scholarly journals Rottlerin, a Polyphenolic Compound, Alleviate Body Adiposity by Enhancing Lipolysis and Thermogenesis in Diet-Induced Obesity Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1222-1222
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyung Kim ◽  
Eun Young Kang ◽  
Gwang-woong Go
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Polyphenolic Compound ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Body Adiposity

Abstract Objectives Rottlerin (mallotoxin) is a polyphenolic compound in Mallotus philippensis. The anti-tumor, anti-inflammation, and mitochondrial uncoupling regulation effects of rottlerin have been known. However, the anti-obesity effect was not reported yet. Thus, we hypothesized that rottlerin would suppress body fat accumulation in obesity-induced mice. Methods Five-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) (60% kcal from fat) ad libitum for 8 weeks. Mice were randomly assigned to five groups as follows: 1) normal diet (18% kcal from fat), 2) negative control (60% kcal from fat), 3) rottlerin 10 (HFD + rottlerin 10 mg/kg bw), 4) rottlerin 20 (HFD + 20 mg/kg bw), 5) positive control (HFD + metformin 150 mg/kg bw). Rottlerin was daily supplemented by oral gavage. Body weight and feed intake were measured each week. Results Body weight and weight gain were reduced in rottlerin 20 compared to the control (P < 0.001). Body fat mass was also significantly decreased by rottlerin (P < 0.05). Total feed intake and lean mass were similar among HFD groups. Furthermore, energy expenditure was dose-dependently facilitated by rottlerin. RNA-sequencing results supported these findings that rottlerin 20 up-regulated fatty acid beta-oxidation, heat generation, and brown cell differentiation in white-adipose tissues. Rottlerin promoted a catabolic pathway such as lipolysis, thermogenesis, and oxidation in white adipose tissues. Moreover, non-esterified fatty acid levels were decreased by rottlerin (P < 0.05), and hepatic triglyceride contents tended to decline in rottlerin 20 without hepatotoxicity. Non-shivering thermogenesis enzymes, PRDM16 (P = 0.06) and UCP1 (P < 0.01), were stimulated by rottlerin. Conclusions Rottlerin supplementation altered body adiposity accumulation via enhancing fat utilization, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in obese mice. We suggest that rottlerin is a potent nutraceutical for anti-obesity. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (Ministry of Science and ICT; MSIT).

scholarly journals Metabolizable energy levels in diets with a fixed nutrient: calorie ratio for free-range broilers

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (6supl2) ◽  
pp. 4009-4022
Author(s):  
Thiago Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
◽  
Karina Márcia Ribeiro de Souza Nascimento ◽  
Charles Kiefer ◽  
Luanna Lopes Paiva Copat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Level ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Deposition

The present study proposes to examine the effect of dietary levels of metabolizable energy, under a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, on the production performance; body fat and protein deposition; and carcass characteristics of free-range broilers from 1 to 84 days of age. Nine hundred unsexed chicks were allocated to six treatments in a completely randomized design with six replicates of 25 birds each. Treatments consisted of diets with varying levels of metabolizable energy (2700, 2800, 2900, 3000, 3100 and 3200 Kcal ME/kg of diet) and a fixed proportion of nutrients relative to the energy level according to the nutritional requirements for each rearing phase. Body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion, production viability, metabolizable energy intake, protein intake, lysine intake, body fat deposition, body protein deposition and carcass characteristics were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and, later, to regression analysis. Increasing levels of metabolizable energy, coupled with a fixed nutrient:calorie ratio, reduced feed intake, increased body weight and weight gain, improved feed conversion and did not affect carcass characteristics. In conclusion, adjusting the nutrient supply according to the dietary energy level improves production performance by improving feed conversion, ensuring adequate nutrient intake and preserving fat and protein deposition in the carcass when the metabolizable energy level is raised up to 3200 Kcal/kg in all rearing stages.

