Variation of Driving Skill among Elderly Drivers Compared to Young Drivers in Japan

This study analyzed driving skill among Japanese elderly drivers comparedto young drivers and see which less skilled that might impact road accident risk in highway. Subjects included young and elderly drivers, consisting of 10 college students (20 – 24 years old) and 25 elderly drivers (14 men and 11 women) coming from The Silver Manpower Centre, an organization for elderly > 60 years. Elderly drivers were divided into two age groups, namely elderly 1 aged 60 – 65 years (10 persons) and elderly 2 aged > 65 years (15 persons). Driving performance was evaluated by using driving game simulator in laboratory. Analysis was conducted on consistency in the lane, lane-changing skill, traffic sign compliance, right-turning skill, braking and driving speed. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test. Generally, performance of elderly 2 was lower than the young almost in all parameters including consistency in the lane (p value < 0.007), traffic sign compliance (p value < 0.011), right-turning skill (p value < 0.001) and braking (p value < 0.001). In the lane-changing skill, young drivers showed significantly higher score (p value < 0.007) than both elderly groups in which elderly 1 (p value < 0.004); elderly 2 (p value < 0.001). The group > 65 years old were likely to be wrong on seeing traffic signs due to visual limitation and long response of compliance.AbstrakPenelitian ini menganalisis kemampuan mengemudi pada pengemudi lanjut usia (lansia) dibandingkan dengan usia muda di Jepang dan melihat keterampilan mengemudi yang kurang sehingga dapat memengaruhi risiko kecelakaan di jalan raya. Subjek penelitian adalah pengemudi usia muda dan lansia, terdiri dari 10 mahasiswa (20 - 24 tahun) dan 25 pengemudi lansia (14 laki-laki dan 11 perempuan) berasal dari The Silver Menpower Center, organisasi bagi lansia > 60 tahun. Pengemudi lansia dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu lansia 1 berusia 60 - 65 tahun (10 orang) dan lansia 2 berusia > 65 tahun (15 orang). Kemampuan mengemudi dievaluasi dengan simulator permainan mengemudi dalam laboratorium. Analisis dilakukan pada konsistensi dalam jalur, perubahan jalur, kepatuhan pada rambu lalu lintas, kemampuan berbalik kanan, mengerem/akselerasi, dan kecepatan mengemudi. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji ANOVA. Secara umum, kemampuan pengemudi lansia 2 lebih rendah dibandingkan usia muda hampir di semua parameter, meliputi kekonsistenan dalam jalur (nilai p < 0,007), kepatuhan pada rambu lalu lintas (nilai p < 0,011), kemampuan berbalik kanan (nilai p < 0,001), dan keterampilan mengerem/akselerasi (nilai p < 0,001). Dalam keterampilan mengubah jalur, pengemudi usia muda menunjukkan skor signifikan (nilai p < 0,007) lebih tinggi dari kedua kelompok pengemudi lansia dimana lansia 1 (nilai p < 0,004); lansia 2 (nilai p < 0,001). Pengemudi > 65 tahun cenderung salah dalam melihat rambu lalu lintas karena terbatasnya penglihatan dan lamanya respons dalam mematuhinya.

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Age-Related Effects of Executive Function on Takeover Performance: A Simulator Study in Automated Driving

10.21203/rs.3.rs-936603/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Qijia Peng ◽

Yanbin Wu ◽

Nan Qie ◽

Sunao Iwaki

Keyword(s):

Executive Function ◽

Executive Functions ◽

Age Groups ◽

Principal Component ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Steering Wheel ◽

