scholarly journals The Influence Of Using Extract Neem Leaf (Azadirachta indica A.juss) Soap In The Scabies lesions grade II Healing

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 140
Author(s):  
Anis Murniati ◽  
Indah Rohmawati
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Neem Leaves ◽  
Grade Ii

Scabies is an infectious skin disease caused by infection with Sarcoptes scabiei mites. Clinical symptoms of itching in the lesions. There are herbal plants, namely the neem plant with the content of mimba leaf extract, giving a very good effect in providing resistance to mites in vitro. Mimba leaf processing can be done to make various products, including soap products. So the researchers wanted to develop the concept and knowledge of the effects of soap made from mimba leaf extract in curing lesions in scabies grade II patients in the female dormitory of Ponpes Pandanaran Ngunut Tulungagung. This study uses the Quasy Experiment design with an experimental design of Non equivalent control group design. The treatment group was divided into two treatment groups, namely the treatment using neem leaf extract soap (Azadirachta indica A. juss) and using antibacterial soap. The sample was determined using purposive sampling according to the inclusion criteria, as many as 70 respondents. The assessment used observation sheets of lesion wounds according to the modified Bates-jensen wound assessment tool. The results of the analysis of 70 respondents obtained the results of independent t-test statistics obtained a significance value of p (value) = 0,000. The use of solid soap mimba leaf extract (Azadirachta indica A. juss) in dealing with scabies with Azadirachtinya content which is able to provide resistance to mites by inhibiting the life cycle (metamorphosis). Keywords: Scabies, neem leaves, lesions, healing

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract on spermatogenic cells of mice (Mus Musculus L.) hyperglycemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-279
Author(s):  
Ida Ayu Manik Damayanti ◽  
Putu Indrayoni ◽  
Ni Wayan Sukma Antari ◽  
Anak Agung Istri Mas Padmiswari
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract on sperm quality of diabetic mice. This research is a pure experimental (true experimental) with a post-test-only control group design approach. This research was conducted by giving Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract as a treatment for 42 days in male mice. Sperm quality parameters observed included viability, abnormalities, motility in sperm. In all variables, the results of the data showing a normal distribution with a p-value > 0.05 were then carried out with a parametric test using one-way ANOVA. Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract can increase the number of spermatogenic cells in male mice with hyperglycemia.

scholarly journals Immunomodulator of Ethanol Extracts of The Leaves Azadirachta indica Against Macrophage Peritoneal Cell in Mice Induced The Vaccine BCG

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Yogi Khoirul Abror ◽  
Evy Diah Woelansari ◽  
Suhariyadi Suhariyadi
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Neem Leaves

This research was conducted to determine the immunomodulatory effect of ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) to the number of peritoneal macrophages in mice wich induced by BCG vaccine. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccine contained an attenuated Mycobacterium bovis. Mycobacterium bovis belongs to the Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex (MTC) group that has a similar phenotype characteristic with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and similar clinical manifestations of tuberculosis.The type of the research that used in this study is laboratory experimental research with Post Test Design Design Only Control Group Design. The research was conducted at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine of Airlangga University in July 2017 using 25 male mice divided into five groups. The dosage of ethanol extract of the neem leaves given was 200 mg / Kg BW with variation for two days, four days, and six days are given.In the result of statistical data analysis using Kruskal-walis test, it is known that the significance value p = 0,03 (p <0,05), that means immunomodulatory of ethanol extract of neem leaves (Azadirachta indica) give an effect to peritoneal macrophage cell number in mice wich induced by BCG vaccine, so that neem leaves ethanol extract can be applied to tuberculosis patients.

scholarly journals PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK DAUN KATUK TERHADAP KELANCARAN ASI PADA IBU MENYUSUI

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-273
Author(s):  
Rosdianah Rosdianah ◽  
Irmawati S
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Nursing Mothers ◽  
Equivalent Control

