International insights into the consequences of COVID-19 on consumption and attitudes towards savings

Research background: The coronavirus has impacted the global economy as many businesses had to close due to the restrictions, and people’s spending and saving behaviour have changed. According to the negative consequences of the COVID-19, people reconsider their expenditures and rearrange their savings. To avoid the spread of infection, several employers switched to a home office where it was possible. As a result of working from home in numerous cases, monthly housing expenditures have increased. To prevent the spread of the disease, a great number of people tried not to appear in crowded places. Therefore, online shopping came to the fore. Purpose of the article: The main purpose of the article is to give a comprehensive picture of the relationship between the respondents’ job losses and their attitudes towards savings. Furthermore, the association was analysed, and its strength and direction were measured between the increased monthly housing expenditures and the reconsideration of shopping intentions. Moreover, the association was examined between the decreased spendings on commuting and the frequency of online shopping. Methods: The research was conducted among residents in two neighbouring V4 countries, Slovakia and Hungary. To analyse the formulated hypotheses, a nonparametric Pearson's chi-square test and Somers’ delta tests were used. Findings & Value added: Thanks to the results, it can be declared for both countries that there is an association between job losses due to the pandemic and saving behaviour. Based on Somers‘d test, there is a positive correlation between spending less on commuting and online shopping frequency and increased housing expenditures and shopping reconsideration between the respondents.

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Gaining a Continuous Retaining Relationship with Customers in Mobile Sector

Digital Marketing and Consumer Engagement ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-5187-4.ch023 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 444-459

Author(s):

Irene Samanta

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Global Economy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oligopolistic Market ◽

Oligopolistic Markets ◽

Mobile Industry ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

New Situation

One of the main characteristics of the global economy is the creation of oligopolistic markets. The decisions of those industries are characterised by interactivity. The risk arising from the domination of the power of oligopoly is the previous stage of manipulation of the market. This situation is against the concept of competitiveness and causes an entirely new situation to the customer's disadvantage. Mobile industry which is a typical oligopolistic market in Europe leads us to examine this specific market in Greece. Therefore, the present study examines the factors that influence the relationship marketing strategy of the industry. The research was conducted using a sample of 806 users of mobile phones. The method used for the quantitative analysis is chi-square test, discriminant analysis, which is based on Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The study has indicated that intense competition between mobile phone firms in Greece leads to the manipulation of consumers' behaviour. Also, findings of the current research demonstrate that firms create a unified policy in order to restrain their customers' consuming behaviour to a state of inertia, the customer passively re-buys the same service provider without much thought.

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Online grocery shopping: the customers´ perspective in the Czech Republic

Equilibrium ◽

10.24136/eq.2021.025 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 679-695

Author(s):

Ottó Bartók ◽

Vratislav Kozák ◽

Radka Bauerová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Questionnaire Survey ◽

Quantitative Research ◽

Online Shopping ◽

Statistical Evaluation ◽

Value Added ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Correlation Test ◽

Chi Square Test

Research background: Online shopping is becoming popular among most customers thanks to quickness and easy shopping, and also due the COVID pandemic. Companies are aware of the great interest of customers and, as a consequence, e-commerce is expanding. There has been a significant increase in online grocery purchases due to economic growth in the past few years. Online shopping attracts a lot of research interest, individual authors and this is a widely discussed topic. It should be borne in mind that online purchasing of food has its own peculiarities compared to the segment of electronics or fashion from the perspective of everyday needs. Purpose of the article: The aim of the study is to analyze specific consumer behaviour in online purchasing of groceries. This study takes into account the age and purchasing preferences of online grocery purchasers. Methods: The study was conducted using quantitative research. Data (n = 171) was obtained by using a questionnaire survey done in the Czech Republic. The questionnaire survey contained 17 questions. For the statistical evaluation, Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation test were used. For the statistical evaluation, Chi-square test and Pearson´s correlation test were used. Findings & value added: The results of the study indicate that there is a relationship between the age of customers and online purchase in the grocery field. However, customers who use the e-shop for grocery purchase are still reluctant to buy perishable goods (meat, pastries) and prefer goods that are packed directly by the manufacturer. The study sheds light on understanding the customers? purchasing behaviour and their preferences in terms of quality of service, payment terms, delivery conditions, and range of assortment.

