Effects of fatty acids having different alkyl tail lengths on rigidness of the shell region surrounding an ionic core and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) ionomer/fatty acid blends

Bio-based films were prepared by acylation of cellulose with saturated, unsaturated and branched fatty acids. The products showed increased thermal stability, low water vapour transmission rates and enhanced tensile and elastic properties.

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Mechanical Properties of Poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) Reinforced with Carbon Fibers

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13010165 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 165

Author(s):

Tatjana Haramina ◽

Daniel Pugar ◽

Darko Ivančević ◽

Ivica Smojver

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Carbon Fibers ◽

Methacrylic Acid ◽

Mass Fraction ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Tensile Tests ◽

Mechanical Analysis ◽

Double Layers ◽

The Matrix ◽

Poly Ethylene

The capability of poly(ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (E/MAA) to self-heal is well known, however, its mechanical properties are weak. In this study, composites with single and double layers of unidirectional (UD) carbon fibers were prepared by compression molding. Even a low mass fraction of fibers substantially improved the polymer. The flexural and tensile properties were tested at 0°, 45° and 90° fibers direction and compared to those of the matrix. The mechanical properties in the 0° direction proved superior. Flexural properties depended on the reinforcement distance from the stress neutral plane. The tensile modulus in the 0° direction was 13 times greater despite only a 2.5% mass fraction of fibers. However, both tensile modulus and strength were observed to degrade in the 90° direction. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed the dependence of both structure and properties on the thermal history of E/MAA. Tensile tests after ballistic impact showed that the modulus of the self-healed E/MAA was not affected, yet the strength, yield point, and particularly the elongation at break were reduced. A composite with higher fiber content could be prepared by mixing milled E/MAA particles in fibers prior to compression.

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GC Analysis of Seven Seed Oils Containing Conjugated Fatty Acids

Separations ◽

10.3390/separations8040051 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Robert Goldschmidt ◽

William Byrdwell

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Methyl Esters ◽

Seed Oils ◽

Natural Occurrence ◽

Conjugated Fatty Acids ◽

Flame Ionization ◽

Two Samples ◽

Poly Ethylene ◽

Multiple Species

The fatty acid compositions, including isomer compositions, of seven seed oils containing conjugated fatty acids (CFA) were determined. Seed oils were extracted using a modified Folch extraction, converted to fatty acid methyl esters, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry and flame ionization detection. The MS detector was operated in positive-ion chemical ionization mode using methane reagent gas. GC was performed using two columns providing different retention characteristics: a poly(ethylene glycol) column and a more polar biscyanopropyl column. The complimentary information provided by the two columns was crucial to peak identification in several cases. The major CFA species in the samples are well known but all contained lesser amounts of additional CFA that have not been widely reported. All samples contained multiple species of conjugated linolenic acid, and two samples also contained small amounts of conjugated linoleic acid. The seed oils of Jacaranda mimosifolia and Calendula officinalis were found to contain 8c,10t,12t-18:3, the natural occurrence of which has only been recently reported in some other samples. The seed oil of Impatiens balsamina has been reported to contain four conjugated 18:4 species, and we present evidence for a fifth conjugated 18:4 isomer.

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Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

Thrombosis and Haemostasis ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1660071 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 54 (03) ◽

pp. 563-569 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

M K Salo ◽

E Vartiainen ◽

P Puska ◽

T Nikkari

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Platelet Aggregation ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Free Living ◽

Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽

Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

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EFFECT OF GINGER, LEMURU FISH OIL SAPONIFICATION AND OLIVE OIL ON COMPOSITION FATTY ACID OF BEEF

Jurnal Agroindustri ◽

10.31186/j.agroind.4.1.31-39 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 31-39

Author(s):

Siwitri Kadarsih

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Omega 6

The objective was to get beef that contain unsaturated fatty acids (especially omega 3 and 6), so as to improve intelligence, physical health for those who consume. The study design using CRD with 3 treatments, each treatment used 4 Bali cattle aged approximately 1.5 years. Observations were made 8 weeks. Pasta mixed with ginger provided konsentrat. P1 (control); P2 (6% saponification lemuru fish oil, olive oil 1%; rice bran: 37.30%; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 100 g); P3 (lemuru fish oil saponification 8%, 2% olive oil; rice bran; 37.30; corn: 62.70%; KLK: 7%, ginger paste: 200 g). Konsentrat given in the morning as much as 1% of the weight of the cattle based on dry matter, while the grass given a minimum of 10% of the weight of livestock observation variables include: fatty acid composition of meat. Data the analyzies qualitative. The results of the study showed that the composition of saturated fatty acids in meat decreased and an increase in unsaturated fatty acids, namely linoleic acid (omega 6) and linolenic acid (omega 3), and deikosapenta deikosaheksa acid.Keywords :

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Fatty Acid Profile and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Two Marine Sponge- Associated Bacteria

Current Bioactive Compounds ◽

10.2174/1573407216666200214095114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (9) ◽

pp. 1273-1280

Author(s):

Giuseppina Tommonaro ◽

Ali M. El-Hagrassi ◽

Walid Fayad ◽

Carmine Iodice ◽

Kamel H. Shaker ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Colorectal Carcinoma ◽

Cell Line ◽

Marine Sponge ◽

Hct116 Cell ◽

Associated Bacteria ◽

Sponge Associated Bacteria ◽

Human Colorectal Carcinoma

Background: Colorectal cancer represents one of the prominent causes of mortality worldwide in men and women. The objective of this study was to search for new potential anticancer compounds, both in prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. The anticancer potential of marine bacterial extracts against Human colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT116) was evaluated as well as the partial identification of bioactive metabolites. Methods: All bacterial extracts were tested for their cytotoxicity against HCT116 cell line by means of MTT assay. The highly cytotoxic dichloromethane extracts of marine sponge-associated bacteria Vibrio sp. and Bacillus sp. were analyzed by GC-MS. Results: Two fractions, Vib3 and Bac3, exhibited a very interesting cytotoxicity against human colorectal carcinoma (HCT116) cell line, with a percentage of cytotoxicity of 96.04 % and 29.48 %, respectively. Discussion: The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of two major fatty acids, palmitic and oleic acids, in Vib3 fraction and fatty acid esters and phenolic compounds in Bac3 fraction. Conclusion: Based on previous literature, it may be hypothesized that the anticancer activity of bacterial extracts could be, at least partially, to the fatty acids fraction.

