scholarly journals Impact of reinforcement on shrinkage in the concrete floors of a residential building

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 317-324
Author(s):  
Wioletta Raczkiewicz ◽  
Artur Wójcicki
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Polypropylene Fibres ◽  
Strain Measurements ◽  
Floor Layer ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In ◽  
Structural Layer

AbstractThe type of floor in a building object results from the serviceability requirements, technical possibilities, and costs of its implementation. Concrete screeds constituting the structural layer of the floor can be made without reinforcement, with dispersed reinforcement, or reinforced with meshes of various materials. Due to the large surface dimensions, concrete screeds are susceptible to scratches as a result of occurring strains, service loads and unevenness of the floor. There are detailed recommendations on how to make floors, and on the materials used. However, the conditions in which floors are made often differ from those recommended. The article presents the results of measured strains on the surfaces of three screeds constituting the floor layer in a residential building. The screeds, which were made in identical environmental conditions, differed in the type of reinforcement used: steel mesh, dispersed polypropylene fibres, fibreglass mesh. In addition, strain measurements were carried out on concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete specimens made of the mix used to make the screeds. The results allowed the assessment of the effectiveness of the reinforcement used, the impact of environmental conditions on the values, and the analysis of differences in the course of strains in real elements and the specimens.

scholarly journals Implementation and usage aspects for floors in the residential houses

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 00085
Author(s):  
Wioletta Raczkiewicz ◽  
Artur Wójcicki
Keyword(s):  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Fibre Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Polypropylene Fibres ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Shrinkage Cracks ◽  
Residential House ◽  
Implementation Method ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Distributed Reinforcement ◽  
Made In

Concrete floors at the building’s rooms are made of concrete, as well as fibre-reinforced concrete, or with the reinforcement meshes of various kinds. On one hand, such aspects have an influence on technical capabilities, as well as cost and labour-consumption when making the floors; on the other hand, they influence operational properties. The floors, as a result of significant dimensions, are particularly vulnerable to cracks, following the overlapping effects of shrinkage and thermal strains, as well as mechanical loads. Detailed design guidelines concerning the implementation method and the recommended materials (application of the respective plasticising admixtures and reinforcement, various kinds of steel meshes or a distributed reinforcement as steel or polypropylene fibres) have been developed, in order to prevent the cases above. It is visible (according to a great deal of experimental research) that the abovementioned guidelines limit the undesired shrinkage effects. Nevertheless, average typical conditions for making the floors very often differ from those in the guidelines, which may lead to the appearance of future shrinkage cracks, irrespectively to the applied reinforcement. The paper presents conclusions from the analysis of research results for three types of concrete ground floors made in the detached residential house, in the same operational conditions, differing with the reinforcement applied. The research was conducted from the moment of implementation and then, during the initial operational period.

scholarly journals USING ADOBE (CLAY SOIL) MIXED WITH QUARTZ (SHARP SAND) TO DETERMINE THE THERMAL COMFORT OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING IN NORTH-MUBI L. G, ADAMAWA STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-281
Author(s):  
S. K Singh ◽  
H. P Wante ◽  
S. M Ngaram
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Energy Materials ◽  
Need For Power ◽  
Hot Arid Climate ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Made In ◽  
Thermal Conductivities

The adobe structure is constructed by using low energy materials like adobe soil and sand etc. Adobe and cob are terms often used to describe sun dried clay materials. Adobe is a Spanish word derived from the Arabic atob, which literally means sun dried bricks.This paper investigated the thermal conductivity of Adobe mixed with Quartz in view of their availability usage as building materials. The thermal conductivities of disc made from Adobe-Quartz chippings were determined, the values obtained were between 0.57Wm-1k-1 and 0.91Wm-1k-1, and these values could be used to identify Adobe-Quartz as one of the engineering materials used in building construction, adopted to reduce the temperature of buildings without the need for power consumption. Consequently, the aim of this study is to test the usefulness of applying selected Adobe-Quartz to improve thermal performance and to reduce energy consumption of residential buildings in hot arid climate setting, Mubi, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Energy reduction was achieved by making the Adobe-Quartz into bricks used as aggregates in walls. Adobe-Quartz was made in disc form of the same thickness and diameter, by proportions of Adobe to Quartz (90:10, 85:15, 80:20), i.e. 10 samples for each ratio. The average values of the thermal conductivities were between 0.07Wm-1k-1 and 0.93Wm-1k-1, the least thermal conductivity value was 0.57Wm-1k-1 for the ratio of (90:10). MATLAB 7.0 and EXCEL software were used in the various computations. An average correlation coefficient, R2 of 0.75 was existed between Adobe-Quartz ratios to thermal conductivities.

