the nominal and verbal word stems of modern Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages, considered from the point of view of the comparative and historical method, as well as their etymological correspondences in the Baltic-Finnish (Finnish and Estonian) languages, revealed by the method of continuous sampling from etymological dictionaries. Results and novelty of the research: the article presents a detailed description of the development of consonant combinations in the Finno-Ugric word stem; the differences that arose in the common stems in the modern Mordovian, Finnish and Estonian languages as a result of separate development are revealed; the reasons transforming the structure of the Proto-Finno-Ugric word stem are identified. The relevance of the study is determined by the lack of knowledge of the structure of the Finno-Ugric word stem on the material of the Mordovian languages, as well as the need to identify additional data required for further in-depth study of the phonemic and morphemic levels of the Mordovian (Moksha and Erzya) languages. It will help to more fully describe certain aspects of both Finno-Ugric and Mordovian linguistics. The novelty of the study lies in the absence of comparative works devoted to the study of the phonemic structure of the Finno-Ugric word stem with the use of materials of closely related (Moksha and Erzya) and distantly related (Finnish and Estonian) languages at the same time.

scholarly journals Phraseological units with names of clothes in english, german and russian

2021 ◽  
pp. e021054
Author(s):  
Liya Gayazovna Yusupova ◽  
Olga Dmitrievna Kuzmina ◽  
Marina Igorevna Guseva
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Unique System ◽  
Different Types

The article deals with the comparative analysis of the English, German and Russian phraseological units with the component “clothes”, namely the names of accessories, garments, items of clothing and shoes. The relevance of research is defined by the interest to interaction between different languages and the process of cross-cultural communication in the modern world. A deep study of set expressions helps to learn the unique system of language that is characteristic of its native speakers. The study of phraseological units with the names of clothing opens opportunities for understanding the traditional, material and spiritual culture of a nation. The aim of the study was to compare phraseological units with the component “clothes” of three languages: English, German and Russian and carry out the quantitative analysis of these units. The authors used such methods as descriptive, comparative, interpretative, continuous sampling method and statistical method. The object of the study is different types of phraseological units, including proverbs and sayings, with the names of clothes belonging to five thematic groups: “garments”, “clothing items”, “clothing materials”, “accessories” and “shoes”. The study revealed that the biggest thematic groups of phraseological units are those with the names of pieces of clothing and accessories.

scholarly journals Connotative coloration as a criterion of homonymity 
of terminological phrases and phraseological units

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Svetlana S. Laukhina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Semantic Structure ◽  
Main Criterion ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Scientific Analysis ◽  
Card Index ◽  
Linguistic Units ◽  
Made In

The article analyzes the features of homonymous relations between phraseological units and terminological phrases, determines the specificity of these relations. The aim was to prove, on the basis of a comparative analysis of the semantic and stylistic properties of terms and phraseological units formed from them, that connotative coloring is one of the criteria of their homonymy. The material for the research was the original card index, which included 245 phraseological units homonymous with terminological phrases. In the course of the study, methods of continuous sampling, observation, scientific analysis and description, systematization, and quantitative data processing were used. Differences in their semantics are considered as the main criterion for differentiating phraseological homonyms and compound terms. Based on the linguistic units analysis, it has been established that compound terms and phraseological units formed from them have inconsistent meanings: the terms have specific meanings, devoid of connotation; in the meanings of phraseological units, connotative semes are identified: 147 phraseological units of terminological origin contain a bright connotative component in their semantic structure. The article makes an attempt to comprehend the place of connotation in the semantic structure of phraseological units and the specifics of the connotation of phraseological units. The conclusions made in the article are supported by the data from phraseological dictionaries and speech usage of the units under study.

scholarly journals Homographic Proper Names: On Peculiarities of Pronunciation Registration

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-111
Author(s):  
Natalya Ivanova ◽  
Rimma Kuzmina
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
American English ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Oral Speech ◽  
Pronunciation Dictionary

The article considers phonetic variants of English proper names that comprise homographic groups, and some impairments during their registration in pronouncing dictionaries. The authors present the results of lexicographic and comparative analysis of units extracted from two pronouncing dictionaries: "Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary" by D. Jones and "Longman Pronunciation Dictionary" by J. Wells using the continuous sampling method. Particular attention is focused on the methods of registration and completeness of phonetic notation of homographs pronunciation. A number of peculiarities are noted in recording semantics, phonetic-and-orthographic variations in some homogroups in British and American English. Clear inconsistency and insufficiency of lexicographic parametrization of both homographic proper names and their national and social pronunciation variants, as well as the meanings of common and proper names are revealed. The conclusion is made about the accuracy of "Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary" in terms of registering several British and American variants of onyms pronunciation, supplemented by additional comments on the phonetic variants and meanings of numerous types of proper names (anthroponyms, toponyms, ergonyms). The data obtained are required for differentiating the meanings of proper names, correct use of onyms and appellatives in oral speech, as well as for compiling dictionaries and reference books.