GIVING KATUK LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST THE SMOOTHNESS OF BREAST MILK IN NURSING MOTHERS Background: Exclusive breast milk coverage in Indonesia is only 38%, has not reached the expected figure of 80%. The low coverage of Exclusive breast milk is influenced by the cessation of breastfeeding for infants due to the lack of breast milk production. One of the efforts that can be done to launch the production of breast milk is by consuming katuk leaf extract.Purpose: Knowing the effect of katuk leaf extract on the smoothness of breast milk in nursing mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months in the Working Area of the Kassi-Kassi Health Center in Makassar City in 2020.Methods: This type of research uses Quasi-experiments with the design of Non-Equivalent Control Group Design. The number of samples of 30 people divided into two groups, namely control and intervention, based on inclusion and exclusion criteria that have been determined. The intervention group was given katuk leaf extract at a dose of 2x200 mg for 15 days and will be seen the effect on day 15 while the control group is not given intervention. Data analysis used in research is univariate analysis with independent t-test.Result: Based on independent sample t-test results, obtained p-value 0.009<α (0.05), then H0 rejected and Ha received. This indicates that katuk leaf extract has an influence on the production of breast milk.Conclusion: There is an effect of katuk leaf extract on the smoothness of breast milk in mothers who have babies aged 0-6 months. So that katuk leaf extract can be recommended for mothers who have problems in breastfeeding. In the selection of safe katuk leaf extract should pay attention to the side effects of the drug and have permission from the Food and Drug Administration (BPOM).Suggestion It is hoped that health workers will conduct socialization in the community about the effectiveness of katuk leaf simplicia on breast milk production in infants. Health workers need to monitor the accuracy of the dose / dose, the timeliness of use, the accuracy of how to use it, and the accuracy of choosing ingredients correctly. So as to produce traditional medicine in the form of katuk leaf simplicia. Keywords: Katuk Leaf Extract, Breastfeeding Mother, Smooth breast milk ABSTRAK Latar Belakang: Cakupan ASI Eksklusif di Indonesia hanya sebesar 38%, belum mencapai angka yang diharapkan yaitu 80%. Rendahnya cakupan ASI Eksklusif dipengaruhi oleh adanya penghentian pemberian ASI bagi bayi dengan alasan karena produksi ASI yang masih kurang. Salah satu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk melancarkan produksi ASI yaitu dengan mengkonsumsi ekstrak daun katuk.Tujaun: Mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun katuk terhadap kelancaran ASI pada ibu menyusui yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kassi-Kassi Kota Makassar Tahun 2020.Metode: Jenis penelitian menggunakan Quasi eksperimen dengan rancangan Non Equivalent Control Group Design. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 orang yang dibagi dalam 2 kelompok yaitu control dan intervensi berdasarkan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah ditetapkan. Kelompok intervensi diberikan ekstrak daun katuk dengan dosis 2x200 mg selama 15 hari dan akan dilihat efek pada hari ke 15 sedangkan untuk kelompok control tidak diberikan intervensi. Analisis data yaitu analisis univariat menggunakan uji independent t-test.Hasil: Berdasarkan hasil uji independent sample t test didapatkan nilai p-value 0,009<α (0,05), maka H0 ditolak dan Ha diterima. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak daun katuk memberikan pengaruh terhadap pengeluaran Air Susu Ibu.Simpulan: Ada pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun katuk terhadap kelancaran ASI pada ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-6 bulan. Sehingga ekstrak daun katuk dapat direkomendasikan bagi ibu yang memiliki kendala dalam menyusui. Dalam pemilihan ekstrak daun katuk yang aman harus memperhatikan efek samping dari obat dan telah memiliki ijin dari Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM).Saran Diharapkan kepada petugas kesehatan agar melakukan sosialisasi di masyarakat tentang efektifitas simplisia daun katuk terhadap produksi ASI pada bayi. Tenaga kesehatan perlu mengawasi ketepatan takaran/dosis, ketepatan waktu penggunaan, ketepatan cara penggunaan, dan ketepatan pemilihan bahan secara benar. Sehingga menghasilkan obat tradisional berupa simplisia daun katuk. Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Daun Katuk, Ibu Menyusui, Kelancaran ASI

scholarly journals PENGARUH SHAKER EXERCISE TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MENELAN PADA PASIEN STROKE DENGAN DISFAGIA DI RUMAH SAKIT KOTA MEDAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Yusrial Tarihoran
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Nursing Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Consecutive Sampling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Shaker Exercise