Automated Driving ◽

Lane Changing ◽

Elderly Drivers ◽

Age Related

Abstract The development of highly automated vehicles (HAV) can meet elderly drivers’ mobility needs; however, worse driving performance after a takeover request (TOR) is frequently found, especially regarding non-driving related tasks (NDRTs). This study aims to detect the correlation between takeover performance and underlying cognitive factors comprising a set of higher order cognitive processes including executive functions. Thirty-five young and 35 elderly participants were tested by computerized cognitive tasks and simulated driving tasks to evaluate their executive functions and takeover performance. Performance of n-back tasks, Simon tasks, and task switching were used to generate updating, inhibition, and shifting components of executive functions by principal component analysis. The performance of lane changing after TOR was measured using the standard deviation of the steering wheel angle and minimum time-to-collision (TTC). Differences between age groups and NDRT engagement were assessed by two-way mixed analysis of variance.Older participants had significantly lower executive function ability and were less stable and more conservative when engaged in NDRT. Furthermore, a significant correlation between executive function and lateral driving stability was found. These findings highlight the interaction between age-related differences in executive functions and takeover performance; thus, provide implications for designing driver screening tests or human-machine interfaces.

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Young drivers’ optimism bias for accident risk and driving skill: Accountability and insight experience manipulations

Accident Analysis & Prevention ◽

10.1016/j.aap.2011.01.013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 43 (4) ◽

pp. 1309-1315 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

Melanie J. White ◽

Lauren C. Cunningham ◽

Kirsteen Titchener

Keyword(s):

Accident Risk ◽

Optimism Bias ◽

Young Drivers ◽

Driving Skill

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The Prevalence of Insecticide Treated Net/malaria :cross section study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.16825 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Chanda Chalela

Keyword(s):

Study Design ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Malaria Prevalence ◽

Malaria Patient ◽

P Value ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Itn Use ◽

Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 OBJECTIVE Prevalence of ITN in BUchi METHODS Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. RESULTS ABSTRACT Introduction a study on prevalence of ITN use was carried out in Buchi community Kitwe Zambia from August to October 2019 Methodology: This was a cross sectional study design. A structured questionnaire was used to ascertain ownership and utilization and oral interviews, 200 households were targeted 844 individual covered across the 200 households. Data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Findings: household ownership of at least an ITN was 52% and individual utilization at 37.6%, with 0.825 ITN/households and 0.195ITN /individual. Malaria prevalence of 52.4% /household and a 12.4% of the population. With 47.6% malaria patient coming from households with ITN and 60% of households with ITN have insufficient coverage.61% of malaria patient were female and 31 % male. however there was no significant relation between Gender and malaria prevalence in study area (p value was >0.05). Malaria cases distribution with age groups, 0-15yrs old represented 49.5%, 16-30 yrs., was at 27.6% and the over 30 yrs. case were at 22.9% .use of other preventive measures 23% used mosquito repellent ,others methods 1% with those not using any other methods 76%. CONCLUSIONS Conclusion The study showed clearly that malaria still poses a problem .the prevalence rate of malaria was still high 12.4% of the population and 52.4% of households. With high prevalence of malaria of 49.5% for 0-15yrs.the difference between ownership 52% and Utilization 37.6% showed that even household with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient.60% of households with ITN, the ITN were not sufficient for all occupants

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Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in hospitalized patients at a tertiary referral center in North India (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.23937 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Animesh Ray ◽

Dr. Komal Singh ◽

Souvick Chattopadhyay ◽

Farha Mehdi ◽

Dr. Gaurav Batra ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

North India ◽

P Value ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Igg Antibodies ◽

Igg Antibody ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Significant Difference

BACKGROUND Seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is an important tool to estimate the true extent of infection in a population. However, seroprevalence studies have been scarce in South East Asia including India, which, as of now, carries the third largest burden of confirmed cases in the world. The present study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody among hospitalized patients at one of the largest government hospital in India OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to estimate the seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibody among patients admitted to the Medicine ward and ICU METHODS This cross-sectional study, conducted at a tertiary care hospital in North India, recruited consecutive patients who were negative for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR or CB-NAAT. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels targeting recombinant spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein of SARS CoV-2 were estimated in serum sample by the ELISA method RESULTS A total of 212 hospitalized patients were recruited in the study with mean age (±SD) of 41.2 (±15.4) years and 55% male population. Positive serology against SARS CoV-2 was detected in 19.8%patients(95% CI 14.7-25.8). Residency in Delhi conferred a higher frequency of seropositivity 26.5% (95% CI 19.3-34.7) as compared to that of other states 8% (95% CI 3.0-16.4) with p-value 0.001. No particular age groups or socio-economic strata showed a higher proportion of seropositivity CONCLUSIONS Around, one-fifth of hospitalized patients, who were not diagnosed with COVID-19 before, demonstrated seropositivity against SARS-CoV-2. While there was no significant difference in the different age groups and socio-economic classes; residence in Delhi was associated with increased risk (relative risk of 3.62, 95% CI 1.59-8.21)