Peculiarities of tool material wear at polymeric composite blank cutting

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (7) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Юрий Зубарев ◽  
Yuriy Zubarev ◽  
Александр Приемышев ◽  
Alexsandr Priyomyshev
Keyword(s):  
Tool Wear ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Polymeric Composite ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Tool Materials ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Material Wear

Tool materials used for polymeric composite blank machining, kinds of tool material wear arising at machining these blanks, and also the impact of technological parameters upon tool wear are considered. The obtained results allow estimating the potentialities of physical models at polymeric composite blanks cutting.

Handshake antimicrobial stewardship as a model to recognize and prevent diagnostic errors

Diagnosis ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin B. Searns ◽  
Manon C. Williams ◽  
Christine E. MacBrayne ◽  
Ann L. Wirtz ◽  
Jan E. Leonard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Diagnostic Errors ◽  
Diagnostic Error ◽  
Primary Treatment ◽  
Treatment Team ◽  
Children's Hospital ◽  
Children’S Hospital ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

AbstractObjectivesFew studies describe the impact of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) on recognizing and preventing diagnostic errors. Handshake stewardship (HS-ASP) is a novel ASP model that prospectively reviews hospital-wide antimicrobial usage with recommendations made in person to treatment teams. The purpose of this study was to determine if HS-ASP could identify and intervene on potential diagnostic errors for children hospitalized at a quaternary care children’s hospital.MethodsPreviously self-identified “Great Catch” (GC) interventions by the Children’s Hospital Colorado HS-ASP team from 10/2014 through 5/2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Each GC was categorized based on the types of recommendations from HS-ASP, including if any diagnostic recommendations were made to the treatment team. Each GC was independently scored using the “Safer Dx Instrument” to determine presence of diagnostic error based on a previously determined cut-off score of ≤1.50. Interrater reliability for the instrument was measured using a randomized subset of one third of GCs.ResultsDuring the study period, there were 162 GC interventions. Of these, 65 (40%) included diagnostic recommendations by HS-ASP and 19 (12%) had a Safer Dx Score of ≤1.50, (Κ=0.44; moderate agreement). Of those GCs associated with diagnostic errors, the HS-ASP team made a diagnostic recommendation to the primary treatment team 95% of the time.ConclusionsHandshake stewardship has the potential to identify and intervene on diagnostic errors for hospitalized children.

scholarly journals Morphological Variations of Wild Populations of Brycon dentex (Characidae, Teleostei) in the Guayas Hydrographic Basin (Ecuador). The Impact of Fishing Policies and Environmental Conditions

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1901
Author(s):  
Ana Gonzalez-Martinez ◽  
Carmen De-Pablos-Heredero ◽  
Martin González ◽  
Jorge Rodriguez ◽  
Cecilio Barba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Freshwater Species ◽  
Fishing Pressure ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Morphometric Variation ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Body Development ◽  
The Impact

