scholarly journals Properties of Polyphenols and Xylooligosaccharides Obtained Biotechnologically from Processed Millets

2021 ◽  
pp. 538-548
Author(s):  
Damir Zyaynitdinov ◽  
Alexandr Evteev ◽  
Anna Bannikova
Keyword(s):  
Ferulic Acid ◽  
Fractional Composition ◽  
Monosaccharide Composition ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Reducing Substances ◽  
Excellent Source

Introduction. Thousands of tons of millet grain are processed annually in the world. Husk is the main waste of millet processing and can produce biologically valuable components. The present research offers a new biotechnology for the production of biologically active substances (BAS), namely polyphenols and xylooligosaccharides (XOS), from millet husk. Study objects and methods. Millet husk was tested for the mass fraction of protein, moisture, starch, fiber, and reducing substances, as well as for antiradical activity, qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic substances, fractional composition of carbohydrates, monosaccharide composition of polysaccharides, qualitative and quantitative compositions of XOS concentrates. Results and discussion. The obtained BAS concentrates contained 0.90% of protein and 91.50% of carbohydrates, including 68.50% of XOS with prebiotic properties and 6.30% of ash. The concentrate of polyphenols was represented to a greater extent by ferulic acid (33.47%) with antioxidant activity up to 74.0%. The process of enzymatic hydrolysis demonstrated a significant change in the fractional composition of the extracted oxycinnamic acids, which make up the polyphenolic compounds of millet husk. In the polyphenol concentrate, the yield of ferulic acid increased by 19%, and that of gallic acid – by 2.5%, whereas the yield of chlorogenic acid decreased by 13%. The XOS concentrate mainly consisted of XOS fragments with prebiotic properties – up to 78% in absolutely dry matter. The fractional composition of the XOS concentrate revealed the presence of di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentaxylo-oligosaccharides. Xylotriose and xylotetrose prevailed in the KOS concentrates: 15.83 and 16.23%, respectively. The waste of enzymatic husk processing proved to be a concentrate of valuable dietary fiber that can be used as an independent product in the technologies of balanced and dietary nutrition. Conclusion. Millet husk is an excellent source of polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant and prebiotic properties and can be used in functional food production.

scholarly journals The influence of meteorological factors on phytochemical composition of Artemisia pontica L.

Chemija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Saunoriūtė ◽  
Ona Ragažinskienė ◽  
Liudas Ivanauskas ◽  
Mindaugas Marksa ◽  
Erika Šeinauskienė
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Phytochemical Composition

In order to increase the diversity of medicinal plants and biologically active compounds accumulated in them, considerable attention is given to introduction of Artemisia L. genus plants in Lithuania. The aim of our study was to determinate the qualitative and quantitative composition of essential oils of Artemisia pontica L. introduced in Lithuania. The object of investigation – Artemisiae pontici herba were prepared in the Scientific Sector of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Scientific Department of Botanical Garden at Vytautas Magnus University in 2018–2019. Essential oils were separated by hydrodistillation method, their composition was analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry methods in the Faculty of Pharmacy at Lithuanian University of Health Sciences in 2018–2020. The obtained results showed that a statistically significant (p > 0.05) higher amount and diversity of compounds from Artemisiae pontici herba essential oils were assessed in 2018 when HTC = 1.32. A strong correlation (r = 0.740) was assessed between the average of active temperatures and precipitation in 2019. The content of compounds was by 33.3% lower when HTC = 0.91. The other major compounds were 1,8-cineole (46.86%), 1,4-cineole (37.92%) and camphor (29.41–33.02%).

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION IN FLAVONOIDS PHYSCIA STELLARIS (L.) NYL WHO GREW UP IN PLACES OF DIFFERENT ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD

2017 ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Рашит (Rashit) Габдулхаевич (Gabdulhaevich) Фархутдинов (Farkhutdinov) ◽  
Аркадий (Arkadij) Владимирович (Vladimirovich) Щербаков (Shcherbakov) ◽  
Зиля (Zilja) Равиловна (Ravilovna) Саитова (Saitova)
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Growth Response ◽  
Anthropogenic Load ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Different Levels

The studies was defined qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids in lichen species Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl., Collected in habitats with different levels of anthropogenic load. Changes in the composition of flavonoids is considered in the literature as an indicator of the direction of the synthesis of secondary metabolites by plants to protect against adverse environmental influences. It was found that the most diverse number of members (128 compounds), phenolic substances found in the least contaminated RB Ishimbai area and the fewest (58 compounds) was detected in Sterlitamak. Analysis of qualitative and quantitative composition of flavonoids showed that in the area of Ishimbaisky samples were found to accumulate naringin, dihydroquercetin, quercetin. The samples obtained in Alsheyevsky District noted in content highs routine, but samples Sterlitamak – fizetina and naringenin. The calculation of the potential antioxidant status showed that the samples of Ishimbaisky district formed the highest level of protection phenolic substances. It showed no direct correlation between the growth response to environmental pollution and the level of flavonoid content in the thallus of lichens.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation of the qualitative and quantitative composition of triterpenic compounds and antioxidant activity in vitro in the apple extracts of cultivars grown in Lithuania