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Trends of Stomach Cancer in Central Serbia

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57070665 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (7) ◽

pp. 665

Author(s):

Miodrag M. Stojanovic ◽

Natasa K. Rancic ◽

Marija R. Andjelkovic Apostolovic ◽

Aleksandra M. Ignjatovic ◽

Mirko V. Ilic

Keyword(s):

Stomach Cancer ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Age Groups ◽

Optimal Number ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Joinpoint Regression ◽

Mortality Trends ◽

Incidence Trend ◽

Incidence And Mortality

Somach cancer is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The objective of the paper was to analyze the incidence and mortality trends of stomach cancer in Central Serbia in the period between 1999–2017. Materials and Methods: trends and annual percentage change (APC) of the incidence and mortality rate with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated by joinpoint regression analyses. The optimal number of Joinpoints was identified using the Monte Carlo permutation method. The trend was considered to be significantly increasing (positive change) or decreasing (negative change) when the p-value was below 0.05 (p < 0.05). Results: the total number of new cases was 16,914 (10,873 males and 6041 females) and the total number of mortality cases was 14,790 (9348 in and 5442 in females). Almost one third (30.8%) of new cases were registered in the 60–69-year age group, and new cases were significantly more frequent in males than in females (30.8% vs. 29.02%, p < 0.001). Joinpoint regression analysis showed a significant decrease of incidence trend in females during the 2000–2015 period with APC of −2.13% (95% CI: −3.8 to −0.5, p < 0.001). An insignificant decrease in incidence trend was in males with APC of −0.72% (95% CI: −2.3 to 0.9, p = 0.30). According to the joinpoint analysis, a significant decrease of mortality trends both in males during 2000–2015 with APC of −2.21% (95% CI: −1.6 to −7.5, p ≤ 0.001 and in females, during the same period, with APC of −1.75% (95% CI: −2.9 to −0.6, p < 0.001) was registered. From 2015 to 2017, a significant increase of mortality was registered with APC of 44.5% (95% CI: from 24.2 to −68.1, p ≤ 0.001) in females and in males with APC of 53.15% (95% CI: 13.5 to −106.6, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion: a significant decrease of stomach cancer incidence trend in females and insignificant decrease of incidence trend in males were determined in Central Serbia. Based on presented results, the mortality trend decreased significantly both in males and in females during 2000–2015, and from 2015 to 2017 we recorded a significant increase in mortality in both sexes. We found significantly more new cases in women than in men in the age group of 40–49, and the mortality of stomach cancer was significantly more frequent among females compared to males in the age groups 30–39, as well as in the 50–59 age group. There is a need for improving recording and registration of new cases of stomach cancer, especially in females. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed—introducing stomach cancer screening and early detection of premalignant changes. Urgent primary and secondary preventive measures are needed.

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Case Study of Pediatric Cerebral Sinus Venous Thrombosis Center of a Low Middle-Income Country

Clinical and Applied Thrombosis/Hemostasis ◽

10.1177/10760296211022847 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

pp. 107602962110228

Author(s):

Bushra Moiz ◽

Ronika Devi Ukrani ◽

Aiman Arif ◽

Inaara Akbar ◽

Muhammed Wahhaab Sadiq ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sinus Thrombosis ◽

Care Center ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Activated Protein C ◽