The Guayas, located in Ecuador, is the largest basin in the Pacific Ocean and has an inventory of 123 native freshwater species. Most of these are endemic species that are threatened or at-risk due to anthropogenic activity and the modification, fragmentation, and destruction of habitats. The aim of this study was to determine the morphometric variation in three wild populations of Brycon dentex in the Guayas basin rivers and their connections to fishing management and environmental conditions. A total of 200 mature fish were captured, and 26 morphometric parameters were measured. The fishing policies (Hypothesis 1) and environmental conditions (Hypothesis 2) were considered fixed factors and were validated by t-tests. The morphological variation among the three populations (Hypothesis 3) was validated through a discriminant analysis. Fishing policies and resource management were found to generate morphological differences associated with body development. In addition, the environmental conditions were found to influence the size and structure of Brycon dentex populations. The analyzed populations were discriminated by the generated morphometric models, which differentiated Cluster 1 (Quevedo and Mocache rivers) with high fishing pressure from Cluster 2 (Pintado river) with medium–low fishing pressure. Morphometric differentiation by discriminant analysis is a direct and economic methodology that can be applied as an indicator of diversity maintenance.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Impact on the Mechanical Properties of Modification of Oligohydroxyethers in Organic Solvent Solution with Rubbers

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Vitalii Bezgin ◽  
Agata Dudek ◽  
Adam Gnatowski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Scientific Paper ◽  
Styrene Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Strength Tests ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Styrene Butadiene ◽  
The Impact

This paper proposes and presents the chemical modification of linear hydroxyethers (LHE) with different molecular weights (380, 640, and 1830 g/mol) with the addition of three types of rubbers (polysulfide rubber (PSR), polychloroprene rubber (PCR), and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)). The main purpose of choosing this type of modification and the materials used was the possibility to use it in industrial settings. The modification process was conducted for a very wide range of modifier additions (rubber) per 100 g LHE. The materials obtained in the study were subjected to strength tests in order to determine the effect of the modification on functional properties. Mechanical properties of the modified materials were improved after the application of the modifier (rubber) to polyhydroxyether (up to certain modifier content). The most favorable changes in the tested materials were registered in the modification of LHE-1830 with PSR. In the case of LHE-380 and LHE-640 modified in cyclohexanol (CH) and chloroform (CF) solutions, an increase in the values of the tested properties was also obtained, but to a lesser extent than for LHE-1830. The largest changes were registered for LHE-1830 with PSR in CH solution: from 12.1 to 15.3 MPa for compressive strength tests, from 0.8 to 1.5 MPa for tensile testing, from 0.8 to 14.7 MPa for shear strength, and from 1% to 6.5% for the maximum elongation. The analysis of the available literature showed that the modification proposed by the authors has not yet been presented in any previous scientific paper.

scholarly journals Optimal Solutions for the Use of Sewage Sludge on Agricultural Lands

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 585
Author(s):  
Catalina Iticescu ◽  
Puiu-Lucian Georgescu ◽  
Maxim Arseni ◽  
Adrian Rosu ◽  
Mihaela Timofti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Optimal Solutions ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The use of sewage sludge in agriculture decreases the pressure on landfills. In Romania, massive investments have been made in wastewater treatment stations, which have resulted in the accumulation of important quantities of sewage sludge. The presence of these sewage sludges coincides with large areas of degraded agricultural land. The aim of the present article is to identify the best technological combinations meant to solve these problems simultaneously. Adapting the quality and parameters of the sludge to the specificity of the land solves the possible compatibility problems, thus reducing the impact on the environment. The physico-chemical characteristics of the fermented sludge were monitored and optimal solutions for their treatment were suggested so as to allow that the sludge could be used in agriculture according to the characteristics of the soils. The content of heavy metals in the sewage sludge was closely monitored because the use of sewage sludge as a fertilizer does not allow for any increases in the concentrations of these in soils. The article identifies those agricultural areas which are suitable for the use of sludge, as well as ways of correcting some parameters (e.g., pH), which allow the improvement of soil quality and obtained higher agricultural production.

scholarly journals Monitoring the Impact of the Large Building Investments on the Neighborhood

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6537
Author(s):  
Marian Łupieżowiec
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Deep Excavation ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Safety Measures ◽  
High Rise ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Large Building ◽  
Additional Safety ◽  
Made In