scholarly journals 349 Empty body composition and retained energy of Jersey steers using an aggressive implant strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
Tylo J Kirkpatrick ◽  
Kaitlyn Wesley ◽  
Sierra L Pillmore ◽  
Kimberly Cooper ◽  
Travis Tennant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Total Body

Abstract This experiment was designed to quantify the empty body composition of Jersey steers administered an aggressive implant strategy. Jersey steers {n = 30; initial body weight (BW) 183 ± 43 kg} were randomly assigned to one of two implant strategies: negative control (CON), or implanted with Revalor 200 (200 mg trenbalone acetate / 20 mg estradiol 17-β; (REV) every 70 d (d 0, d 70, d 140, d 210, d 280, d 350) during a 420 d feeding period. Steers were harvested on d 421; 6 CON and 6 REV steers were randomly selected for collection of blood, hide, ground viscera, bone, and ground lean and fat to determine empty body composition. Proximate analysis was completed for each sample to determine total body percentages of moisture, crude protein, fat, and ash. Data were analyzed via independent t-test. Percentage empty body moisture (46.48% CON vs 49.69% REV) and empty body protein (15.32% CON vs 17.58% REV) were greater (P < 0.01) in REV cattle. In contrast empty body fat (33.51% CON vs 26.93% REV) was greater (P < 0.01) for CON cattle. Empty body ash did not differ (P > 0.10; 4.69% CON vs 5.80% REV) between treatments. Negative control steers contained a total empty body protein to total empty body fat ratio of 0.44:1 compared to 0.62:1 for REV steers. These data suggest that an aggressive implant strategy alters composition of gain during the finishing of Jersey steers toward increased protein and decreased fat.

The partition of nutrients in ewes maintained in a moderate compared with a lean body condition in late pregnancy

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (6) ◽  
pp. 743 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. McNeill ◽  
R. W. Kelly ◽  
I. H. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Placental Weight ◽  
Fetal Weight ◽  
Fetal Size ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Free Body

The effect of ewe fatness on fetal weight at term was tested without the confounding effects of placental weight and feed intake. We hypothesised that fetal weights should be similar in fat or lean ewes with placentas of a similar size, and tested the hypothesis by manipulating nutrition so that, at mating, Merino ewes carrying a single fetus were in a medium (score 2·9, liveweight 46·6 kg) or lean (score 2·0, liveweight 40·6 kg) condition. They were maintained at this fatness difference until slaughter at Day 146 of pregnancy when fetal, placental, and maternal tissues were weighed and analysed for composition. Subgroups (n = 8 per fatness group) slaughtered at Day 110, a stage when most placental hypertrophy is complete but the majority of fetal hypertrophy is yet to occur, confirmed that the treatments differed in ewe fatness (3·82 v. 9·19 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960; P < 0·001) but not placental weight (487 v. 538 g, s.e.m. = 41·5, P > 0·05). By Day 146, fatness differences (4·77 v. 9·56 kg empty-body fat, s.e.m. = 0·960, P < 0·001) and placental similarities (434 v. 502 g, s.e.m. = 38·3, P > 0·05) were maintained, and both groups produced fetuses of similar size (4408 v. 4382 g, s.e.m. = 204·6, P > 0·05). However, the fetuses in the lean ewes had 20% less fat/kg fat-free body weight (24 v. 30 g/kg, s.e.m. = 1·3, P < 0·01). Fetal weight was correlated with placental weight (r = 0·70; P < 0·01) but not with ewe fatness. Fetal fatness, however, was correlated with ewe fatness (r = 0·69; P < 0·01). Ewe fatness per se did not influence fetal size but did influence the deposition of fat in the fetus, possibly via a greater ability of fatter ewes to partition more glucose toward their fetus.