Chemija ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Butkevičiūtė ◽  
R. Urbštaitė ◽  
M. Liaudanskas ◽  
D. Kviklys ◽  
J. Viškelis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Oleanolic Acid ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Phenological Stage ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Triterpenic Acids

Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) fruits are rich in phenolic glycosides, triterpenic acids and other biologically active compounds. The apples are widely used as food products due to their biologically active compounds that have specific biological effects. It is important to use high quality apples or their recycling products, so it is necessary to investigate the qualitative and quantitative composition of the bioactive compounds. The amount of triterpenic acids varies during different phenological stages of apple development and maturation. In order to determine in which phenological stage of apple growth the quantity of triterpenic acids was highest, high-performance liquid chromatography was applied. The highest total amounts of triterpenic compounds were detected at the beginning of the phenological stage of fruit development. The study showed that the highest amounts of triterpenic acids were detected at the beginning of the phenological stage of apple development, while as the apple matured, the amount of triterpenic acids decreased from 2.63 ± 0.26 mg/g to 1.6 ± 0.28 mg/g. In this study, we identified and quantified four triterpenic compounds, which by the quantitative composition of triterpenic acids could be arranged in the following ascending order: betulinic acid < corosolic acid < oleanolic acid < ursolic acid. In order to use herbal extracts for medical practice it is important to perform biological effects study in vitro and in vivo. Antioxidants with different mechanisms of action neutralize harmful reactive oxygen and nitrogen forms and enhance antioxidants protection systems. The antioxidant activity of apple extracts in vitro varied during different phenological stages of the fruit. The strongest antiradical and reductive activities were observed at the beginning of apple development. In order to determine the relationship between the antioxidant activity of the acetone extracts of apples assessed by DPPH, ABTS, CUPRAC and FRAP assays and the total amount of triterpenic acids in these extracts, a correlation analysis was carried out. The strongest positive correlation was observed between the amount of oleanolic acid and the antioxidant activity assessed by DPPH, ABTS and CUPRAC methods (respectively, r = 0.778, r = 0.784 and r = 0.720).

scholarly journals Methods for the determination of flavonoids in plant raw materials and products of their processing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.V. Alpatova ◽  
◽  
I.A. Dubrovskaya ◽  
M.V. Slobodyanik ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Plant Raw Materials

Flavonoids are an important component of plant materials; they have medicinal and biologically active properties. To use them as medicines, it is necessary to determine their qualitative and quantitative composition. The aim of this work is a comparative analysis of the identification and metrological characteristics of methods for the determination of flavonoids in plant raw materials and products of their processing. The paper presents a brief literature review of the main methods for the study of flavonoids. Certified and advanced techniques, such as NMR and mass spectrometry, have been discussed.

scholarly journals Investigation on the potential of poplar bark from short-rotation coppices as bio-based fungicidal additives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Bremer ◽  
Javane Oktaee ◽  
Daniela Einer ◽  
Steffen Fischer ◽  
André Wagenführ
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Outer Bark ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Adverse Conditions ◽  
Short Rotation ◽  
Poplar Clones ◽  
Phenolic Substances ◽  
Excellent Source

AbstractBark on trees protects the plant against environmentally adverse conditions as well as fungi and insect attacks. There are different chemical substances, mostly in the outer bark of trees, which can stop fungi from developing. Bark as a by-product of wood plantations is available in high quantity and can serve as an excellent source for the production of eco-fungicides. In the presented article, bark of various poplar clones from two short-rotation coppices (SRC) in Poland and Germany was examined to determine the chemical composition, the possible extraction of potential fungicides (terpenes, aromatic and phenolic substances), and influence of their extracts on slowing the growth of mold fungi. It was proved that the content of the fungicidal substances depends strongly on the clone type. Two methods of extraction—Soxhlet and batch—were compared to obtain fungicidal extracts. Fungicidal substances were found in extracts gained with both approaches. Triterpenes, fatty acids, aldehydes, and alcohols were primarily the active fungicides in the Soxhlet extracts, whereas phenolic substances act as fungicides in the batch extracts.

scholarly journals Anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities of Hieracium pilosella L. extracts

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Stanojevic ◽  
Mihajlo Stankovic ◽  
Vesna Nikolic ◽  
Ljubisa Nikolic
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Scavenging Effect ◽  
Hieracium Pilosella ◽  
Radical Scavenging Effect

The anti-oxidative and antimicrobial activities of different extracts from Hieracium pilosella L. (Asteraceae) whole plant were investigated. The total dry extracts were determined for all the investigated solvents: methanol, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and dichloromethane: methanol (9:1). It was found that the highest yield was obtained by extraction with methanol (12.9 g/100 g of dry plant material). Qualitative and quantitative analysis were performed by the HPLC method, using external standards. Chlorogenic acid, apigenin-7-O-glucoside and umbelliferone were detected in the highest quantity in the extracts. The qualitative and quantitative composition of the extracts depends on the solvent used. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging effect of the extracts was determined spectrophotometrically. The highest radical scavenging effect was observed in the methanolic extract, both with and without incubation, EC50 = 0.012 and EC50 = 0.015 mg ml-1, respectively. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts towards the bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Salmonella enteritidis and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and the fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) were determined by the disc diffusion method. The minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for all the investigated extracts against all the mentioned microorganisms.

