Identification of Bacterial Species Associated with Dental Caries and Evaluated of Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts for Suaedaaegyptiaca and Citrus Sinensis Plants

Background: Although a great number of the targets of antimicrobial therapy have been achieved, it remains among the first fields of pharmaceutical research, mainly because of the development of resistant strains. Docking analysis may be an important tool in the research for the development of more effective agents against specific drug targets or multi-target agents 1-3. Methods: In the present study, based on docking analysis, ten tetrahydrothiazolo[2,3-a]isoindole derivatives were chosen for the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity. Results: All compounds showed antibacterial activity against eight Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial species being, in some cases, more potent than ampicillin and streptomycin against all species. The most sensitive bacteria appeared to be S. aureus and En. Cloacae, while M. flavus, E. coli and P. aeruginosa were the most resistant ones. The compounds were also tested for their antifungal activity against eight fungal species. All compounds exhibited good antifungal activity better than reference drugs bifonazole (1.4 – 41 folds) and ketoconazole (1.1 – 406 folds) against all fungal species. In order to elucidate the mechanism of action, docking studies on different antimicrobial targets were performed. Conclusion: According to docking analysis, the antifungal activity can be explained by the inhibition of the CYP51 enzyme for most compounds with a better correlation of the results obtained for the P.v.c. strain (linear regression between estimated binding Energy and log(1/MIC) with R 2 =0.867 and p=0.000091 or R 2 = 0.924, p= 0.000036, when compound 3 is excluded.

Download Full-text

Bystander Phage Therapy: Inducing Host-Associated Bacteria to Produce Antimicrobial Toxins against the Pathogen Using Phages

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics7040105 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 105 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

T. Brady ◽

Christopher Fajardo ◽

Bryan Merrill ◽

Jared Hilton ◽

Kiel Graves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Recovery Rate ◽

Phage Therapy ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

American Foulbrood ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Field Isolates ◽

Brevibacillus Laterosporus ◽

Bystander Killing

Brevibacillus laterosporus is often present in beehives, including presence in hives infected with the causative agent of American Foulbrood (AFB), Paenibacillus larvae. In this work, 12 B. laterosporus bacteriophages induced bactericidal products in their host. Results demonstrate that P. larvae is susceptible to antimicrobials induced from field isolates of the bystander, B. laterosporus. Bystander antimicrobial activity was specific against the pathogen and not other bacterial species, indicating that the production was likely due to natural competition between the two bacteria. Three B. laterosporus phages were combined in a cocktail to treat AFB. Healthy hives treated with B. laterosporus phages experienced no difference in brood generation compared to control hives over 8 weeks. Phage presence in bee larvae after treatment rose to 60.8 ± 3.6% and dropped to 0 ± 0.8% after 72 h. In infected hives the recovery rate was 75% when treated, however AFB spores were not susceptible to the antimicrobials as evidenced by recurrence of AFB. We posit that the effectiveness of this treatment is due to the production of the bactericidal products of B. laterosporus when infected with phages resulting in bystander-killing of P. larvae. Bystander phage therapy may provide a new avenue for antibacterial production and treatment of disease.

Download Full-text

Polymeric Nanoparticles Active against Dual-Species Bacterial Biofilms

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26164958 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (16) ◽

pp. 4958

Author(s):

Jessa Marie V. Makabenta ◽

Jungmi Park ◽

Cheng-Hsuan Li ◽

Aritra Nath Chattopadhyay ◽

Ahmed Nabawy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Laser Scanning ◽

Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽

Confocal Laser ◽

Bacterial Biofilms ◽

Global Public Health ◽

Bacterial Strains

Biofilm infections are a global public health threat, necessitating new treatment strategies. Biofilm formation also contributes to the development and spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial strains. Biofilm-associated chronic infections typically involve colonization by more than one bacterial species. The co-existence of multiple species of bacteria in biofilms exacerbates therapeutic challenges and can render traditional antibiotics ineffective. Polymeric nanoparticles offer alternative antimicrobial approaches to antibiotics, owing to their tunable physico-chemical properties. Here, we report the efficacy of poly(oxanorborneneimide) (PONI)-based antimicrobial polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs) against multi-species bacterial biofilms. PNPs showed good dual-species biofilm penetration profiles as confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity was observed, with reduction in both bacterial viability and overall biofilm mass. Further, PNPs displayed minimal fibroblast toxicity and high antimicrobial activity in an in vitro co-culture model comprising fibroblast cells and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This study highlights a potential clinical application of the presented polymeric platform.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial activity of Cymbopogon citratus (Poaceae) essential oil on Streptococcus mutans biofilm and cytotoxic effect on keratinocytes and fibroblasts

Revista de Biología Tropical ◽

10.15517/rbt.v66i4.33140 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 66 (4) ◽

pp. 1519

Author(s):

Mailen Ortega Cuadros ◽

Adriana Patricia Tofiño Rivera ◽

Luciano Jose Merini ◽

Maria Cecilia Martinez Pabon

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Essential Oil ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Human Fibroblasts ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

Cymbopogon Citratus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Efficient Alternative