Body fat mobilization during lactation in high-producing sows fed varied omega-6 to omega-3 fatty acid ratios

2016 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Eastwood ◽  
Pascal Leterme ◽  
A. Denise Beaulieu
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Plant Oil ◽  
Fat Mobilization ◽  
Omega 6

The effects of reducing dietary omega (n)-6 to n-3 fatty acid (FA) ratios on body fat mobilization in lactating sows (n = 100) were investigated. Treatments consisted of a control (tallow, low polyunsaturated FA, 8:1 n-6:n-3 ratio), 3 diets with plant oil based ratios (9:1P, 5:1P, and 1:1P), and a 5:1 fish oil diet (5:1F). An epinephrine [1.6 μg kg−1 body weight (BW)] challenge was used to measure adipose tissue lipolytic activity (glycerol, NEFA, and leptin) on d 5 of lactation from a subset of sows (9:1P and 1:1P groups) fitted with jugular catheters. Lactation feed intake was greatest for control and 5:1P-fed sows (8.3 kg d−1), lowest for 1:1P-fed sows (7.4 kg d−1), and intermediate for 9:1P- and 5:1F-fed sows (7.7 kg d−1; P = 0.047). Piglet average daily gain (ADG) and estimated milk output were unaffected by diet (P > 0.10). The 1:1P-fed sows had (P < 0.10) greater backfat thickness, increased circulating leptin, and reduced feed intake, which are correlated (P < 0.10) with increased circulating glycerol and NEFA. Sows fed a plant oil based 1:1 n-6:n-3 FA ratio appeared to be in a state of negative energy balance; however, as no effects were observed on piglet ADG, these sows were able to provide the same level of nutrients to their offspring as the 9:1P fed sows.

scholarly journals Anti-Obesity Effect of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Mice Fed High-Fat Diet Is Independent of Cold-Induced Thermogenesis

2013 ◽  
pp. 153-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. JANOVSKÁ ◽  
P. FLACHS ◽  
L. KAZDOVÁ ◽  
J. KOPECKÝ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Uncoupling Protein ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Mitochondrial Uncoupling ◽  
Pufa Supplementation

Long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) exert beneficial effects on health and they could help to prevent development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. In our previous studies in mice fed high-fat (cHF; ~60 % calories as fat) diet and maintained at 20 °C, dietary LC n-3 PUFA could counteract accretion of body fat, without inducing mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) in adipose tissue, suggesting that the anti-obesity effect was not linked to adaptive (UCP1-mediated) thermogenesis. To exclude a possible dependence of the anti-obesity effect on any mechanism inducible by cold, experiments were repeated in mice maintained at thermoneutrality (30 °C). Male C57BL/6J mice were fed either cHF diet, or cHF diet supplemented with LC n-3 PUFA, or standard diet for 7 months. Similarly as at 20 °C, the LC n-3 PUFA supplementation reduced accumulation of body fat, preserved lipid and glucose homeostasis, and induced fatty acid re-esterification in epididymal white adipose tissue. Food consumption was not affected by LC n-3 PUFA intake. Our results demonstrated anti-obesity metabolic effect of LC n-3 PUFA, independent of cold-induced thermogenesis and they suggested that induction of fatty acid re-esterification creating a substrate cycle in white fat, which results in energy expenditure, could contribute to the anti-obesity effect.

scholarly journals Functional capacity of adipose tissue in human obesity and hyperlipidaemia

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Tremolieres ◽  
CL Sautier ◽  
L Carre ◽  
CL Flament ◽  
B Plumas
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Ideal Body Weight ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Metabolic Functions ◽  
A Value ◽  
Obese Subjects

