scholarly journals Coccidiosis Disease in Cattle in Indonesia and Development of Diagnostic Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Fitrine Ekawasti ◽  
April H Wardhana
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
The Government ◽  
Cattle Farms

Coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan of the order Coccidia, the family Eimeriidae of the genus Eimeria which breeds rapidly in the digestive tract and is the most difficult disease to be controlled on cattle farms. Eimeria spp. in cattle can cause high economic losses and increase susceptibility against infectious diseases. Therefore, coccidiosis in cattle needs attention from the government. This paper reviews a number of diagnostic methods that can be used in the detection of Eimeria spp. in cattle based on the goals and objectives of the examination. The coccidiosis cases often do not show any clinical symptoms but can cause sudden death in livestock. The diagnostic method that still used at present is based on its morphology that should not be used in identifying Eimeria species because the morphological characteristics Eimeria spp. have similar shape and size structures between species (resembling morphology). An appropriate diagnostic method for Eimeria is needed in the context of controlling coccidiosis strategically.

scholarly journals Occurrence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province, Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 271-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Heidari ◽  
Z. Sadeghi-Dehkordi ◽  
R. Moayedi ◽  
J. Gharekhani
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Iran ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Hamedan Province ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Eimeria Infection

Information on the occurrence, diversity and economic losses due to Eimeria infection on cattle farms is lacking in Western Iran. The principal aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province, Western Iran. In a cross-sectional study performed from June 2010 to April 2013, 400 faecal samples were collected randomly from animals without clinical signs from different cattle farms of Hamedan province and examined for Eimeria species infection using parasitology methods. The overall infection rate of Eimeria species was 8.25%. Nine species of Eimeria were identified including: E. bovis (23.7%), E. zuernii (19.2%), E. canadensis (12.6%), E. ellipsodalis (11.4%), E. alabamensis (10.4%), E. pellita (9.1%), E. auburnensis (6.8%), E. cylindrica (4.6%) and E. bukidnonensis (2.3%). There were statistically significant differences with respect to Eimeria infection and age group (P < 0.0001, OR = 6), although no statistically significant relationships were found for sex (P = 0.35) or faecal consistency (P = 0.587). In conclusion, this study is the first to report the prevalence and diversity of Eimeria species in cattle in Hamedan province. Infection with pathogenic Eimeria spp. was asymptomatic in all animals; this is the reason for the transmission of infection by carriers in this region. Therefore, integrated strategies should be utilised to prevent and control Eimeria spp. infection on cattle farms.  

scholarly journals Occurrence of poultry coccidiosis in different management systems in Thrissur, Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
Karthika R. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Backyard Poultry ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Poultry Coccidiosis

Coccidiosis is one of the most prevalent and economically important parasitic diseases caused by the infection with Eimeria species contributing to major economic losses of poultry industry worldwide. In this study, occurrence of Eimeria spp. in chicken reared under different management systems was studied. A total of 300 faecal samples from chicken were collected from six organised poultry farms and six backyard poultry units in and around Thrissur, Kerala. Out of this, 167 faecal samples were from organised farms and 133 from backyard poultry units. All the samples were artificially sporulated and examined for studying the oocysts morphology and morphometry. Out of 167 samples from organised farms 52 were found to be positive for Eimeria spp. while 61 out of 133 samples from backyard poultry were positive. The overall occurrence of Eimeria spp. in chicken from 12 different areas in and around Thrissur was 37.66 per cent (113/300). The species of Eimeria identified on morphological examination were E. tenella, E. necatrix and E. maxima. The occurrence rate of E. tenella was found to be significantly higher (46.01 %) compared to E. necatrix (39.82 %) and E. maxima (14.15 %). The rate of occurrence of Eimeria spp. infection was significantly higher in backyard poultry (45.86 %) compared to that in organised farms (31.13 %).

scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors associated with Eimeria species infection in cattle of different geographical regions of Indonesia

2021 ◽  
pp. 2339-2345
Author(s):  
Fitrine Ekawasti ◽  
Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo ◽  
Lintang Winantya Firdausy ◽  
April Hari Wardhana ◽  
Dyah Haryuningtyas Sawitri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Intensive Management ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Intensively Managed

