scholarly journals Nowa siedziba Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie. Założenia funkcjonalne i użytkowe oraz koncepcja magazynu zbiorów archiwalnych z pasywną regulacją klimatu

Archeion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Berska ◽  
Łukasz Bratasz ◽  
Roman Kozłowski ◽  
Leszek Krzemień
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
National Archive ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Climate Control ◽  
Dry Conditions

Budynek archiwum państwowego to miejsce służące przede wszystkim długoterminowej ochronie materiałów archiwalnych. Musi także spełniać wymagania stawiane przyjaznej instytucji publicznej, związane z obsługą i zaspokajaniem różnorodnych potrzeb użytkowników w zakresie działalności prowadzonej przez archiwa. Pełnione przez archiwa funkcje determinują, już na etapie opracowywania koncepcji, a następnie dokumentacji projektowej, kwestie konstrukcji, wyposażenia oraz zastosowanych instalacji i technologii. Szczególne znaczenie w przypadku archiwum państwowego mają pomieszczenia magazynowe, służące przechowywaniu materiałów archiwalnych. W wypadku nowej siedziby Archiwum Narodowego w Krakowie, dla ośmiokondygnacyjnego segmentu magazynowego opracowano koncepcję z pasywną regulacją klimatu. Jest on wyodrębnioną strukturą, w której nie ma stałych stanowisk pracy, a pasywną stabilizację mikroklimatu zapewniono w znacznym stopniu przez przemyślane rozwiązania budowlane: dobrą izolację termiczną, wysoką szczelność przegród zewnętrznych oraz wykonanie powierzchni architektonicznych z porowatych materiałów o dobrej zdolność do wymiany pary wodnej. Temperatura we wnętrzu magazynu podąża za rocznym cyklem zmian temperatury na zewnątrz, a wilgotność względna utrzymuje się samoistnie na optymalnym poziomie około 50% przez znaczną część roku. W porze ciepłej powietrze jest osuszane. Suche warunki i niska w porze zimnej temperatura ograniczają szybkość degradacji materiałów archiwalnych. New building of the National Archive in Cracow. Functional and operational assumptions and the concept of archival holdings storage with passive climate control A state archive building is a place that serves primarily the long-term preservation of archival materials. It must also meet the requirements of a friendly public institution, which include serving and satisfying various user needs in the field of archival activity. The archives’ functions determine the construction, equipment, installation and technology considerations at the very conceptual stage and later in the design documentation. In case of a state archive, storage facilities used for the storage of archival materials are of particular importance. In case of the new building of the National Archive in Kraków, a concept involving passive climate control has been developed for the eight-storey storage segment. The storage segment is a separate structure, with no permanent workstations. The largely passive stabilization of the microclimate was ensured by well-thought-out construction solutions: good thermal insulation, high-performance external partitions and installation of architectural surfaces made of porous materials with good water vapor exchange capacity. Temperature inside the storage facility follows the annual cycle of external emperaturę changes, and relative humidity remains spontaneously at the optimum level of approximately 50% throughout much of the year. During the warm season, the air is dehumidified. Dry conditions and low temperatures in the cold season reduce the rate of degradation of archival materials.

scholarly journals Using CHIRPS Dataset to Assess Wet and Dry Conditions along the Semiarid Central-Western Argentina

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan A. Rivera ◽  
Sofía Hinrichs ◽  
Georgina Marianetti
Keyword(s):  
Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Temporal Features ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Central Western Argentina ◽  
Zero Values ◽  
The Standardized Precipitation Index ◽  
Precipitation Records

The Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) dataset was conceived as a tool for monitoring drought and environmental change over land. Recent validation efforts along South America have assessed its suitability for reproducing the main spatial and temporal features of precipitation. Nevertheless, little has been done regarding the ability of CHIRPS for the assessment of wet and dry conditions, particularly in areas where in situ precipitation records are scarce. In this paper, we investigated the performance of CHIRPS for monitoring wet and dry events along the semiarid Central-Western Argentina. Using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), we compared the CHIRPS database with records from 49 meteorological stations along the study area for the period 1987–2016. Results indicate that the CHIRPS dataset adequately reproduced the temporal variability of SPI on multiple timescales (1 month, 3 months, and 6 months), particularly in the region dominated by warm season precipitation. The large overestimation of the seasonal precipitation in the region dominated by cold season precipitation can introduce errors that are reflected in the performance of CHIRPS over the western portion of the domain. The frequency of wet and dry classes was accurately reproduced by CHIRPS on timescales larger than 1 month (SPI1), given the existence of a wet bias that produces an underestimation of the frequency of zero values. This bias is further translated to the evaluation of the SPI1 during the spatial and temporal assessment of historical dry (1998) and wet (2016) events, especially for the classification of extreme dry/wet months. The results from the evaluation indicate that CHIRPS is a suitable tool for assessing dry and wet conditions for timescales longer than 1 month and can support decision-making process within the hydrometeorological agencies over the region.

Condition of the Armenian Apostolic Church at the Time of Coming to Authority N. S. Khrushchev

2020 ◽  
pp. 245-265
Author(s):  
Арсен Артурович Григорян
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
National Archive ◽  
The State ◽  
State Archive ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Apostolic Church

Цель данной статьи - описать условия, в которых Армянская Апостольская Церковь вступила в эпоху правления Н. С. Хрущёва, начавшуюся в 1953 г. По содержанию статью можно поделить на две части: в первой даются сведения о количестве приходов на территории Советского Союза и за его пределами, а также о составе армянского духовенства в СССР; во второй излагаются проблемы, существовавшие внутри Армянской Церкви, и рассматриваются их причины. Методы исследования - описание и анализ. Ценность исследования заключается в использовании ранее неопубликованных документов Государственного архива Российской Федерации и Национального архива Армении. По итогам изучения фактического материала выделяются основные проблемы Армянской Апостольской Церкви на 1953 г.: финансовый дефицит, конфликт армянских католикосатов и стремление враждующих СССР и США использовать церковь в своих политических целях. The purpose of this article is to describe the conditions in which the Armenian Apostolic Church entered the epoch of the reign of N. S. Khrushchev, which began in 1953. The article can be divided into two parts: first one gives information about the number of parishes in the territory of the Soviet Union and beyond, and about the structure of the Armenian clergy in the USSR; the second one sets out the problems that existed in the Armenian Church and discusses their causes. Research methods - description and analysis. The value of the study lies in the use of previously unpublished documents of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the National Archive of Armenia. Based on the results of studying the materials, the main problems of the Armenian Apostolic Church in 1953 are: financial deficit, the conflict of Armenian Catholicosates and the eagerness of USSR and the USA, that feuded with each other, to use the Сhurch for their political purposes.

scholarly journals Temperature and Relative Humidity Profile Retrieval from Fengyun-3D/HIRAS in the Arctic Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 1884
Author(s):  
Jingjing Hu ◽  
Yansong Bao ◽  
Jian Liu ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
George P. Petropoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
The Arctic Region

The acquisition of real-time temperature and relative humidity (RH) profiles in the Arctic is of great significance for the study of the Arctic’s climate and Arctic scientific research. However, the operational algorithm of Fengyun-3D only takes into account areas within 60°N, the innovation of this work is that a new technique based on Neural Network (NN) algorithm was proposed, which can retrieve these parameters in real time from the Fengyun-3D Hyperspectral Infrared Radiation Atmospheric Sounding (HIRAS) observations in the Arctic region. Considering the difficulty of obtaining a large amount of actual observation (such as radiosonde) in the Arctic region, collocated ERA5 data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and HIRAS observations were used to train the neural networks (NNs). Brightness temperature and training targets were classified using two variables: season (warm season and cold season) and surface type (ocean and land). NNs-based retrievals were compared with ERA5 data and radiosonde observations (RAOBs) independent of the NN training sets. Results showed that (1) the NNs retrievals accuracy is generally higher on warm season and ocean; (2) the root-mean-square error (RMSE) of retrieved profiles is generally slightly higher in the RAOB comparisons than in the ERA5 comparisons, but the variation trend of errors with height is consistent; (3) the retrieved profiles by the NN method are closer to ERA5, comparing with the AIRS products. All the results demonstrated the potential value in time and space of NN algorithm in retrieving temperature and relative humidity profiles of the Arctic region from HIRAS observations under clear-sky conditions. As such, the proposed NN algorithm provides a valuable pathway for retrieving reliably temperature and RH profiles from HIRAS observations in the Arctic region, providing information of practical value in a wide spectrum of practical applications and research investigations alike.All in all, our work has important implications in broadening Fengyun-3D’s operational implementation range from within 60°N to the Arctic region.