1. Fifteen ‘constitutionally’ obese subjects, eleven hyperlipidaemic subjects of mixed-type and fourteen normal subjects were studied.2. With a reduction in energy intake (range 3.3–4.2 MJ) for 21 d, there was no change in the levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) of obese subjects, but the free fatty acid levels increased. However, in hyperlipidaemic subjects there was a reduction in levels of TC and TG with no increase in levels of free fatty acids.3. There was a significant increase in the serum ketone levels of obese subjects but not in those of hyperlipidaemic subjects. The reduction of the respiratory quotient to a value of 0.7 was more rapid in the obese than in hyperlipidaemic subjects.4. After administration of a fat load (0.5 g/kg gross body-weight) there was no change in plasma TG levels in obese subjects but there was an increase in those of normal subjects.5. After administration of a glucose load (1 g/kg ideal body-weight) there was a significant reduction in plasma TG levels in obese subjects but no change in those of hyperlipidaemic subjects.6. Hyperlipidaemic subjects eating their normal diet were found to have a hydroxybutyrate: acetoacetate ratio three- to fivefold that of obese and normal subjects.7. These results suggest that obese subjects have an increased ability to store fatty acids, to mobilize them quickly and to generate fatty acid metabolites in the form of ketone bodies, while these same metabolic functions are reduced in hyperlipidaemic subjects.

scholarly journals Microalgae Oil as an Effective Alternative Source of EPA and DHA for Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) Aquaculture

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 971
Author(s):  
Ester Santigosa ◽  
Fabio Brambilla ◽  
Luca Milanese
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Sparus Aurata ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Gilthead Seabream ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Microalgal Oil

Microalgal oils (AOs) emerged recently as an alternative to fish oil and to nutritionally poorer vegetable oils for fish species. In this trial, two experimental diets containing fish oil (negative control: 2.1%; positive control: 13.8%) and two diets incorporating AO at 3.5 and 0.7% were fed to grow out gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) of 64.5 g initial body weight. After 110 days of experimental feeding, performance (final body weight mean = 147 g) and survival (>99%) were similar across treatments. The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) + docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) content in positive control (PC) and 3.5 AO feeds (3.11 and 2.18% of diet, respectively) resulted in the highest EPA + DHA deposition in the fillets (18.40 and 12.36 g/100 g fatty acid, respectively), which entirely reflected the dietary fatty acid profile. Feed and fillets from fish fed the AO diets had lower levels of dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Moreover, sensory quality of AO fillets scored equally to the PC fish. Collectively, these findings offer a more resilient means for sustaining the future growth of seabream aquaculture, whilst maintaining the nutritional value of the resulting seafood. The data supports the addition of seabream to the list of aquaculture species where microalgal oil can be used as an ingredient to fulfil their challenging nutritional demands.

Determining the equivalent phosphorus released by an Escherichia coli-derived phytase in broiler chicks

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 437-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Adedokun ◽  
J. S. Sands ◽  
O. Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Response Variables

Seven-day-old male Ross 308 broiler chicks were used in a 14-d experiment to determine the equivalency value of a new phytase using corn-soybean meal based diets. The experimental diets consisted of positive control (PC) or negative control (NC) diets which were formulated to contain 5.0 or 1.2 g kg-1 non-phytate P, respectively, with a total P of 7.7 or 3.9 g kg-1, respectively; and respective calcium levels of 10.0 or 7.6 g kg-1. The test diets were formulated by the addition of monosodium phosphate (MSP; analyzed to contain 224.0 g kg-1 P) to the NC diet to supply 0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 g of P kg-1 diet, and phytase was added to the NC diet at 500 FTU or 1000 FTU kg-1 at the expense of corn starch. Each diet was randomly assigned to eight cages of four birds each. Body weight gain (BWG) showed both linear and quadratic increase (P < 0.05) with increasing level of dietary P or phytase supplementation (450 to 656 or 603 g, respectively). Feed efficiency (g BWG/g feed intake) increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increase in P or phytase supplementation and quadratic effect to increasing level of phytase (P < 0.05) supplementation (0.699 to 0.793 or 0.758 g, respectively). Percent tibia and toe ash increased linearly (P < 0.05) in response to supplemental P from MSP or phytase supplementation (37.7 and 8 to 47.9 and 10.9 or 45.2 and 10, respectively). Total intestinal tract P and N digestibility increased linearly (P < 0.05) with increasing P supplementation and showed increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05) response to phytase. The response variables, BWG, toe and tibia ash, feed intake and final body weight were used for P equivalency calculation. By solving the equated linear regression equations for the supplemental inorganic P intake and supplemental phytase intake for each of the response variables, between 0.930 and 1.101 g of P was released by 1000 FTU of phytase. The results of this study showed that this phytase was efficacious in hydrolyzing phytate P for bone mineralization and growth of broiler chicks. Key words: Chicks, equivalency value, monosodium phosphate, phosphorus, phytase