An Analysis of Lexical Chunks in Online Business Letters (OBL) and Business Letter Corpus (BLC): A Corpus-Based Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63
Author(s):  
Hairul Azhar Mohamad ◽  
Muhammad Luthfi Mohaini ◽  
Pavithran Ravinthra Nath
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Frequent Type ◽  
Sentence Level ◽  
Lexical Collocations ◽  
Online Business ◽  
Lexical Density ◽  
Concordance Program ◽  
Corporate Business

This research investigated into the lexical density and frequencies of five types of lexical chunks located in 300 online business letters. Top 10 websites on business correspondence had been identified in terms of traffic visitors and bounce rate under one million web rankings worldwide. Criterion Sampling method was identified prior to extracting the sample letters from the websites. The data was then run with Antconc Concordance Program (ACP) for lexical density and frequency analysis. Top 15 lexical chunks in online business letters (OBL) were compared against those top 15 in Business Letter Corpus (BLC). Findings revealed that there was a total of 39 916-word tokens and 939 counts of lexical chunks found in this corpus. It was found that more lexical words do not imply more lexical chunks used in based on types of business letters.  All 5 types of lexical chunks were identified and ranked in descending order; Sentence Builders (SB) as the most frequent type, followed by Collocations (COL), Deictic locutions (DLs), Polywords (POLs) and Institutionalized Expressions (IUs) as the least frequent type of lexical chunk. Sub-divisional analysis indicated that Grammatical Collocations (GCs) were more common than Lexical Collocations (LCs). Majority of lexical chunks were formed more at sentence level than phrasal level. Comparative analysis between top 15 lexical chunks in OBL and BLC discovered that most top lexical chunks in online business letters are representative of those corporate business letters in BLC. Pedagogical implications in terms of the reliability of online business letters for academic reference and future research considerations are also addressed.

Family Name Socio-Pragmatic Informative Value in the LiteraryWorks by H. Böll

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Olga Sheverinova
Keyword(s):  
Social Status ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Contextual Analysis ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Pragmatic Information ◽  
Family Names ◽  
The Family ◽  
Location Family

The article is aimed at revealing the specificity of socio-pragmatic informative value of literary anthroponyms used by H. Böll in his literary works. The study of the onyms mentioned in such an aspect demonstrates the lack of comprehensive research. As a result, the findings covered this aspect are dispersal in scientific and practical work. However, literary onyms are considered to be semantic and text-forming units of a literary text and they are used to identify and differentiate the persons on their social, cultural, and psychological background, as well as to create the characters with national peculiarities. The object of the study includes the contextual units representing the «family names» anthroponymic category. The data collected are based on the following literary works by H. Böll: «Where Were You, Adam?» («Wo warst du, Adam?»), «Billiards at Half-Past Nine» («Billard um halb zehn»), «House without Guardians» («Haus ohne Hüter»), «The Clown» («Ansichten eines Clowns»). The continuous sampling method, qualitative-quantitative and descriptive ones, component and contextual analysis have been used as study methodology. The article contains certain essential results of the dissertation that have not been published yet. It is established that family names used by H. Böll are a means of revealing the following socio-pragmatic information: 1) the character’s nationality (a correlation between literary family names and the real national anthroponymic system is revealed); 2) a geographical location (family names with a typical sound and alphabetic composition that helps to define the place where the events occur); 3) social status (family names with the «von» component indicate both the character’s social status and their relationship with other members of the community); 4) a direct / indirect character’s description (family names with pure inner forms of the words and an updated internal form and appellatively based family names).

TO THE PROBLEM OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS REFLECTION IN DICTIONARIES OF DIFFERENT TYPES

2020 ◽  
pp. 130-142
Author(s):  
Е.М. Григорьева
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
Continuous Sampling ◽  
Translation Equivalent ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Individual Source ◽  
Graphic Illustration ◽  
Characteristic Features

Постановка задачи. Статья посвящена детальному анализу фразеологизмов английского языка различных тематических групп и особенностям их регистрации в англо-английских и англо-русском словарях и справочных пособиях. Рассматривается ряд характеристик, которые отличают фразеологические единицы от свободных словосочетаний. Кроме того, исследуется вопрос включения пословиц в состав фразеологического фонда того или иного языка. Впоследствии отобранные методом сплошной выборки фразеологические единицы классифицируются по различным основаниям, а также проводится детальный анализ особенностей их отражения в представленных изданиях. Результаты. Осуществляется классификация фразеологизмов по следующим категориям: функция в коммуникации, определяемая их структурно-семантическими особенностями, а также тематическое деление. Отдельно рассматриваются фразеологизмы-эвфемизмы, относящиеся к нескольким тематическим группам, среди которых смерть, ругательства и беременность. Выделяются и описываются характерные особенности организации микроструктуры (словарной статьи) каждого отдельно взятого издания. Выводы. На основании проведенного анализа регистрации английских фразеологизмов сделаны выводы о том, что данная лексика получает подробное и точное отражение в справочниках. Проведенный анализ теоретической литературы показал правомерность включения пословиц во фразеологический фонд, поскольку они принадлежат к культурному наследию того или иного народа и воспроизводятся в речи в исходной форме. Тип и адресат справочника определяют особенности организации словарной статьи, а также компоненты, которые входят в нее (дефиниция, переводной эквивалент, иллюстративный пример, грамматическая, стилистическая, региональная и этимологическая пометы, графическая иллюстрация). Statement of the problem. The article is devoted to a detailed analysis of the phraseological units of the English language of various thematic groups and the features of their registration in the English-English and English-Russian dictionaries and reference books. Features that distinguish phraseological units from free phrases are studied. More than that, the question of belonging proverbs to phraseological stock is studied. Then phraseological units selected by the continuous sampling method are classified according to different grounds, and a detailed analysis of the features of their reflection in the analyzed sources is carried out. Results. Phraseological units are classified into some categories according to the following criteria: function in communication, determined by their structural and semantic features and thematic division. Phraseological units-euphemisms related to several thematic groups, including death, curse words and pregnancy are studied. The characteristic features of microstructure organization of each individual source are described. Conclusion. The analysis of English phraseological units registration showed that this lexis is reflected in dictionaries in a proper way. Theoretical literature analysis shows justification of proverbs inclusion into phraseological stock as they are a part of national cultural heritage and are reproduced in speech in the basic form. Further, the author comes to a conclusion that dictionary type and addressee of the reference book determine features of microstructure organization and their components (definition, translation equivalent, illustrative example, grammar, stylistic, regional and etymological labels, graphic illustration).

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