Effective Modes of Conceptual Teaching and Learning in Pakistan: An Undergraduate Medical Students’ Perspective

Background: There are more than 50 medical colleges in Punjab, and the traditional mode of teaching is ‘teacher dominant’, while students are passive learners. The curriculum prescribed by the University Of Health Sciences (UHS) emphasizes more on theoretical knowledge of subjects along with extensive memorization, but less stress on concept building and development of learning skills. Although traditional modes of teaching are adopted by medical institutes, but knowledge about the students’ perspective regarding concept building and learning skills is utmost necessary to improve the methods of teaching Aim: To assess the students’ perception regarding effective teaching, concept building and learning strategies. Methods: The study involved a total of 378 male and female students from MBBS, BDS and DPT sessions and a structured questionnaire was given to each student after taking consent, and teaching modalities were rated using Likert scale. Results: Out of 378 students, 62% were females, while 38% were males, and among these 43% students were residing in hostels, while 57% were day scholars. Illustration of concepts using white board was rated 61.2%, interactive sessions/tutorials 46.1%, demonstrations by teacher 34%, power point presentation lectures using multi-media 25% while small group discussion was rated 6.5%. Conclusions: White board teaching was considered as most effective tool for development of concept and learning (61.2%), followed by interactive sessions (46.1%). Power point presentation lecture was rated as 2nd least effective method (25%), while small group discussions was rated as least effective modality (6.5%). Keywords: Conceptual teaching, medical students, modes of learning

Online teaching in the era of Covid-19: Comparison between power-point vs video Tutorial: students’ perception

Aim: To compare students perception towards use of video tutorial versus conventional power point presentation for online medical teaching Study design: Comparative descriptive survey Place and duration of study: The online study was conducted in the Department of Gyne. & Obs., Islamic International Medical College Rawalpindi & Sialkot Medical College Sialkot on Ms-Teams from 21st July 2020 to 21st October 2020 Methods: One hundred and one students from 4rth year MBBS participated in the study. Students were taught a given topic on power point presentation and then through a video tutorial online on Ms -Teams. Data was collected using a validated questionnaire. Students were inquired to express their perceptions & attitudes regarding the online teaching method, using a five point Likert scale. All the data was analyzed on SPSS version 20. Results: Out of 101, there were 38 males and 63 female students with ages ranged between 22 to 26 years. The mean score for video tutorial was higher than the mean score for Power Point in content understandability. There was a statistical difference in content understandability, effectiveness of teaching technique and attitude towards two teaching techniques (P< 0.05). Students had more positive attitude towards watching an online video than PowerPoint, which implied it was more entertaining, engaging and effective. Discussion was more spontaneous with a video tutorial as compared to Power Point. Students were involved more and enjoyed higher level of interaction. Conclusion: Online video tutorials were more effective as compared to the power-point presentations in content understandability of students and their learning processes. Keywords: Online teaching, Covid 19, Video tutorial, power point presentation

Study the Effect of Doping Ratios the n-type Silicon SWCNTm / PLA on Solar Cell Efficiency

In this work, SWCNTm / PLA was employed as a fundamental compound, and nanofilms of SWCNTm / PLA were coated onto n-kind silicon substrates. The spin coated technique was used to determine the thickness in (SWCNTm / PLA). Various thicknesses in (SWCNTm / PLA) (162, 100, and 82) n.m are procured via at vary spin spades (1500, 3000, and 4500) r.pm.' light (100 mw/cm2) and dark (J-V) requirements were used to produce the current denisity-volt features. The characteristics of the photovoltaic models namely, open circuit voltage (Voc), short–circuit current density (Jsc), foll ratio (FF), and energy conversion efficiency (ɳ) were calculated. The better thickness of (SWCNTm / PLA) films for highest (ɳ), (Jsc) and greatest power point presentation' is 100 n m, according to our findings.

ЗАСОБИ І МЕТОДИКА ONLINE НАВЧАННЯ ФІЗИКИ В ТЕХНІЧНОМУ УНІВЕРСИТЕТІ

In this paper, we discuss technological and methodological problems that occur during synchronous distance learning. The technological problem is associated with the choice of software products for conducting such classes. It is shown that, instead of the well-known Zoom webinar program, it is possible to use simultaneously one of the webinar programs (Google Meet, FreeConferenceCall or others) and the interactive whiteboard, for example, IDroo, LiveBoard, Jamboard, Twiddla, or others. The technical characteristics of these boards in some respects are more advanced than the whiteboard in the Zoom program. Methodological problems relate to the definition of forms and methods of lectures, practical and laboratory classes, as well as the semester exam. Our survey showed that 1) 78% of students perceive the lecture material better if the form of its presentation is similar to the traditional one; 2) 71% of students prefer to see mathematical expressions written using a Power Point presentation, in which a gradual step-by-step derivation of formulas is implemented. In order to control students' work at the beginning of each online lecture we conduct an express test control of the knowledges of the previous one, and at the end we offered to make a copy of their synopsis and save it in Google Classroom. Students’ grades for the test and synopsis were taken in account when setting the total rating score. Laboratory exercises were carried out using the created virtual labs. To create visual representations of the virtual models, we prepared short videos that illustrate the main stages of work. The most difficult was to conduct the exam in a distance form. We used the test form of exam. To avoid the exchange of correct answers to test items each student dot individual tasks. To reduce the possibility of communicating with strangers during the exam, students performed tasks with the video camera and microphone turned on. All of this reduced the likelihood of academic integrity of the students. Key words: physics, synchronous distance learning, lecture webinar, labs, exam.