scholarly journals Dietary thylakoids reduce visceral fat mass and increase expression of genes involved in intestinal fatty acid oxidation in high-fat fed rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (3) ◽  
pp. R618-R627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva-Lena Stenblom ◽  
Emil Egecioglu ◽  
Caroline Montelius ◽  
Deepti Ramachandran ◽  
Britta Bonn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Fatty Acid Oxidation ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Fat Accumulation

Thylakoids reduce body weight gain and body fat accumulation in rodents. This study investigated whether an enhanced oxidation of dietary fat-derived fatty acids in the intestine contributes to the thylakoid effects. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-fat diet with ( n = 8) or without thylakoids ( n = 8) for 2 wk. Body weight, food intake, and body fat were measured, and intestinal mucosa was collected and analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR was used to measure gene expression levels of key enzymes involved in fatty acid transport, fatty acid oxidation, and ketogenesis. Another set of thylakoid-treated ( n = 10) and control rats ( n = 10) went through indirect calorimetry. In the first experiment, thylakoid-treated rats ( n = 8) accumulated 25% less visceral fat than controls. Furthermore, fatty acid translocase ( Fat/Cd36), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a ( Cpt1a), and mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 ( Hmgcs2) genes were upregulated in the jejunum of the thylakoid-treated group. In the second experiment, thylakoid-treated rats ( n = 10) gained 17.5% less weight compared with controls and their respiratory quotient was lower, 0.86 compared with 0.91. Thylakoid-intake resulted in decreased food intake and did not cause steatorrhea. These results suggest that thylakoids stimulated intestinal fatty acid oxidation and ketogenesis, resulting in an increased ability of the intestine to handle dietary fat. The increased fatty acid oxidation and the resulting reduction in food intake may contribute to the reduced fat accumulation in thylakoid-treated animals.

scholarly journals Flattened circadian glucocorticoid oscillations cause obesity due to increased lipid turnover and lipid uptake

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Tholen ◽  
Kyle M. Kovary ◽  
Atefeh Rabiee ◽  
Ewa Bielczyk-Maczyńska ◽  
Wenting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Lipid Accumulation ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
List Type ◽  
Acid Uptake ◽  
Adipose Tissues ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
White Fat

ABSTRACTChronic stressors flatten circadian glucocorticoid (GC) oscillations, which has been correlated with negative health outcomes including obesity. How such flattened circadian GC oscillations affect metabolism and fat storage remains unknown. Here we investigated the consequences in mice and found that flattening of GC oscillations results not only in body weight gain, mainly due to increases in white fat depot mass, but also leads to hyperinsulinemia and fat accumulation in brown adipose tissue. A transcriptomic analysis of white and brown adipose tissues revealed that flattened GC oscillations cause dysregulated lipid metabolism with a prominent role of the fatty acid transporter Cd36. Indeed, Cd36 knockout mice are partially protected against the adverse effects of flattened GC oscillations including body weight gain and lipid accumulation in the brown and visceral white fat depots. These results provide insights on how conditions associated with flattened GC levels cause obesity.HIGHLIGHTSFlattening of circadian GC oscillations in mice, despite keeping mean circulating GC levels the same, results in body weight gain, lipid accumulation in both brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT), and hyperinsulinemia.Markedly, flattening GC oscillations for short periods of three days is sufficient to increase lipid accumulation and mass in BAT, but longer periods are needed to increase lipid accumulation and mass in WAT.Transcriptomics analysis shows increased expression of a key regulator of fatty acid uptake, CD36, and knockout of CD36 partially protects cells from flattening GC oscillations

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