Background and Aim: Eimeria spp. are gastrointestinal protozoans that affect animal productivity, thereby causing symptoms that range from bloody diarrhea to death. These symptoms cause economic losses to farmers. The distribution of Eimeria spp. in cattle has, therefore, been reported to have spread widely, especially in the tropics and subtropics. Indonesia is a tropical country at high risk of Eimeria infections. This study aimed to identify the prevalence and risk factors related to the levels of eimeriosis in beef cattle originating from different geographic areas in Indonesia. Materials and Methods: Here, 817 fecal samples were collected from beef cattle in Indonesia, including 282 calves, 535 adults, 530 males, and 287 females. In addition, 156 semi-intensively and 661 intensively managed cattle were randomly collected. Then, fecal samples were analyzed by parasitology examinations. Results: Screening examination using the sugar flotation modification method showed that Eimeria spp. were prevalent in Indonesia, as 65.4% of the bacterial strain was detected. The prevalence of identified Eimeria spp. in Indonesia was highest in North Maluku (Maluku Island) (94.1%), whereas the lowest levels were observed in West Java (24.0%) (Java Island). The prevalence was also found to be higher in males (79.3%) than females (51.9%). Similarly, levels in semi-intensively managed cattle (66.7%) were higher than those subjected to intensive management (65.9%). However, its prevalence in calf and adult cattle was similar. Conclusion: Bovine eimeriosis spp. were detected at high prevalence in Indonesia, and high-level risks were observed in infected males, including those under the semi-intensive management. In addition, although the results from oocyst examinations were based on qualitative analysis, the endemicity levels of Eimeria spp. among farms in Indonesia should be considered because Eimeria spp. were distributed in most parts of Indonesia. Based on the results of this study, we provide the first information about the prevalence of bovine eimeriosis from different geographical locations in Indonesia, which have differing climates associated with the level of the existing risk factors. Hence, farmers are advised to pay more attention to strict biosecurity techniques on their farms, thereby favoring the early control of bovine eimeriosis.

scholarly journals A Novel Performance Adaptation and Diagnostic Method for Aero-Engines Based on the Aerothermodynamic Inverse Model

Aerospace ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sangwei Lu ◽  
Wenxiang Zhou ◽  
Jinquan Huang ◽  
Feng Lu ◽  
Zhongguang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Response Speed ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Inverse Model ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Convergence Time ◽  
Unbiased Estimation ◽  
Strong Nonlinearity ◽  
Aero Engines

Aero-engines are faced with severe challenges of availability and reliability in the increasing operation, and traditional gas path filtering diagnostic methods have limitations restricted by various factors such as strong nonlinearity of the system and lack of critical sensor information. A method based on the aerothermodynamic inverse model (AIM) is proposed to improve the adaptation accuracy and fault diagnostic dynamic estimation response speed in this paper. Thermodynamic mechanisms are utilized to develop AIM, and scaling factors are designed to be calculated iteratively in the presence of measurement correction. In addition, the proposed method is implemented in combination with compensation of the nonlinear filter for real-time estimation of health parameters under the hypothesis of estimated dimensionality reduction. Simulations involved experimental datasets revealed that the maximum average simulated error decreased from 13.73% to 0.46% through adaptation. It was also shown that the dynamic estimated convergence time of the improved diagnostic method reached 2.183 s decrease averagely without divergence compared to the traditional diagnostic method. This paper demonstrates the proposed method has the capacity to generalize aero-engine adaptation approaches and to achieve unbiased estimation with fast convergence in performance diagnostic techniques.

scholarly journals Eimeria Species and Haemosporidia of Domestic Chickens and Guinea Fowls Sold at Selected Poultry Markets in Lagos, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
Emmanuel T. Idowu ◽  
Oluwayomi O. Adeyemi ◽  
tephen C. Ezenwanne ◽  
Olubunmi A. Otubanjo ◽  
Morakinyo B. Ajayi
Keyword(s):  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Intestinal Contents ◽  
Chicken Breeds ◽  
Live Bird