Dental caries is a pathology of multifactorial origin and currently natural products are an efficient alternative treatment; The work sought to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the Cymbopogon citratus essential oil and the citral and myrcene components against Streptococcus mutans ATCC UA159, as well as their cytotoxicity on keratinocytes and human fibroblasts. The viability effect against Streptococcus mutans on biofilms was evaluated through exposure to the three substances by using the MBEC technique-high-throughput at concentrations of 1, 0.1, and 0.01 µg/mL and chlorhexidine as positive control. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was evaluated on keratinocytes and fibroblasts through the MTT reduction technique, using 0.5 mM H2O2 as cell-death control (negative control) and ethanol 1% as vehicle control (positive control). The three substances evaluated had effects on the viability of Streptococcus mutans with mortality between 74% and 96%, without significant difference among them (p > 0.393); additionally, no cytotoxicity was evident on keratinocytes and fibroblasts in a 24-h treatment. The substances evaluated showed significant antimicrobial effects; hence, these should be studied further as potential co-adjuvants to prevent dental caries that cause minor adverse effects

Download Full-text

Evaluation of Antibacterial Effects of Fissure Sealants Containing Chitosan Nanoparticles

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2021/8975948 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Sedighe Sadat Hashemi kamangar ◽

Houtan Zareian ◽

Abbas Bahador ◽

Maryam Pourhajibagher ◽

Zahra Bashareh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Antibacterial Effect ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽

Control Group ◽

Fissure Sealants ◽

Biofilm Inhibition ◽

Biofilm Growth ◽

Fissure Sealant ◽

Significant Difference

Objectives. The present study evaluated the antimicrobial effects of fissure sealants containing chitosan nanoparticles. Materials and Methods. Antibacterial effect of Master Dent fissure sealant alone and after incorporating chitosan nanoparticles was evaluated on Streptococcus mutans, sanguis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus. Biofilm growth was evaluated by determining colony counts. Antimicrobial effect was determined on days 3, 15, and 30 by counting microbial colonies using eluted components test. One-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD tests, t test, and two-way ANOVA were used for statistical analyses (α = 0.05). Results. Biofilm inhibition test showed that fissure sealant containing 1 wt.% chitosan decreased colony counts significantly ( P < 0.05 ). Eluted components test with S. mutans and sanguis showed significant decrease in colony counts during the first 15 days in chitosan containing group; however, from day 30, antimicrobial activity decreased noticeably, with no significant difference from control group ( P > 0.05 ). Antimicrobial activity against L. acidophilus was maintained in chitosan group up to 30 days, and decrease in colony counts was significant ( P < 0.05 ). Conclusion. According to the results of this study, incorporation of 1 wt.% chitosan into fissure sealant induced an antimicrobial activity. Antibacterial effect on L. acidophilus persisted for longer time (30 days) compared to the two other bacterial species (15 days).

Download Full-text

Xylitol’s Health Benefits beyond Dental Health: A Comprehensive Review

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11081813 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 1813 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Krista Salli ◽

Markus J. Lehtinen ◽

Kirsti Tiihonen ◽

Arthur C. Ouwehand

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Immune System ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Tract Infection ◽

Respiratory Tract ◽

Dental Health ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Comprehensive Review

Xylitol has been widely documented to have dental health benefits, such as reducing the risk for dental caries. Here we report on other health benefits that have been investigated for xylitol. In skin, xylitol has been reported to improve barrier function and suppress the growth of potential skin pathogens. As a non-digestible carbohydrate, xylitol enters the colon where it is fermented by members of the colonic microbiota; species of the genus Anaerostipes have been reported to ferment xylitol and produce butyrate. The most common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species do not appear to be able to grow on xylitol. The non-digestible but fermentable nature of xylitol also contributes to a constipation relieving effect and improved bone mineral density. Xylitol also modulates the immune system, which, together with its antimicrobial activity contribute to a reduced respiratory tract infection, sinusitis, and otitis media risk. As a low caloric sweetener, xylitol may contribute to weight management. It has been suggested that xylitol also increases satiety, but these results are not convincing yet. The benefit of xylitol on metabolic health, in addition to the benefit of the mere replacement of sucrose, remains to be determined in humans. Additional health benefits of xylitol have thus been reported and indicate further opportunities but need to be confirmed in human studies.

Download Full-text

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF PARIS POLYPHYLLA SM.

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i11.20984 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 315 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Homsingli Mayirnao ◽

Arbeen Ahmad Bhat

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Gallic Acid ◽

Plant Species ◽

Indian Subcontinent ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Water Extract ◽