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The Willingness to Devote Time to Volunteers Projects in Relation to Volunteers Practice

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20219209019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 92 ◽

pp. 09019

Author(s):

Lucie Zárubová ◽

Lenka Švecová

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

University Students ◽

Quantitative Study ◽

Value Added ◽

Common Goal ◽

Chi Square ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Team Cooperation ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship

Research background: The article deals with the volunteering. The relationship between school and volunteer orientation is compared among respondents preparing for the future labour market, i.e. high school and university students of various specializations who study in the Czech Republic. Students can be motivated by gaining experience in team cooperation in solving a common goal like one type of the motivator. Are volunteers and potential volunteers willing to devote their time to projects in the same way, whether they have experience with volunteering or not? Purpose of the article: The purpose is to find the connection between the age of the respondents, their experiences with volunteering and the time they are willing to devote to the volunteering. Methods: The method is quantitative study of answers of students from high school and university students. The quantitative study uses Chi square test. The result of quantitative elaboration of the questionnaire survey is the answer to whether there is a connection between the age of the respondents, their experience with volunteering and the time which they are willing to devote to the volunteering. Findings & Value added: The result finds the differences and connections between age of volunteers, their experiences with volunteering and with willingness to be the volunteer for longer or shorter time. The result of the survey brings benefits to managers to recruit volunteers and it cannot be denied that the willingness of volunteers to devote their time to volunteering will change as they gain the experience.

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Gaining a Continuous Retaining Relationship with Customers in Mobile Sector

Advances in Business Information Systems and Analytics - Strategic Information Systems and Technologies in Modern Organizations ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-1680-4.ch011 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 258-273

Author(s):

Irene Samanta

Keyword(s):

Multivariate Analysis ◽

Mobile Phones ◽

Global Economy ◽

Chi Square ◽

Oligopolistic Market ◽

Oligopolistic Markets ◽

Mobile Industry ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

New Situation

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Hubungan Fatigue dengan Kejadian Excessive Daytime Sleepiness pada Perawat

Jurnal Riset Hesti Medan Akper Kesdam I/BB Medan ◽

10.34008/jurhesti.v6i1.227 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 28

Author(s):

Septian Mixrova Sebayang ◽

Dewi Astuti Pasaribu

Keyword(s):

Excessive Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Daytime Sleepiness ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Total Sample ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Chi Square ◽

Excessive Sleepiness ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

The Relationship ◽

Scale Data

Nurses hold an important responsibility for maintaining patients’safety. It has been known that fatigue and sleepiness may result in errors with negative consequences for patient safety. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness among nurses. This research design is descriptive correlation. The total sample in this study was 36 nurses. This research was conducted at the Special Eye Hospital Medan. Sampling using purposive sampling. Data collection using the Three-Dimensional Work Fatigue Inventory (3D-WFI) and The Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Data analysis using the Chi-Square test. The results of this study indicate that the majority of nurses experience tired fatigue as many as 22 respondents (61.1%) compared to 14 respondents (38.9%) not tired. Chi Square test showed an association between fatigue and excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in nurses (P = 0.000 <α 0.05). This study recommends nurses to optimize the work hours of nurses to overcome daytime sleepiness, and for nurses to maintain conditions in order to avoid excessive sleepiness which can cause adverse event.

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IDENTIFIKASI SERTA HUBUNGAN KONSTRUKSI SUMUR GALI TERHADAP KANDUNGAN COLIFORM PADA AIR SUMUR GALI DI DUSUN JIKEN KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR

Bioscientist : Jurnal Ilmiah Biologi ◽

10.33394/bjib.v7i2.2371 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 115

Author(s):

Dini Yuliansari

Keyword(s):

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Well Water ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Variable ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Dug Wells ◽

Dug Well ◽

The Relationship

The well is one of the source water used for bathing, washing, and drinking by the citizens in Jiken Hamlet, Rarang Village, Terara Sub-District. Poor dug well construction conditions can affect the amount of coliform bacteria contained in the dug well water. The purpose of this study is to identify the construction of dug wells and the content of coliform bacteria in dug well water and determine the relationship between dug well construction and the content of coliform bacteria. This research is analytic with a cross sectional study design. The results were obtained from 11 samples of dug wells which were observed in construction and the coliform content was known that all samples did not requirements as good dug well construction. Coliform content test results showed that as many as 5 dug well water samples did not pass the clean water quality standards. The results of data analysis with the chi-square test variable construction of dug wells with coliform content variable showed 0,172 > 0,05, then the concluded is the dug well not suitable to use by people in that area as a source of water for daily needs.