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Content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols in commercial natural phospholipid excipients

Current Pharmaceutical Analysis ◽

10.2174/1573412916999200605162707 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Luxia Zheng ◽

Xiong Shen ◽

Yingchun Wang ◽

Jian Liang ◽

Mingming Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

High Performance ◽

Comprehensive Evaluation ◽

Phospholipid Fatty Acid ◽

Egg Yolk ◽

Systematic Research ◽

Manufacturing Enterprises ◽

The Many

Background: Phospholipids are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industry as functional excipients. In spite of the many analytical methods reported, there are very limited reports concerning systematic research and comparison of phospholipid excipients. Objective: To present a comprehensive evaluation of commercial natural phospholipid excipients (CNPEs). Methods: Seventeen batches of CNPEs from five manufacturing enterprises, isolated either from soybean or egg yolk, were investigated. The content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols as a whole were considered as the evaluative index of CNPEs. Eight kinds of phospholipids were determined by supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC), twenty-one kinds of fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography (GC) after boron trifluoride-methanol derivatization, and nine kinds of sterols were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after separation and derivatization of the unsaponifiable matter. Cluster analysis was employed for classification and identification of the CNPEs. Results: The results showed that each kind of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols. Seventeen batches of samples were divided into eight groups in cluster analysis. CNPEs of the same type from different source (soybean or egg yolk) or enterprises presented different content and composition of phospholipids, fatty acids and sterols. Conclusion: Each type of CNPEs had its characteristic content and composition of phospholipid, fatty acid and sterol. The compositions of phospholipid, fatty acid and sterol as a whole can be applied as an indicator of the quality and characteristics for CNPEs.

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In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Virgin Coconut Oil and its Fractions in Liver and Oral Cancer Cells

Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1871520619666191021160752 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (18) ◽

pp. 2223-2230 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Poonam Verma ◽

Sanjukta Naik ◽

Pranati Nanda ◽

Silvi Banerjee ◽

Satyanarayan Naik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Oral Cancer ◽

Anticancer Activity ◽

Cancer Cells ◽

Cell Line ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Anticancer Efficacy ◽

Oral Cancer Cells

Background: Coconut oil is an edible oil obtained from fresh, mature coconut kernels. Few studies have reported the anticancer role of coconut oil. The fatty acid component of coconut oil directly targets the liver by portal circulation and as chylomicron via lymph. However, the anti-cancer activity of coconut oil against liver cancer cells and oral cancer cells is yet to be tested. The active component of coconut oil, that is responsible for the anticancer activity is not well understood. In this study, three different coconut oils, Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO), were used. Objective: Based on previous studies, it can be hypothesized that fatty acids in coconut oil may have anticancer potential and may trigger cell death in cancer cell lines. Methods: Each cell line was treated with different concentrations of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO), Processed Coconut Oil (PCO) and Fractionated Coconut Oil (FCO). The treated cells were assayed by MTT after 72 hr of incubation. The fatty acid composition of different coconut oils was analyzed by gas chromatography. Result: Different concentrations of coconut oils were used to treat the cells. Interestingly, the anticancer efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO was not uniform, rather the efficacy varied from cell line to cell line. Only 20% VCO showed significant anticancer activity in HepG2 cells in comparison to 80% PCO against the KB cell line. Remarkably, 20% of PCO and 5% of FCO showed potential growth inhibition in the KB cell line as compared to 80% PCO in HepG2 cells. Moreover, there was a difference in the efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO, which might be due to their fatty acid composition. Comparing the anticancer efficacy of VCO, PCO and FCO in this study helped to predict which class of fatty acids and which fatty acid might be associated with the anticancer activity of VCO. Conclusion: This study shows that VCO, PCO and FCO have anticancer efficacy and may be used for the treatment of cancer, especially liver and oral cancer.

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Chlorella vulgaris as a Source of Essential Fatty Acids and Micronutrients: A Brief Commentary

The Open Plant Science Journal ◽

10.2174/1874294701710010092 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 92-99 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hércules Rezende Freitas

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Essential Fatty Acids ◽

Total Lipid Content ◽

Dietary Quality ◽

Negative Effects ◽

Algae Biomass ◽

Dietary Consumption ◽

Acid Consumption

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) comprise about 35-40% of the total lipid content from green algaeChlorella, reaching up to 24% linoleic acid and 27% α-linolenic acid inC. vulgaris. Also, microalgae nutrient composition may be modulated by changes in the culture medium, increasing fatty acid and microelement concentrations in the algae biomass. PUFAs, such as α-linolenic (n-3) and linoleic (n-6) acids, as well as its derivatives, are considered essential for dietary consumption, and their ability to regulate body chemistry has been recently explored in depth. A balanced fatty acid consumption is shown to counteract the negative effects of western diets, such as chronic inflammation and glucose intolerance. In this brief commentary, technological and practical uses ofC. vulgarisare explored as means to improve dietary quality and, ultimately, human health.

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