Fungal Strains ◽

Paris Polyphylla ◽

Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity

Objectives: Paris polyphylla Sm. is a very important anti-cancerous plant species found in the Himalayan region of India. The present study was carried out to determine the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of its rhizome.Methods: Antioxidant activity of rhizome extract was evaluated through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated through disc diffusion assay against two bacterial and two fungal strains. The bacterial species used in the present study were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and the fungal strains used were Aspergillus niger and Trichoderma reesei. Results: The standard curve of Gallic acid revealed that the phenolic content of our sample is 43.01±0.17 mg Gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dry weight (DW). Similarly, flavonoids were obtained as 28±0.12 mg quercetin equivalent/g DW of the sample. It was observed that the methanolic rhizome extract showed higher antioxidant potential than water extract with the IC50 value of 1.09 mg/ml. Further, the rhizome extract of P. polyphylla species exhibited significant antimicrobial activity and it was observed that at concentration of 5 mg/ml of the sample, the percentage inhibition was 95-97% in E. coli, S. aureus and A. niger whereas in case of T. reesei it was 74%.Conclusion: This study is first of its kind in the Indian subcontinent on this plant species and these findings indicate the tremendous and promising potential of this wonder herb. A lot of work has already been done in China on this species, therefore, further studies are required for the conservation and sustainable use in Indian subcontinent before this species is thrown into extinction as it has already been declared vulnerable.

Download Full-text

Chemical traits and antimicrobial activity of endemic Teucrium arduini L. from Mt Biokovo (Croatia)

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-012-0077-5 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 941-947 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Dario Kremer ◽

Ivna Müller ◽

Valerija Dunkić ◽

Dubravka Vitali ◽

Edith Stabentheiner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Glandular Trichomes ◽

Toxic Metal ◽

Antimicrobial Activities ◽

Fungal Species ◽

High Concentration ◽

Sesquiterpene Hydrocarbons ◽

Chemical Traits

AbstractChemical composition of the essential oil (analysed by GC-FID and GC-MS), the content of macroelements and trace elements (analysed by ICP-AES), and antimicrobial activities were investigated in Teucrium arduini L. from Mt Biokovo (Croatia). Additionally, a study on the types and distribution of glandular trichomes which produce essential oils was investigated. The oil was characterized by a high concentration of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (68.5%) of which β-caryophyllene (32.9%) and germacrene D (16.4%) being the major compounds. Among the macroelements, the content of calcium was the highest (9772 mg/kg), while the content of sodium was the smallest (117.74 mg/kg). Among the micronutrients, the most represented element was iron (72.07 mg/kg). The content of each investigated toxic metal (As, Hg, Pb, Cd and Cr) was below permissible levels. The essential oils showed antimicrobial activity against bacterial species tested, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 mg/mL to 37.50 mg/mL. Fungal species were susceptible with MIC values from 7.81 mg/mL and 25.00 mg/mL.

Download Full-text

Antimicrobial and Substantivity Properties of Silver Nanoparticles against Oral Microbiomes Clinically Isolated from Young and Young-Adult Patients

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2019/3205971 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

León Francisco Espinosa-Cristóbal ◽

Carolina Holguín-Meráz ◽

Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras ◽

Rita Elizabeth Martínez-Martínez ◽

Alejandro Donohue-Cornejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Young Adult ◽

Dental Caries ◽

Periodontal Disease ◽

Dental Plaque ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Oral Biofilms

The dental plaque is an oral microbiome hardly associated to be the etiological agent of dental caries and periodontal disease which are still considered serious health public problems. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have demonstrated to have good antimicrobial properties affecting a wide variety of microorganisms, including oral bacteria; however, there is no scientific information that has evaluated the antimicrobial effect of AgNPs against clinical oral biofilms associated with dental caries and periodontal disease. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial and substantivity effects of AgNPs in oral biofilms isolated clinically from patients with dental caries and periodontal disease. Sixty-seven young and young-adult subjects with dental caries and periodontal disease were clinically sampled through the collection of subgingival dental plaque. The inhibitory effect of AgNPs was performed with standard microbiological assays by triplicate using two sizes of particle. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay was used to identify the presence of specific bacterial species. All AgNPs showed an inhibitory effect for all oral biofilms for any age and, generally, any gender (p>0.05); however, the effectiveness of the antimicrobial and substantivity effects was related to particle size, time, and gender (p<0.05). The identified microorganisms were S. mutans, S. sobrinus, S. sanguinis, S. gordonii, S. oralis, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and P. intermedia. The AgNPs could be considered as a potential antimicrobial agent for the control and prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease.

Download Full-text

Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9090592 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 592

Author(s):

Ramona Iseppi ◽

Roberta Tardugno ◽

Virginia Brighenti ◽

Stefania Benvenuti ◽

Carla Sabia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Essential Oils ◽

Streptococcus Agalactiae ◽

Reproductive Tract ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Female Reproductive Tract ◽

Retention Data ◽

Natural Defense

The antimicrobial activity of different essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family was evaluated on Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, and lactobacilli. S. agalactiae is the main cause of severe neonatal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. C. albicans is a primary causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species of the vaginal flora and constitute the natural defense against pathogens. On the basis of the preliminary results, the attention was focused on the EOs from Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. and Mentha arvensis L. By using gas ghromatography (GS) retention data and mass spectra, it was possible to identify more than 90% of the total composition of the EO samples. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm activity of the two EOs were determined against all isolated strains, using the EOs by themselves or in combination with each other and with drugs (erythromycin and fluconazole). The results showed a good antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both EOs and a synergistic effect, leading to the best results against all the strains, resulted using the combinations EOs/EOs and antimicrobials/EOs.

Download Full-text