1132 How Much Are Junior Doctors Aware and Knowledgeable of Colorectal Enhanced Recovery Program? A General District Hospital Audit

Aim Aim of the study is assessment of awareness and knowledge of colorectal Enhanced Recovery Program (ERP) of newly joined junior doctors at a general district hospital. ERP is an essential evidence-based element of surgical colorectal patients’ management during preoperative, operative, and postoperative periods. Junior doctors play an integral part in patients’ management. Local hospital guidelines require 100 % awareness and knowledge of ERP among surgical team members. Method A questionnaire of 15 points for assessment of awareness (1 point) and knowledge of Colorectal ERP (14 points) among 8 newly joined junior doctors (Senior House Officers, Foundation year 2 and Foundation year 1) was developed in our surgical department in August 2020. Results The responses showed that average score of doctors’ knowledge of ERP was (52.9 %). Two doctors (25%) scored 9 out of 14 (9 /14), two (25 %) scored 8/14, one (12.5 %) scored 7.25 /14, one (12.5 %) scored 7/14, one (12.5%) scored 6/14, one (12.5%) scored 5 /14. Regarding awareness of ERP, 5/8 doctors were aware of ERP (62.5 %). Conclusions The study showed presence of a variable average level of awareness and knowledge of ERP among newly joined junior doctors. This was less than local guidelines target (100%). The study recommends education (power point presentation) for improving awareness and knowledge of ERP among newly joined junior doctors. This is to be followed by re-auditing and closing the audit loop.

1144 How Much Does Colorectal Enhanced Recovery Program Education Affect Knowledge of Newly Joined Junior Doctors? A General District Hospital Re-Audit

Aim Aim of the study is closing the audit loop on knowledge of colorectal Enhanced Recovery Program (ERP) among newly joined junior doctors in a general district hospital. Original audit showed shortage of awareness and knowledge among newly joined junior doctors. The recommendation was educating them regarding ERP and re-auditing. Method Education through a 30-minute power point presentation, on colorectal ERP, was done among newly joined junior doctors. This was followed by a 12-point questionnaire for testing the knowledge of colorectal ERP protocol among 5 newly joined junior doctors (Senior House Officers, Foundation year 2 and Foundation year 1) in our surgical department in August 2020. Results The responses showed an increase in doctors’ knowledge to 90 % (re-audit) from 52.9% (original audit). An increase of about 40% in their knowledge. The average score of their knowledge was 10.8/12 (90 %). One doctor (20 %) scored 12 out of 12 (12/12), two (40 %) scored 11/12 and two (40 %) scored 10/12. Conclusions The study showed that education of newly joined junior doctors resulted in a substantial improvement in their level of knowledge of colorectal ERP, almost up to the local hospital guidelines target (100 %). The study recommends this education to be an integral part of their induction program not only locally but also nationwide. It highlights the impact of education on colorectal ERP implementation.

Assessment of technical and vocational trainers’ competence to adopt E-learning technologies into TVET curriculum implementation in higher education institutions

This study examined the level of expertise of Technical and Vocational Education Training (TVET) educators to use e-learning technologies for the delivery of TVET curriculum at higher levels of education. Gender influence on the TVET educators’ competencies to use the technologies for their educational duties was also examined. The descriptive survey research design was adopted. Two research questions and one hypothesis were posed to guide the study. A total of Ninety Three (93) TVET educators made up of 67(72%) male and 26 (28%) female drawn from the authors of articles and participants in panels at all the proceedings and workshops of the International Conferences on e-learning technologies for innovative education organized by the: Online Learning consortium (OLC); Association for Talent Development (ATD) and Association for Educational Communications and Technology (AECT) between the periods of 2010 to 2019 were screened and used through convenience random and purposive sampling methods. The data collected through questionnaire were analyzed and tested using frequency count, percentage, mean, standard deviation and T-test. The instrument had face validity and reliability co-efficient of 0.81 obtained using Cronbach Alpha formulas. The findings revealed that TVET educators were highly competent users to the use of most of the studied e-learning technologies (such as: Use of Projectors and power point presentation; Using Online networking sites..; Utilizing Learning Objects; Creating/delivering web-based instruction; etc) with average mean score greater than 3.5.However, the study reported a low level of expertise by the TVET educators in the use of smart (electronic) Board to deliver instruction (31.2%) with average Mean score of 1.96.In addition to this, the study revealed a significant difference between the level of expertise/competence of male and female TVET educators on the use of e-learning technologies (t-calculated (12.702) > t-tabulated (1.960) at 0.05 level of significant).Conclusively, the study recommended that more customized e-learning technologies for the teaching and learning of TVET courses should be made available in the higher education and TVET educators be professionally trained on how to use them for their core business of teaching.