Positive Association ◽

Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis ◽

P Value ◽

Middle Income ◽

Duration Of Symptoms

Pediatric cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is rare but a potentially fatal disease requiring its understanding in local setting. In this study, we observed the clinical course, management, and outcome of pediatric patients with sinus thrombosis in a tertiary care center at Pakistan. Patients between age 0 to 18 years of both genders diagnosed with sinus thrombosis during 2011 to 2020 were included. Data was collected through in-house computerized system and SPSS version 19 was used for analysis. Of 143492 pediatric admissions, 32 (21 males and 11 females) patients with a median (IQR) age of 4.5 years (0-16) had CVST. This is equivalent to 18.5 CVST events per million pediatric admissions. Adolescents were mostly affected, and the overall mortality was 7%. Primary underlying disorders were infections (59%), hematological neoplasms (12.5%), thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (3%) and antiphospholipid syndrome (3%). Activated protein C resistance (44%) was the most common inherited thrombophilia. Twenty-one (66%) patients were anemic with a mean (±SD) hemoglobin of 9.0 g/dL (±2.3). Regression analysis showed a positive association of anemia with multiple sinus involvement ( P-value 0.009) but not with duration of symptoms ( P-value 0.344), hospital stay ( P-value 0.466), age ( P-value 0.863) or gender ( P-value 0.542) of the patients. SARS-COV2 was negative in patients during 2020. Adolescents were primarily affected by sinus thrombosis and infections was the predominant risk factor for all age groups, with a low all-cause mortality. A high index of clinical suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and intervention.

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Comparison of Human Thymus Gland between Young and Old Age

10.53350/pjmhs211561907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 1907-1909

Author(s):

Faiza Mehboob ◽

Ponum Mirani ◽

M. Kamran Ameer ◽

Khurram Shabeer ◽

Muhammad Ali Qamar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Connective Tissue ◽

Old Age ◽

Age Groups ◽

Young Age ◽

University Hospital ◽

P Value ◽

Old Patients ◽

Human Thymus ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Aim: Study was conducted to examine the different parameters of human thymus glands of young and old patients and compare the findings between both age groups. Study Design: Comparative/observational study Place and Study: Study was conducted at Anatomy department of Nishtar Medical University Hospital, Multan for duration of six months from 15th January 2020 to 15th July 2020. Methods: Total 54 specimens of human thymus of 54 patients were enrolled in this study. All specimens were divided in to two groups I and II, Group I contains 27 patients with ages <30 years and group II with 27 patients having ages 45 to 60 years. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin solution and then processed for paraffin embedding. Compare the different parameters such as thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, length and number of Hassal’s corpuscles between both groups. Data was analyzed by SPSS 24.0. Results: In group I 12 (44.44%) patients were ages <15 years and 15 (55.56%) patients were ages >15 years. In group 13 (48.15%) and 14 (51.85%) patients were ages <50 years and >50 years. There was a significant difference observed between both groups regarding thickness of interlobular connective tissue and thymic capsule, quantity and length of Hassal’s corpuscles with p-value <0.05. Conclusion: It is to be concluded that patients with young age had significantly less thickness of thymic capsule and interlobular connective tissue with more in number and decreasing size of Hassal’s corpuscles as compared to old age patients. Keywords: Human Thymus Glands, Young Age, Old Age

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Healthy aging profile in octogenarians in Brazil

Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem ◽

10.1590/1518-8345.0694.2724 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (0) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ana Cristina Viana Campos ◽

Efigênia Ferreira e Ferreira ◽

Andréa Maria Duarte Vargas ◽

Lúcia Hisako Takase Gonçalves

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Decision Tree ◽

Healthy Aging ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Based ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Monthly Income ◽

Tree Model ◽

Socioeconomic Characteristics

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the healthy aging profile in octogenarians in Brazil. Method: this population-based epidemiological study was conducted using household interviews of 335 octogenarians in a Brazilian municipality. The decision-tree model was used to assess the healthy aging profile in relation to the socioeconomic characteristics evaluated at baseline. All of the tests used a p-value < 0.05. Results: the majority of the 335 participating older adults were women (62.1%), were aged between 80 and 84 years (50.4%), were widowed (53.4%), were illiterate (59.1%), had a monthly income of less than one minimum wage (59.1%), were retired (85.7%), lived with their spouse (63.8%), did not have a caregiver (60.3%), had two or more children (82.7%), and had two or more grandchildren (78.8%). The results indicate three age groups with a healthier aging profile: older adults aged 80 to 84 years (55.6%), older adults aged 85 years and older who are married (64.9%), and older adults aged 85 and older who do not have a partner or a caregiver (54.2%). Conclusion: the healthy aging profile of octogenarians can be explained by age group, marital status, and the presence of a caregiver.