Stroke adalah kumpulan gejala klinis akibat hilangnya fungsi otak sebagian atau keseluruhan. Salah satu penyebab kematian pasien stroke adalah aspirasi pneumonia yang berhubungan dengan disfagia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pengaruh shaker exercise terhadap kemampuan menelan pada pasien stroke dengan disfagia di Rumah Sakit Kota Medan. Desain penelitian ini adalah quasy eksperiment, khususnya pretest-posttest design withtout control. Pengambilan sampel dengan metode consecutive sampling. Sampel berjumlah 24 orang, kelompok intervensi ini diberikan shaker exercise selama 6 hari berturut-turut dan dilakuan tiga kali sehari. Hasil penelitian dinyatakan ada perbedaan yang signifikan kemampuan menelan pada pasien stroke dengan disfagia setelah diberikan shaker exercise, dengan p value 0,000 (α =0,05). Manfaat penelitian ini nantinya dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu intervensi mandiri keperawatan dalam menangani pasien stroke dengan disfagia sehingga meningkatkan mutu asuhan keperawatan, mempercepat penyembuhan, serta mencegah komplikasi.   Stroke is a group of clinical symptoms due to partial or complete brain function loss. One of the causes of death of stroke patients is the aspiration of pneumonia associated with dysphagia. This study aims to identify the effect of shaker exercise on swallowing ability in stroke patients with dysphagia at Rumah Sakit Kota Medan. This research used Quasy experimental with pretest-posttest without control group design. As samples, there were 24 respondents for intervention group with consecutive sampling method. The intervention group was given shaker exercise for 3 times a day and it was done continued for 6 days. The results revealed that there was a significant difference in swallowing ability in stroke patients with dysphagia after being given shaker exercise, with p value 0,000 (α = 0.05). The research can be used as a nursing intervention in stroke patients with dysphagia that improve the quality of nursing care, promote healing, and prevent complications.

Efektivitas Lidah Buaya (Aloe Vera) Dan Daunsirih (Piper Betle Linn) Terhadap Kesembuhan Luka Bakar Derajat Ii Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus Norvegicus Strain Wistar) Di Peternakan Tikus Sidomulyo Kediri

1970 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Putri Kristyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Burn Injury ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Grade Ii

Background: Second grade burn injuryis burns which includes the destruction of epidermis and upper layers of the dermis and injury in the deeper dermis. Smear use aloe vera and betel leafs, it is an non-pharmacological methods that can accelerate the burn injury healing. Objectives: Determine the effectiveness of aloe vera and betel leafs to the healing of grade II burn injury on white rat in Kediri Sidomulyo livestock. Methods: This research uses a True Experimental, with post test only control group design. The sample in this study were 18 male rats, selected using Sample Random Sampling. Theburns injury made by inducing an iron plate (1x1 cm2) that already heated with boiling water for 5 minutes then stick it on the backs of rat for 30 seconds (area of ​​the epidermis). Data collected using observation sheet, ofusing burn injury woundcare observational sheet. Results: Using ANOVA The results of this study showed that the p value = 0.000, which means that H1 is accepted. Conclusions and Suggestion: There are differences in healing burns secondgrade by using a smear of betel leaf and aloe vera on white rats. This study can be recommended as the development of science in medical-surgical nursing for wound care is more effective and faster in accelerating the healing of burn injury.;Key Words :Grade II Of Burn Injury, Aloe Vera, Betel Leafs, White Rats

scholarly journals EFIKASI EKSTRAK DAUN ZODIA (Evodia suaveolens) PELARUT HEKSANA DALAM MEMATIKAN LARVA INSTAR III Aedes aegypti