Perception and preferences of second professional undergraduate medical students for pharmacology teaching: a questionnaire based cross-sectional study

Background: Feedback from students provides an opportunity to assess lacunae in current systems of teaching and forms the basis for framing desired modifications in the teaching methodology to enhance the magnitude of learning. This study was undertaken to know the views of students on current methodology of pharmacology teaching and to delineate the required changes to be made in it.Methods: The questionnaire based cross-sectional study was conducted on 167 students of second professional undergraduate medical students. The questionnaire was divided in 2 different parts. Part A consisted 20 multiple choice questions on perception and preferences of students for pharmacology teaching and opinion on changes to be made was taken in the part B of the questionnaire.Results: Pharmacology was marked as one of the most interesting and useful subjects by 49.1% and 67.06% of students respectively. Central nervous system (19.76%) and endocrinology (17.96%) were two most boring systems. The central (35.92%) and autonomic (31.73%) nervous systems were two most difficult systems to understand. The combination of lecture notes and textbooks was the preferred reading materials of 58.68% of students. The most preferred teaching media was the combination of blackboard and chalk with power point presentation (80.24%). Increased use of figures, flow charts and diagrams, inclusion of more clinical examples and interactive classes were marked as suggested reforms to enhance the outcome of lecture classes.Conclusions: This study revealed that students are in favour of a substantial change in the current teaching methodology of pharmacology in place of outdated and useless methods.

Penyuluhan dan Promosi Kesehatan untuk Pencegahan Hipertensi di Desa Payatumpi Kabupaten Aceh Tengah

ABSTRAKHipertensi merupakan kondisi dimana tekanan darah lebih tinggi dari 140/90 mmHg. Hipertensi yang tidak terkontrol dapat menyebabkan berbagai macam penyakit hingga berujung kematian. Namun, pencegahan hipertensi dapat dilakukan sejak dini. Kegiatan pengabdian bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan Masyarakat di desa Payatumpi Kec.Kebayakan Kab.Aceh Tengah. Kegiatan pengabdian penyuluhan dilakukan dengan cara eksplanasi dan diskusi pada 50 masyarakat yang terdiri dari 31 wanita dan 19 pria yang dikumpulkan di Kantor desa pada tanggal 21 Januari 2021. Instrumen penyuluhan yang menggunakan pamflet dan power point presentation, dan pengukuran tekanan darah. hasil yang didapat menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan promosi kesehatan merupakan salah satu upaya membantu masyarakat dalam menurunkan angka kejadian hipertensi dengan meningkatkan pengetahuan sehingga terjadi perubahan perilaku dan sikap dalam menjalankan perilaku hidup sehat.Kata Kunci: Promosi, Pencegahan, HipertensiABSTRACTHypertension is a condition where blood pressure is higher than 140/90 mmHg. Uncontrolled hypertension can cause various diseases and lead to death. However, prevention of hypertension can be done early. The service activity aims to increase the knowledge of the community in Payatumpi village, Kebayakan district, Central Aceh district. Extension service activities were carried out by way of explanation and discussion in 50 communities consisting of 31 women and 19 men who were collected at the village office on January 21, 2021. The extension instrument used pamphlets and power point presentations, and blood pressure measurements. The results obtained indicate that health promotion activities are an effort to help the community in reducing the incidence of hypertension by increasing knowledge so that changes in behavior and attitudes occur in carrying out healthy living behaviors.Keywords: Promotion, Prevention, Hypertension

Undergraduate teaching in COVID-19 pandemic: an experience at tertiary care centre

Background: COVID-19 outbreak has taught us to opt for technologies, which have not been used before. There is lot of information available on the internet for learning, but undergraduate students of medicine need continuous guidance. The best platform would be live online teaching which includes student centred learning and observing appropriate COVID-19 social distancing. Aims and objectives of the study was to highlight various positive and negative impacts of COVID-19 on medical education.Methods: The students included in the study are from second MBBS with total number of 200. Time table was planned and everyday two live lectures across their subjects of study were taken. The classes were carried out using the Cisco Webex software. The students were able to ask questions and cleared doubts during and at the end of each class. The feedback of the session was collected by structured format and observations recorded.Results: In the present study the advantages of online classes based on student observations were: learning at ease, flexible environment, no delay in classes, and no peer distraction. In the present study the disadvantages were: eyes are getting strained, network issues, concentrate for long time, disturbances at home and no practical knowledge. In the present study, improvements and suggestions offered were to provide recorded videos or power point presentation, case based discussions, assignments and revision classes to be increased.Conclusions: The present study had several limitations. The study was conducted during the first phase of the COVID-19 pandemic at a Government Institute where most students belong to middle class. Despite these limitations, we believe the study provides relevant insights into the challenges facing online medical education in a time of healthcare crisis.