scholarly journals Chemistry and Biology of Essential Oils of GenusBoswellia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hidayat Hussain ◽  
Ahmed Al-Harrasi ◽  
Ahmed Al-Rawahi ◽  
Javid Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Volatile Constituents ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Explicit Consideration

The properties ofBoswelliaplants have been exploited for millennia in the traditional medicines of Africa, China, and especially in the Indian Ayurveda. In Western countries, the advent of synthetic drugs has obscured the pharmaceutical use ofBoswellia, until it was reported that an ethanolic extract exerts anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic effects. Frankincense was commonly used for medicinal purposes. This paper aims to provide an overview of current knowledge of the volatile constituents of frankincense, with explicit consideration concerning the diverseBoswelliaspecies. Altogether, more than 340 volatiles inBoswelliahave been reported in the literature. In particular, a broad diversity has been found in the qualitative and quantitative composition of the volatiles with respect to different varieties ofBoswellia. A detailed discussion of the various biological activities ofBoswelliafrankincense is also presented.

The control of the qualitative and quantitative composi-tion of vitamins and tocopherols of various types of vegetable oils

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
Александр Николаевич Остриков ◽  
Наталья Леонидовна Клейменова ◽  
Инэсса Николаевна Болгова ◽  
Максим Васильевич Копылов ◽  
Екатерина Юрьевна Желтоухова
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
The Body ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Cold Pressed ◽  
Vitamin Activity

Использование растительных масел в рационе человека необходимо для удовлетворения энергетической потребности организма и регулирования биологических процессов. В настоящей работе представлен качественный и количественный состав витаминов и токоферолов различных видов растительных масел, полученных холодным отжимом из выращенных в нашей стране расторопши, горчицы, подсолнечника, рыжика, рапса. Проведен сравнительный анализ литературных источников о наличии витаминов и токоферолов в различных растительных маслах. Количественный и качественный витаминный состав для одного и того же вида масла, по данным разных авторов, варьируется в достаточно широком диапазоне. В ходе исследования изучен витаминный состав пяти растительных масел. Результаты свидетельствуют, что наибольшей витаминной активностью обладают масла рыжиковое, расторопши и горчичное. Установлено наличие витамина А в маслах: рыжиковом (27,15±0,002 мкг%), расторопши (19,07±0,02 мкг%), горчичном (24,77±0,02 мкг%). Витамины В и В присутствуют в маслах горчичном, рыжиковом и расторопши; витамин В определен в горчичном и рыжиковом, В - в рыжиковом и расторопши. В маслах горчичном и расторопши присутствует витамин В. Наиболее богаты витамином Е масла рыжиковое (52,8±0,02 мг%), подсолнечное (48,3±0,02 мг%), расторопши (47,12±0,02 мг%). Витамин К и токоферолы определены во всех растительных маслах. Присутствие b-каротина обнаружено в рыжиковом (1,237±0,004 мг%), расторопши (0,812±0,002 мг%), подсолнечном (0,22±0,02 мг%) и горчичном (0,148±0,002 мг%) маслах. Анализируемые масла холодного отжима можно рассматривать как ценный источник при проектировании новых многоцелевых продуктов или побочных продуктов для промышленного, косметического и фармацевтического использования. The use of vegetable oils in the human diet is necessary to meet the energy needs of the body and regulate biological processes. This work presents the qualitative and quantitative composition of vitamins and tocopherols of various types of vegetable oils obtained by cold pressing from silybum marianum, mustard, sunflower, camelina, rapeseed grown in our country. A comparative analysis of the literature on the presence of vitamins and tocopherols in various vegetable oils has been carried out. The quantitative and qualitative vitamin composition for the same type of oil, according to different authors, varies in a wide range. During the study, the vitamin composition of five vegetable oils was studied. The results indicate that the following oils have the highest vitamin activity: camelina, silybum marianum and mustard. The presence of vitamin A was found in oils: camelina (27.15±0.002 μg%), silybum marianum (19.07±0.02 μg%), mustard (24.77±0.02 μg%). Vitamins B and B are present in mustard, camelina and silybum marianum oils; vitamin B is found in mustard and camelina; B in camelina and silybum marianum. Mustard and silybum marianum oils contain vitamin B. The richest in vitamin E are camelina (52.8±0.02 mg%), sunflower (48.3±0.02 mg%), silybum marianum (47.12±0.02 mg%). Vitamin K and tocopherols are found in all vegetable oils. The presence of b-carotene was found in camelina (1.237±0.004 mg%), silybum marianum (0.812±0.002 mg%), sunflower (0.22±0.02 mg%) and mustard (0.148±0.002 mg%) oils. The analyzed cold-pressed oils can be considered as a valuable resource when designing new multipurpose products or by-products for industrial, cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications.

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