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Didi Setiyadi ◽  
Martini Martini ◽  
Mochamad Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test

DHF is a disease caused by a virus which is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito and is one of the health problems in Indonesia. Efforts to decide the transmission of DHF by controlling the population of Aedes aegypti at the larval stage using larvaside temepos. Long-term use of temephos causes Aedes aegypti resistance and environmental damage. One of the plants that has the potential as botanical larvaside is the leaves of zodia (Evodia suaveolens). The purpose of this study was to prove the efficacy of zodia leaves of hexane solvent for killing A. aegypti larvae. This type of research is a pure experiment with the post test only control group design. The research sample is A. aegypti stage III susceptible strain. There are 7 groups consisting of 1 negative control (aquades), positive control (1 ppm temepos) and 5 treatment groups (zodia leaf extract). Data on larval mortality were counted 24 hours after treatment. The results of the one way ANOVA test showed that there were differences in mortality between test groups with a p value: 0.001 α (0.05). Zodia leaf extract probit test results showed LC50-24 hour and LC90-24 hour values of 0,443 ppm and 0,788 ppm. Zodia leaf extract with hexane solvent has efficacy as Aedes aegypti larvicide.

SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE SYSTEM DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMANDIRIAN MERAWAT KAKI PADA PASIEN DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE II

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-72
Author(s):  
Nova Nurwinda Sari ◽  
Herlina Herlina
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Foot Care ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus dapat menyebabkan cukup banyak komplikasi seperti kelainan mata, kelainan ginjal, kelainan pembuluh darah dan kelainan pada kaki. Penderita diabetes mellitus yang mengalami komplikasi kronis perlu diberikan upaya preventif untuk mencegah komplikasi, salah satunya adalah kemampuan perawatan kaki. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas supportive educative system dalam meningkatkan kemandirian perawatan kaki pada pasien dengan diabetes mellitus Tipe II di Puskesmas Permata Sukarame, Bandar Lampung. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasy eksperimen dengan desain pretest-posttest with control group dengan total masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 18 responden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi penelitian. Penelitian ini diuji menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan uji T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan rata-rata dalam kemandirian perawatan kaki pada kelompok intervensi dan kelompok kontrol dengan p-value 0,000. Pendidikan dan praktik perawatan kaki harus diberikan sejak dini sebagai upaya pencegahan untuk komplikasi.   Kata kunci : Supportive educative system, kemandirian perawatan kaki   SUPPORTIVE EDUCATIVE SYSTEM IN IMPROVING INDEPENDENCE OF FOOT CARE IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE II   ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus can cause quite a lot of complications such as eye disorders, kidney disorders, vascular disorders and abnormalities in the legs. Patients with diabetes mellitus who have chronic complications need to be given a preventive effort to prevent complications, one of which is foot care ability. This research was conducted to examine the effectiveness of supportive educative systems in increasing the independence of foot care in patients with Type II diabetes mellitus in the Permata Sukarame Health Center Bandar Lampung Working Area. This study used a quasi-experimental method with pretest-posttest with control group design with a total of 18 respondents each. Data collection is done by distributing questionnaires to respondents who meet the research inclusion criteria. This study was tested using univariate, bivariate, T-Test analysis. The results showed that the mean differences in the independence of foot care in the intervention group and the control group in the Permata Sukarame Community Health Center work area with a p-value of 0,000. Education and practice of foot care should be given early as a preventative effort for complications.   Keywords: Supportive educative system, independence of foot care

PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN DAN KREATIVITAS MATEMATIS SISWA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MODEL PENCAPAIAN KONSEP

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Adi Suarman Situmorang
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Test Control