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Risk Factors Associated with Ischemic Heart Diseases in Different Age Groups Patients of Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar

Journal of Gandhara Medical and Dental Science ◽

10.37762/jgmds.1-2.64 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 3-9

Author(s):

Riaz Gul ◽

Sumaira Naz

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Ischemic Heart ◽

P Value ◽

Age Group ◽

Ischemic Heart Diseases ◽

Sedentary Life ◽

Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objectives:To determine different risk factors associated with ischemic heart diseases in different age group patients of tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.Methodology:A cross sectional study conducted on 350 patients of different age groups presented with ischemic heart diseases in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar. Study was conducted for duration of 3 months from December 2013 to February 2014. Non probability convenient sampling technique was used. Sample size was calculated using standard sample size calculator. Semi structured questionnaire was used as data collection tool. Patient’s record and investigations were used as adding tools. Standard definition was made for ischemic heart disease. Different modifiable and non-modifiable factors were assessed and were analyzed using SPSS version 16.Results:This study contains 350 patients in which female patients were 133(38%) and male were 217(62%).The mean age was 57.23±11.36 years. The age of the patients ranges from 22 to 80 years. The frequencies of risk factors were stress (73.1%) followed by hypertension (65.7%), sedentary life style (59.4%), family history (57.1%), smoking (50.6%), over weight and obese (39.1%), below normal HDL (30.3%), high LDL (29.1%), hypertriglyceridemia (28%), hypercholesterolemia (23.7%). 64.3% patients were presenting with acute IHD and 35.7% were with chronic IHD. Stress, HTN, DM and sedentary life style were found to be significantly associated with male gender (p- value <0.05). Age was divided into two groups, <45 years and >45 years. Stress, HTN, DM and hypercholesterolemia had a significant association with >45 years of age group. (P-value <0.05).Conclusion:Stress, HTN, DM, sedentary life styles were the major risk factors. And they were found to be more in male gender and in equal to more than 45 years of age group.

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FREQUENCY OF FUNCTIONAL DISABILITY AND COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENTS IN SUB-ACUTE STROKE PATIENTS

Pakistan Journal of Rehabilitation ◽

10.36283/pjr.zu.10.2/013 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 69-74

Author(s):

Aisha Sarfaraz ◽

Dr Abdul Azeem ◽

Mehwish Butt ◽

Muhammad Umar

Keyword(s):

Acute Stroke ◽

Functional Disability ◽

Cognitive Impairments ◽

Age Groups ◽

Female Gender ◽

Primary Objective ◽

P Value ◽

Stroke Patients ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE Stroke is a very common neurological condition affects various aspects of health. The primary objective of this study was to find out the frequency of functional disability and cognitive impairments in Sub-acute Stroke patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 112 Sub-acute Stroke patients in Karachi, Pakistan. Using Barthel Index (BI) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) test was used to find out the frequency of functional disability and cognitive impairments of Sub-acute Stroke patients. RESULTS The correlation of BI scores with MMSE scores for the Male gender was 0.576 whilst the correlation of BI scores with MMSE scores for the Female gender was 0.440. The severity of functional disability concerning age groups assessed P-value was 0.026 using Chi-Square Test. The severity of functional disability (BI severity) concerning gender, P-value was found 0.097 using the same test. CONCLUSION Functional Disability is directly linked with age. However, there was no linkage established between Cognitive Impairment and age as well as gender. On close inspection, there was a trend between Functional disability and gender but not statistically significant.

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