scholarly journals Late Dorset architecture on Little Cornwallis Island, Nunavut

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 255-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve LeMoine ◽  
James Helmer ◽  
Bjarne Grønnow
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Nuclear Families ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Cornwallis Island

Abstract Late Dorset dwellings from two sites on Little Cornwallis Island (Nunavut) illustrate the diversity of architectural forms from this period. Ten architectural features are described. They include five tent rings, ascribed to warm season occupations, and five rectangular semi-subterranean houses with axial features, including one exceptionally well-preserved example, ascribed to cold season occupations. Variations in size, number of hearths, and construction techniques are examined and the use of both types of structures to house multiple nuclear families is suggested.

scholarly journals Protozooplankton characterization of two contrasting sites in a tropical coastal ecosystem (Guanabara Bay, RJ)

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Ana Traversim Gomes ◽  
Viviane Severiano dos Santos ◽  
Denise Rivera Tenenbaum ◽  
Maria Célia Villac
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Food Web ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Guanabara Bay ◽  
Trophic Conditions ◽  
Plankton Dynamics

Much time and resources have been invested in understanding plankton dynamics in Guanabara Bay (Brazil), but no attention has been devoted to the protozooplankton. To fulfill this lacuna, abundance and composition of protozooplankton were investigated from January to December - 2000 in fortnightly surface water samplings at two distinct water quality sites (Urca - closer to the bay entrance, more saline and cleaner waters; Ramos - inner reaches, hypereutrophic waters). The density at Urca (10³ - 10(5) cell.l-1) was one to three orders of magnitude lower than at Ramos (10(4) - 10(5) cell.l-1). A seasonal trend for nanoplankton and protozooplankton was more evident at Urca, but both sites had lower densities during the colder period. Small heterotrophic dinoflagellates (20-30 mm) were dominant in over 50% of the samples. The protozooplankton abundance and composition reflected the distinct trophic conditions states found at the bay. During the wet-warm season, non-oligotrich ciliates were representative of Ramos site with Gymnodiniaceae dinoflagellates, while tintinnids and heterotrophic dinoflagellates were predominantly found at Urca mainly during the dry-cold season. This first descriptive study towards the understanding of the intricate relationships among the microbial food web components reveals that protozooplankton can be a good indicator of water quality conditions at the bay.

scholarly journals Diet composition and feeding habits of the eyespot skate, Atlantoraja cyclophora (Elasmobranchii: Arhynchobatidae), off Uruguay and northern Argentina

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago A. Barbini ◽  
Luis O. Lucifora
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Diet Composition ◽  
Prey Size ◽  
Prey Availability ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
The North ◽  
Multiple Hypothesis ◽  
Modelling Approach

ABSTRACT The eyespot skate, Atlantoraja cyclophora, is an endemic species from the southwestern Atlantic, occurring from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to northern Patagonia, Argentina. The feeding habits of this species, from off Uruguay and north Argentina, were evaluated using a multiple hypothesis modelling approach. In general, the diet was composed mainly of decapod crustaceans, followed by teleost fishes. Molluscs, mysidaceans, amphipods, isopods, lancelets and elasmobranchs were consumed in lower proportion. The consumption of shrimps drecreased with increasing body size of A. cyclophora. On the other hand, the consumption of teleosts increased with body size. Mature individuals preyed more heavily on crabs than immature individuals. Teleosts were consumed more in the south region (34º - 38ºS) and crabs in the north region (38º - 41ºS). Shrimps were eaten more in the warm season than in the cold season. Prey size increased with increasing body size of A. cyclophora , but large individuals also consumed small teleosts and crabs. Atlantoraja cyclophora has demersal-benthic feeding habits, shifts its diet with increasing body size and in response to seasonal and regional changes in prey availability and distribution.