Introduction: Parasitic diseases are a major setback to sustainable poultry production. This study determined the occurrence of Eimeria species and haemosporidia among domestic chickens and helmeted guinea fowls in live-bird markets in Lagos State, Nigeria. Methods: Blood samples and intestinal contents at three distinct segments of the gut were collected from 60 domestic chickens and guinea fowls each. Wet smears of intestinal contents were microscopically examined for oocysts typical of Eimeria species while thin films of blood were Giemsa-stained for the demonstration of protozoa. Results: Results revealed that 19(31.7%) and 21(35%) chickens and guinea fowls w er e positive for Eimeria spp. infection respectively. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in Eimeria spp. infections between the chicken breeds nor between sexes of both birds. Oocysts of Eimeria were mostly recovered from the caeca and small intestines of the guinea fowls and chickens respectively. Domestic chickens were infected with three different haemoprotozoa: Plasmodium spp. (23.3%), Leucocytozoon spp. (6.7%) and Haemoproteus spp. (3.3%); while Plasmodium spp. (15%) and Haemoproteus spp. (3.3%) were the only blood protozoa infecting guinea fowls. The infection rates of haemosporidia between the breeds of chickens and the sexes of both birds did not differ significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion: Eimeria parasites and haemosporidia are prevalent among chickens and guinea fowls sold in Lagos State. To prevent severe economic losses in the future, appropriate control measures should be designed and implemented.

COVID-19: Our Current Knowledge of Epidemiology, Pathology, Therapeutic Approaches, and Diagnostic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faroogh Marofi ◽  
Ramyar Azizi ◽  
Roza Motavalli ◽  
Ghasem Vahedi ◽  
Maryam Nasimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) firstly emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. After going through the experimental process, the virus was named the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020 which has created a global pandemic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is challenging the people who are especially suffering from chronic health problems such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease or immune system deteriorating disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer's, etc. Other predisposing/risk factors consist of smoking and age (elderly people are at higher risk). The 2019-nCoV attacks epithelial cells in all organs, particularly epithelial cells in the lungs, resulting in viral pneumonia. The 2019-nCoV starts its invasion with the attachment and entry into the respiratory tract epithelial cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the epithelial cells. The critical problem with 2019-nCoV is its ability in human to the human asymptomatic transmission which causes the rapid and hidden spread of the virus among the population. Also, there are several reports of highly variable and tightly case-dependent clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV2, which made the virus more enigmatic. The clinical symptoms are varied from common manifestations which occurred in flu and cold, such as cough, fever, body-ache, trembling, and runny nose to severe conditions, like the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or even uncommon/unusual symptoms such as anosmia, skin color change, and stroke. In fact, besides serious injuries in the respiratory system, COVID-19 invades and damages various organs, including the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and nervous system. Accordingly, to cut the transmission chain of disease and control the infection spread. One of the major solutions seems to be early detection of the carriers, particularly the asymptomatic people with the help of sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques. Moreover, developing novel and appropriate therapeutic approaches will contribute to the suitable management of the pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to make comprehensive investigations and study reviews about COVID-19, offering the latest findings of novel therapies, drugs, epidemiology, and routes of virus transmission and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss new therapeutic outcomes and cover and the most significant aspects of COVID-19, including the epidemiology, biological features, organs failure, and diagnostic techniques.

Prevalence and risk factors associated to Eimeria spp. infection in unweaned alpacas (Vicugna pacos) from Southern Peru

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Díaz ◽  
Rosario Panadero ◽  
Rosalía López ◽  
Aida Cordero ◽  
Ana Pérez-Creo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Eimeria Species ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Herd Prevalence ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Eimeria Infection

AbstractA total of 350 faecal samples from unweaned alpacas over 3 months of age were collected from 23 herds in order to determine the prevalence of Eimeria spp. in Southern Peru and to identify the risk factors associated to Eimeria infection in young alpacas. Samples were examined by a flotation technique and the identification of risk factors was assessed by a logistic regression analysis. Sixty four percent of the examined animals shed Eimeria oocysts; herd prevalence was 96%, with an intra-herd prevalence of 60% (range 5.9-100%). Five different Eimeria species were identified, being E. lamae (91%), E. alpacae (87%) and E. punoensis (78%) the most prevalent; E. macusaniensis (35%) and E. ivitaensis (13%) were less common. Mixed-species infections were more frequent (78%) than single infections (22%). E. lamae was the most common monospecific infection and E. lamae/E. alpacae the most frequent association. The geographical area has a significant effect on Eimeria infection rates (74.9% wet Puna vs 37.4% dry Puna) as well as the breeding system (65.1% traditional vs 63.8% modern). In contrast, the sex of the animals (64.6% males vs 64.0% females) showed no influence on the prevalence of infection by Eimeria. The high prevalence found at both individual and herd level and the common presence of highly pathogenic Eimeria species may lead to important economic losses for alpaca breeders and could require the implementation of suitable control measures.