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Hubungan antara Luas Lesi pada Foto Toraks Penderita TB Paru Dewasa yang Memiliki Riwayat Diabetes Melitus dengan Indeks Massa Tubuh di Rumah Sakit Hasan Sadikin Bandung

Jurnal Radiologi Indonesia ◽

10.33748/jradidn.v1i3.18 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 138-144

Author(s):

Ina Edwina ◽

Rista D Soetikno ◽

Irma H Hikmat

Keyword(s):

Chest Radiograph ◽

Chi Square ◽

Pulmonary Tb ◽

X Ray ◽

Consecutive Sampling ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Chest X Ray ◽

The Relationship ◽

Diabetes Melitus

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) prevalence rates are increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries like Indonesia. There is a relationship between TB and DM that are very prominent, which is the prevalence of pulmonary TB with DM increased by 20 times compared with pulmonary TB without diabetes. Chest X-ray picture of TB patients with DM is atypical lesion. However, there are contradictories of pulmonary TB lesion on chest radiograph of DM patients. Nutritional status has a close relationship with the morbidity of DM, as well as TB.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the lesions of TB on the chest radiograph of patients who su?er from DM with their Body Mass Index (BMI) in Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Material and Methods: The study was conducted in Department of Radiology RSHS Bandung between October 2014 - February 2015. We did a consecutive sampling of chest radiograph and IMT of DM patients with clinical diagnosis of TB, then the data was analysed by Chi Square test to determine the relationship between degree of lesions on chest radiograph of pulmonary TB on patients who have DM with their BMI.Results: The results showed that adult patients with active pulmonary TB with DM mostly in the range of age 51-70 years old, equal to 62.22%, with the highest gender in men, equal to 60%. Chest radiograph of TB in patients with DM are mostly seen in people who are obese, which is 40% and the vast majority of lesions are minimal lesions that is equal to 40%.Conclusions: There is a signifcant association between pulmonary TB lesion degree with BMI, with p = 0.03

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Usia Resiko Tinggi dan Perdarahan Post Partum

Jurnal Informasi Kesehatan Indonesia (JIKI) ◽

10.31290/jiki.v(3)i(2)y(2017).page:91-95 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 91

Author(s):

Ani Media Harumi ◽

Kasiati Kasiati

Keyword(s):

High Risk ◽

Post Partum ◽

Chi Square ◽

Sample Number ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Study Population ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship of age high risk with the incidence ofbleeding post partum in dr. M. Soewandhie Surabaya hospital. This research is analytic with an approachof a sectional cross. The study population was all post partum mothers in the Dr. M. Soewandhie Surabayahospital in January 2016 to March 2017, which amounts to an average of 1840respondents while theresearch sample number 182. Measuring collection sheet data obtained by systematic random sampling.The Study was conducted Chi-Square test obtained mean count X2 (0,00) is less than á (0.05) thenH0 is rejected and H1 accepted it means that there is a relationship between the age of high risk withbleeding post partum. Conclusion, there is a relationship between the age of high risk with the incidenceof bleeding post partum in the Spaceof the Maternity room Dr. Moch. Soewandhie Surabayahospital.