scholarly journals Annual cycles of organochlorine pesticide enantiomers in Arctic air suggest changing sources and pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 1411-1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. F. Bidleman ◽  
L. M. Jantunen ◽  
H. Hung ◽  
J. Ma ◽  
G. A. Stern ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Warm Season ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Air Monitoring ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Annual Cycles ◽  
Digital Filtration ◽  
Peak Areas

Abstract. Air samples collected during 1994–2000 at the Canadian Arctic air monitoring station Alert (82°30' N, 62°20' W) were analysed by enantiospecific gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), trans-chlordane (TC) and cis-chlordane (CC). Results were expressed as enantiomer fractions (EF = peak areas of (+)/[(+) + (−)] enantiomers), where EFs = 0.5, < 0.5 and > 0.5 indicate racemic composition, and preferential depletion of (+) and (−) enantiomers, respectively. Long-term average EFs were close to racemic values for α -HCH (0.504 ± 0.004, n = 197) and CC (0.505 ± 0.004, n = 162), and deviated farther from racemic for TC (0.470 ± 0.013, n = 165). Digital filtration analysis revealed annual cycles of lower α-HCH EFs in summer–fall and higher EFs in winter–spring. These cycles suggest volatilization of partially degraded α-HCH with EF < 0.5 from open water and advection to Alert during the warm season, and background transport of α-HCH with EF > 0.5 during the cold season. The contribution of sea-volatilized α-HCH was only 11% at Alert, vs. 32% at Resolute Bay (74.68° N, 94.90° W) in 1999. EFs of TC also followed annual cycles of lower and higher values in the warm and cold seasons. These were in phase with low and high cycles of the TC/CC ratio (expressed as FTC = TC/(TC+CC)), which suggests greater contribution of microbially "weathered" TC in summer–fall versus winter–spring. CC was closer to racemic than TC and displayed seasonal cycles only in 1997–1998. EF profiles are likely to change with rising contribution of secondary emission sources, weathering of residues in the environment, and loss of ice cover in the Arctic. Enantiomer-specific analysis could provide added forensic capability to air monitoring programs.

scholarly journals Investigation of post-depositional processing of nitrate in East Antarctic snow: isotopic constraints on photolytic loss, re-oxidation, and source inputs

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (16) ◽  
pp. 9435-9453 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Shi ◽  
A. M. Buffen ◽  
M. G. Hastings ◽  
C. Li ◽  
H. Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Depth Interval ◽  
Depositional Processes ◽  
Antarctic Snow ◽  
Exponential Change ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Snowpits along a traverse from coastal East Antarctica to the summit of the ice sheet (Dome Argus) are used to investigate the post-depositional processing of nitrate (NO3−) in snow. Seven snowpits from sites with accumulation rates between 24 and 172 kg m−2 a−1 were sampled to depths of 150 to 300 cm. At sites from the continental interior (low accumulation, < 55 kg m−2 a−1), nitrate mass fraction is generally > 200 ng g−1 in surface snow and decreases quickly with depth to < 50 ng g−1. Considerably increasing values of δ15N of nitrate are also observed (16–461 ‰ vs. air N2), particularly in the top 20 cm, which is consistent with predicted fractionation constants for the photolysis of nitrate. The δ18O of nitrate (17–84 ‰ vs. VSMOW (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water)), on the other hand, decreases with increasing δ15N, suggestive of secondary formation of nitrate in situ (following photolysis) with a low δ18O source. Previous studies have suggested that δ15N and δ18O of nitrate at deeper snow depths should be predictable based upon an exponential change derived near the surface. At deeper depths sampled in this study, however, the relationship between nitrate mass fraction and δ18O changes, with increasing δ18O of nitrate observed between 100 and 200 cm. Predicting the impact of post-depositional loss, and therefore changes in the isotopes with depth, is highly sensitive to the depth interval over which an exponential change is assumed. In the snowpits collected closer to the coast (accumulation > 91 kg m−2 a−1), there are no obvious trends detected with depth and instead seasonality in nitrate mass fraction and isotopic composition is found. In comparison to the interior sites, the coastal pits are lower in δ15N (−15–71 ‰ vs. air N2) and higher in δ18O of nitrate (53–111 ‰ vs. VSMOW). The relationships found amongst mass fraction, δ15N, δ18O and Δ17O (Δ17O = δ17O–0.52 × δ18O) of nitrate cannot be explained by local post-depositional processes alone, and are instead interpreted in the context of a primary atmospheric signal. Consistent with other Antarctic observational and modeling studies, the isotopic results are suggestive of an important influence of stratospheric ozone chemistry on nitrate formation during the cold season and a mix of tropospheric sources and chemistry during the warm season. Overall, the findings in this study speak to the sensitivity of nitrate isotopic composition to post-depositional processing and highlight the strength of combined use of the nitrogen and oxygen isotopes for a mechanistic understanding of this processing.