scholarly journals Metody stosowane do wykrywania i identyfikacji toksyn botulinowych w próbkach klinicznych i żywności*

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 116-130
Author(s):  
Karolina Rudnicka ◽  
Karolina Durka ◽  
Paweł Chwaluk ◽  
Magdalena Chmiela
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Botulinum ◽  
Diagnostic Method ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Laboratory Methods ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Botulinum Neurotoxins ◽  
Foodborne Botulism

Botulism is a severe neuroparalytic illness, which affects the nervous system. It is caused by botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), produced by anaerobic gram-positive bacteria Clostridium botulinum. There are 7 serotypes of BoNT A-G, but BoNT A/B/D/E plays a major role in botulism affecting humans. Foodborne botulism (classic botulism) is the most frequent clinical manifestation occurring after consumption of food containing botulinum neurotoxins. The diagnosis of botulism is based on clinical symptoms; however, recommended and alternative laboratory methods are used to confirm the etiology of symptoms and the identification of BoNT toxin type. The aim of this work was to present the epidemiology of foodborne botulism in Poland and to gather and analyze the available diagnostic methods that allow us to detect BoNT in clinical samples. Using the epidemiological reports of National Institute of Hygiene in Poland and findings presented in the Przegląd Epidemiologiczny, the incidence of classical botulism in Poland has been presented over a period of recent 18 years. Searching for the optimal diagnostic method for BoNT identification in various samples, we have confronted the sensitivity and specificity of recently available alternative methods with classical biological assay.

Forensic research of staff fraud

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 585-600
Author(s):  
V.A. Timchenko
Keyword(s):  
Effective Means ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Structural Units ◽  
Forensic Research ◽  
Economic Information ◽  
Commercial Organizations ◽  
Original Approach

Subject. This article deals with the issues of forensic diagnostics, which is an effective means of detecting, preventing and suppressing staff fraud. Objectives. The article aims to present an original approach to the development of methods of forensic diagnosis of staff fraud based on the modeling method. It is also intended to identify a structure of staff fraud patterns and justify the need to classify the staff fraud methods. Methods. For the study, I used the methods of comparative analysis, systematization, induction, and deduction. Results. The article defines approaches to the formation of diagnostic methods of staff fraud and presents typical inconsistencies that arise in economic information under the influence of fraudulent actions of staff. It describes some diagnostic techniques that can detect staff fraud elements that occur in certain ways of criminal activity. Conclusions and Relevance. The proposed original approach helps develop standard and specific methods for diagnosing staff fraud on a scientific basis. The provisions outlined in the article can serve as a basis for scholarly discussion, contribute to the effectiveness of research on counter-fraud in the field of personnel fraud, and can be applied to the practical activities of structural units and individuals whose task is to combat staff fraud in commercial organizations.

The Undiscovered Potential of Essential Oils for Treating SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (41) ◽  
pp. 5261-5277
Author(s):  
Peter J. Wilkin ◽  
Minnatallah Al-Yozbaki ◽  
Alex George ◽  
Girish K. Gupta ◽  
Cornelia M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
World Health ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
The World

On 11th March 2020, the World Health Organisation (WHO) announced a pandemic caused by a novel beta-coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, designated COVID-19. The virus emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, has spread across the world as a global pandemic. The traditional use of medicines from plants can be traced back to 60,000 years. Global interest in the development of drugs from natural products has increased greatly during the last few decades. Essential oils (EOs) have been studied through the centuries and are known to possess various pharmaceutical properties. In the present review, we have highlighted the current biology, epidemiology, various clinical aspects, different diagnostic techniques, clinical symptoms, and management of COVID-19. An overview of the antiviral action of EOs, along with their proposed mechanism of action and in silico studies conducted, is described. The reported studies of EOs' antiviral activity highlight the baseline data about the additive and/or synergistic effects among primary or secondary phytoconstituents found in individual oils, combinations or blends of oils and between EOs and antiviral drugs. It is hoped that further research will provide better insights into EOs' potential to limit viral infection and aid in providing solutions through natural, therapeutically active agents.

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