The article presents the concept of monitoring buildings and infrastructure elements located near large construction investments (the construction of high-rise buildings of the Oak Terraces housing estate in Katowice and the construction of a tunnel under the roundabout in Katowice along the intercity express road DTŚ). The impacts include deep excavation, lowering of the groundwater level over a large area, and dynamic influences related to the use of impact methods of soil improvement. The presented monitoring includes observation of the groundwater level with the use of piezometers, geodetic measurements of settlement and inclinations, as well as the measurement of vibration amplitudes generated during the works involving shocks and vibrations. It was also important to observe the development of cracks on the basis of a previously made inventory of damage. The results of the monitoring allow corrections to be made in the technology of works (e.g., reduction of vibration amplitudes, application of additional protections at excavations, etc.) or the use additional safety measures. Currently, there are also monitoring systems used during the operation of completed facilities.

scholarly journals Influence of Age on the Technical Wear of Tenement Houses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 297
Author(s):  
Jarosław Konior ◽  
Marek Sawicki ◽  
Mariusz Szóstak
Keyword(s):  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Residential Building ◽  
Numerical Approach ◽  
Technical Condition ◽  
Visual Methods ◽  
Secondary Importance ◽  
Building Maintenance ◽  
Technical Maintenance ◽  
Traditional Construction ◽  
The Impact

The research presented in the article, which includes methods, models, and conclusions, contains synthetic and analytical model solutions concerning the problems of the technical maintenance and wear of residential buildings with a traditional construction. The cause and effect relationships between the occurrence of damage in the elements of tenement houses (treated as proof of their maintenance conditions), and the size of the technical wear of these elements were determined using a representative and purposefully selected sample of 102 residential buildings erected during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in Wroclaw’s “Downtown” district. Quantitative damage analysis, which was carried out using empirical (visual) methods of assessing the technical condition of a building, indicates the type and size of damage to the building’s elements that are characteristic for the relevant maintenance conditions. Research concerning the cause–effect relationships (“damage–technical wear”) in observed states allows for a numerical approach to the impact of building maintenance conditions on the degree of the technical wear of its components. The maintenance and exploitation conditions determine the degree of the technical wear of the elements of an old residential building. The exploitation condition of these buildings is manifested by damage to elements caused by water and moisture penetration, which is especially important for poorly maintained buildings. The article shows that the age of the elements of an old residential building with a traditional construction is of secondary importance in the process of the intensity of losing its serviceability value. It was calculated that no more than 30% of the damage of building components is explained by the passage of time, and it is therefore not age that determines the course of the technical wear of the elements of the analyzed tenement houses.

scholarly journals Are Biogenic and Pyrogenic Mesoporous SiO2 Nanoparticles Safe for Normal Cells?

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Solarska-Ściuk ◽  
Kinga Adach ◽  
Sylwia Cyboran-Mikołajczyk ◽  
Dorota Bonarska-Kujawa ◽  
Agnieszka Rusak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Intracellular Ros ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Impact

Silicon dioxide, in the form of nanoparticles, possesses unique physicochemical properties (size, shape, and a large surface to volume ratio). Therefore, it is one of the most promising materials used in biomedicine. In this paper, we compare the biological effects of both mesoporous silica nanoparticles extracted from Urtica dioica L. and pyrogenic material. Both SEM and TEM investigations confirmed the size range of tested nanoparticles was between 6 and 20 nanometers and their amorphous structure. The cytotoxic activity of the compounds and intracellular ROS were determined in relation to cells HMEC-1 and erythrocytes. The cytotoxic effects of SiO2 NPs were determined after exposure to different concentrations and three periods of incubation. The same effects for endothelial cells were tested under the same range of concentrations but after 2 and 24 h of exposure to erythrocytes. The cell viability was measured using spectrophotometric and fluorimetric assays, and the impact of the nanoparticles on the level of intracellular ROS. The obtained results indicated that bioSiO2 NPs, present higher toxicity than pyrogenic NPs and have a higher influence on ROS production. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles show good hemocompatibility but after a 24 h incubation of erythrocytes with silica, the increase in hemolysis process, the decrease in osmotic resistance of red blood cells, and shape of erythrocytes changed were observed.

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