Abstract Tujuan penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan kemampuan kreativitas matematika siswa yang diajar dengan model pencapaian konsep lebih tinggi dari siswa yang diajar dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Mengetahui interaksi antara model pembelajaran pencapaian konsep dengan tingkat kemampuan matematika siswa terhadap peningkatan kemampuan kreativitas matematika siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMA Negeri 5 Medan dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 80 siswa dari 364 siswa SMA kelas X melalui teknik random sampling, Penelitian ini merupakan suatu studi eksperimen dengan desain penelitian pre-test-post-test control group design. Data diperoleh melalui nilai semester untuk kemampuan awal matematis (KAM), tes kemampuan pemahaman matematis, tes kemampuan kreativitas matematis. Data dianalisis dengan uji ANAVA dua jalur. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tes kemampuan kreativitas eksperimen dan kontrol adalah 13,3 dan 7,58 dengan p-value (2-tailed) adalah 0, dengan 0 < α = 0,05 maka terdapat perbedaan kemampuan kreativitas matematik siswa yang diajarkan dengan Model Pencapaian Konsep (MPK) dan Pendekatan Pembelajaran Konvensional, nilai signifikan sebesar 0,732, karena 0,732 > 0,05 maka tidak ada interaksi antara pendekatan pembelajaran dengan kemampuan awal siswa terhadap perbedaan kemampuan kreativitas matematik siswa. .

Pengaruh Pembelajaran Berbasis Masalah Terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis Siswa Pada Materi Gerak di Kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Sigi

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 16
Author(s):  
Sayid Ali Rahmat ◽  
Marungkil Pasaribu ◽  
I Wayan Darmadi
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Group Design

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh model pembelajaran berbasis masalah   terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa   pada materi gerak di kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Sigi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan nonequivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Sigi. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan sampel penelitian adalah kelas Xa sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas Xb sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes kemampuan berpikir kritis serta lembar observasi yang telah divalidasi oleh validator dan telah diuji coba lapangan. Analisis data yang digunakan statistik inferensial yaitu uji normalitas, homogenitas, uji hipotesis (uji t 2 pihak).  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan analisa data hasil penelitian, diperoleh nilai keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa  pada pretest untuk kelas eksperimen yaitu 21.32, dan untuk kelas kontrol yaitu 20.29 sedangkan untuk standar deviasinya masing – masing 6.89 dan 8.87. Untuk posttest nilai rata – rata kelas eksperimen 53.24 dan untuk kelas kontrol 42.79 sedangkan untuk standar deviasinya masing – masing 16.87 dan 17.33. Nilai P-value hasil uji hipotesis diperoleh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan nilai α atau 0,014 < 0,05 serta nilai t hitung > t tabel atau 2,51 > 1,66 sehingga H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Hasil ini menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan  model pembelajaran berbasis masalah terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis siswa pada materi gerak di kelas X SMA Negeri 6 Sigi.   Kata Kunci: pembelajaran berbasis masalah, keterampilan berpikir kritis

scholarly journals Integrating Peer Learning Activities and Problem-Based Learning in Clinical Nursing Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 237796082110002
Author(s):  
Suci Tuty Putri ◽  
Sri Sumartini
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Education ◽  
Problem Based Learning ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Peer Learning ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Clinical Learning ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Learning Achievement

Introduction The implementation of nursing clinical learning in Indonesia has several challenges that require innovation in the learning method strategy. The method that has been used so far focuses on the hierarchical relationship between lecturers/preceptors and students, so that there are many shortcomings in learning outcomes. The application of the method of active learning with Peer Learning (PL) and Problem Based Learning (PBL) techniques has proven effective in classroom learning, but its rarely found in clinical learning. Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the PL and PBL towards the achievement of clinical learning in nursing students. Methods The research method used a true experiment with a posttest only control group design, the sampling technique was taken by randomize control trial. An instrument for clinical learning achievement using AssCE. Results The analysis was carried out as descriptive and bivariate. The results showed the mean in the experimental group was 7.059 and the control group was 6.325. Further statistical test results were obtained p-value = 0.001 (p < 0.05) which showed that the average score there were differences in clinical learning achievement development scores. Conclusion Clinical learning using peer learning and PBL methods can directly improve various aspects of student competency achievement.

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