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Severity of Psoriasis Associated with Metabolic Syndrome

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.19.6.7278 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (6) ◽

pp. 2072-2079

Author(s):

Ana Maria Alexandra Stanescu ◽

Constantin Stefani ◽

Ioana Veronica Grajdeanu ◽

Bogdan Serban ◽

Gheorghe Ciobanu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Cardiovascular Diseases ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Statistical Data ◽

Severe Psoriasis ◽

Negative Consequences ◽

Chi Square ◽

Statistical Software ◽

Total Group ◽

Chi Square Test

Although extensively studied, psoriasis still has negative consequences and is associated with multiple comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome. The severity of psoriasis seems to influence the occurrence of diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome. 208 patients diagnosed with psoriasis were identified, who were divided into lots depending on the severity of psoriasis, but also to the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome. Interpretation of statistical data was done with SPSS V21 (Statistical Package for Social Science) and MEDCALC (Statistical Software). The coexistence of severe psoriasis with metabolic syndrome increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases by 2.97 or greater, with a confidence interval of [1.60, 5.51], than that of patients with severe psoriasis who have no metabolic syndrome. The hypothesis was statistically confirmed by p = 0.003. Analyzing the total group with psoriasis by severity, we found the following distribution: from the total number of 208 patients, 39 (18.8%) had severe psoriasis, 83 (39.9%) moderate psoriasis and 86 (41.3%) mild psoriasis. The higher incidence of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis is evidenced by the Pearson Chi-Square test, where p [0.001. The association of metabolic syndrome in patients with psoriasis is evident. The more severe the psoriasis, the more likely it is to develop metabolic syndrome.

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Association between tumor mutational burden (TMB) and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) in patients (pts) with metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) during checkpoint immunotherapy.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2021.39.6_suppl.489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 39 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 489-489

Author(s):

Elie W. Akl ◽

Pier Vitale Nuzzo ◽

Elio Adib ◽

Amin Nassar ◽

Sarah Abou Alaiwi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sequencing Data ◽

Chi Square ◽

P Values ◽

Exact Test ◽

Radiological Data ◽

Tumor Mutational Burden ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

Multivariable Regression ◽

The Relationship

489 Background: Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has greatly improved clinical outcomes for pts with mUC and other cancers. ICI is associated with a class of AEs, deemed irAEs due to immune activation. Nonetheless, biomarkers associated with irAE are still lacking. We hypothesized that the immune response against neoantigens is partly responsible for irAEs and investigated the association between irAEs, TMB and response to ICI. Methods: We identified patients with mUC at Dana Farber Cancer Institute who were treated with ICI (monotherapy or combination) and had available tumor sequencing data through Oncopanel. TMB was calculated using the number of non-synonymous exonic mutations per megabase. The severity of irAEs was graded using CTCAE v.5.0. Mann-Whitney U test was performed to identify association between TMB, incidence and grade of irAEs. A cut-off of 10/mb was assigned for TMB. Fisher’s exact test was used to evaluate the radiologic response between pts with and without irAEs and low vs. high TMB. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the relationship between TMB, irAEs and response. p-values were adjusted using Benjamini-Hochberg method. Results: Of 101 pts with mUC who met the inclusion criteria, 32 (32%) reported irAEs. 6 (6%) were grade (G)1, 20 (20%) were G2, and 6 (6%) were G3. Median(m) time on therapy was 84 days for pts without irAEs and 88 days for pts with irAEs. Pts with irAEs had higher mTMB (15.4/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (9.8) ( p = 0.01). In pts on monotherapy (93), those with irAEs (n=27) had a higher mTMB (15.13/mb) compared to pts with no irAEs (n=66) (mTMB = 10.20/mb) ( p = 0.01). Out of 94 pts with radiological data, response was achieved in 16 (50%) pts with irAE vs 10 (16%) pts with no irAE ( p < 0.001). When both irAE and response were included in a multivariable regression, the association between irAE and TMB was not significant ( p = 0.4). Pts with both irAE and high TMB had a response rate of 56% which was significantly higher than those with either irAE but low TMB (28.6%) or high TMB but no irAE (21.2 %) or low TMB and no irAE (10.3%) (Chi-square test p = 0.002; FDR corrected p-values for individual comparisons in Table). There was no association between TMB and irAE grade. Conclusions: Higher TMB was associated with higher incidence of irAEs in pts with mUC on ICIs. Moreover, pts with both high TMB and irAEs exhibited better response rates than those with only high TMB or irAEs, suggesting that they may provide complementary tumor and host characteristics. Further evaluation in mUC is needed to confirm this relationship between TMB, irAEs and response in a larger cohort and explore specific mutational signatures that may be associated with irAEs. [Table: see text]

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