scholarly journals Operation Modes of HV/MV Substations

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Josifs Survilo ◽  
Antons Kutjuns
Keyword(s):  
High Voltage ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Power Losses ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
The Third ◽  
Operation Modes ◽  
Mode 3

Operation Modes of HV/MV SubstationsA distribution network consists of high voltage grid, medium voltage grid, and low voltage grid. Medium voltage grid is connected to high voltage grid via substations with HV/MV transformers. The substation may contain one, mostly two but sometimes even more transformers. Out of reliability and expenditure considerations the two transformer option prevail over others mentioned. For two transformer substation, there may be made choice out of several operation modes: 1) two (small) transformers, with rated power each over 0.7 of maximum substation load, permanently in operation; 2) one (big) transformer, with rated power over maximum substation load, permanently in operation and small transformer in constant cold reserve; 3) big transformer in operation in cold season, small transformer-in warm one. Considering transformer load losses and no load losses and observing transformer loading factor β it can be said that the mode 1) is less advantageous. The least power losses has the mode 3). There may be singled out yet three extra modes of two transformer substations: 4) two big transformers in permanent operation; 5) one big transformer permanently in operation and one such transformer in cold reserve; 6) two small transformers in operation in cold season of the year, in warm season-one small transformer on duty. At present mostly two transformers of equal power each are installed on substations and in operation is one of them, hence extra mode 5). When one transformer becomes faulty, it can be changed for smaller one and the third operation mode can be practiced. Extra mode 4) is unpractical in all aspects. The mode 6) has greater losses than the mode 3) and is not considered in detail. To prove the advantage of the third mode in sense of power losses, the notion of effective utilization time of power losses was introduced and it was proven that relative value of this quantity diminishes with loading factor β. The use of advantageous substation option would make it possible to save notable amount of electrical energy but smaller transformer lifetime of this option must be taken into account as well.

scholarly journals TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT: PARADIGMA BARU MANAGEMEN PERGURUAN TINGGI DALAM MENGHADAPI PERSAINGAN KUALITAS PENDIDIKAN

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Wariyanti Wariyanti
Keyword(s):  
Total Quality Management ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Total Quality ◽  
National Education ◽  
The World ◽  
Fear Of God ◽  
Agent Of Change

<p>College is one of the means to build community. Universities can also be regarded as the agent of change in society and even the world. Humans were expected today are capable of developing their potential throughout. Overview whole human beings has been defined in the law No. 20 of 2003 on the System Pendidian National Article 3 which states that the National Education aims at developing students' potentials in order to become a man of faith and fear of God Almighty, noble, healthy, knowledgeable, skilled, creative, independent, and become citizens of a democratic and accountable. Based on these conditions, a University is a public institution undertaking the community to help to create students who have the expected quality. With the demands of current conditions it is necessary seoramg leaders and members who have high performance in managing and running the educational process. While universities are expected are universities which have members who are always learning to achieve a change for the better in serving the community.</p>

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