Anti-Cancer Compounds from Terrestrial and Marine Resources - in silico and Experimental Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Velmurugan Devadass ◽  
Pachiappan Raman ◽  
D. Gayathri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Eribulin Mesylate ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Incidence Of Cancer

Introduction: In both developing and developed countries, cancer is among the leading causes of millions of deaths. The incidence of cancer is increasing due to environmental changes and modernization of life style. Lung and breast cancer deaths lead in number compared to other cancer deaths. Although the cause of cancer due to external factors like tobacco use, chemicals, radiation, infectious organisms and internal factors like immune conditions and genetic modification are known, the occurrence and deaths due to cancer cannot be controlled. Methods: It is expected that the incidence of cancer after two decades will increase by 70% and death rate will also increase by 50%, which is an alarming situation globally. Although synthetic compounds are being used in the control of cancer as chemopreventive agents, about 50% of these are related to natural products as the origin. There is an emerging evidence to show that in the past 50 years, natural products derived from plants and marine sources had beneficial effects in the treatment and prevention of cancer. Taxol, vincristine, vinblastine, cytarabine, eribulin mesylate and trabectidine are some of the anticancer compounds isolated from terrestrial and marine sources. Results: This review highlights mainly the role of natural compounds isolated from terrestrial and marine sources as anticancer agents through the docking of these compounds with the related macromolecular targets. Conclusion: Cell line studies for some of the compounds isolated from natural products are also reported.

Role of Oxidative Stress in Diabetic Retinopathy and the Beneficial Effects of Flavonoids

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (19) ◽  
pp. 2180-2187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsul Ola ◽  
Dalia Al-Dosari ◽  
Abdullah S. Alhomida
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Diabetic Retina ◽  
Retinal Pathology ◽  
Dietary Flavonoids

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of decreased vision and blindness in developed countries. Diabetes-induced metabolic disorder is believed to increase oxidative stress in the retina. This results in deleterious change through dysregulation of cellular physiology that damages both neuronal and vascular cells. In this review, we first highlight the evidence of potential metabolic sources and pathways which increase oxidative stress that contribute to retinal pathology in diabetes. As oxidative stress is a central factor in the pathophysiology of DR, antioxidants therapy would be beneficial towards preventing the retinal damage. A number of experimental studies by our group and others showed that dietary flavonoids cause reduction in increased oxidative stress and other beneficial effects in diabetic retina. We then discuss the beneficial effects of the six major flavonoid families, such as flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, isoflavones, flavones and anthocyanins, which have been studied to improve retinal damage. Flavanoids, being known antioxidants, may ameliorate the retinal degenerative factors including apoptosis, inflammation and neurodegeneration in diabetes. Therefore, intake of potential dietary flavonoids would limit oxidative stress and thereby prevent the retinal damage, and subsequently the development of DR.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL NATURAL PRODUCTS WITH ANTICANCER PROPERTIES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS

2019 ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
BALABHASKAR R ◽  
RAJENDRA KUMAR A ◽  
SELVARAJAN S ◽  
FARIDHA A ◽  
GAYATHRI GUNALAN
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
World Population ◽  
Aromatic Plants ◽  
Medicinal And Aromatic Plants ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Anticancer Properties ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Animal Resources ◽  
Drug Leads

Natural products continue to be a source for the discovery of drugs and drug leads even from ancient period. 80% of drug molecules have been obtained from either natural products or derivatives of the natural product. It has been found that the concept of a single drug for treating single disease may become outdated in the near future and the need of polyherbal formulations, as an alternate remedy is under investigation. Medicinal and aromatic plants contain biologically important phytochemicals, which have known curative properties. They are found as secondary metabolites in plants. Plants also contain certain other compounds that moderate the effects of the active ingredients. Medicinal and aromatic plants have their own contribution toward the treatment of both noncommunicable and communicable diseases. A survey done by the WHO indicates that a majority of the world population tends to use plants for treating diseases. Cancer, the second largest cause of death after cardiovascular disease accounts for about 3500 million people globally. Due to the serious side effects of synthetic chemopreventive agents, research is going onto investigate the nature derived chemopreventive agents. In addition to the plant-derived compounds, marine, and animal resources also play an important role as clinically beneficial anticancer agents with minimal or no toxicity. The best examples for plant-derived compounds include vincristine, vinblastine, irinotecan, etoposide, and paclitaxel; they have a different mode of action against cancer such as interaction with microtubules, inhibition of topoisomerases I or II, alkylation of DNA, and interference with tumor signal transduction. The natural products from marine sources such as bryostatin, squalamine exhibit a significant antimitotic, and anti-angiogenic activities. The benefits of various anticancer drugs derived from natural products are the fact that it can have its effect on cancer cells alone without harming healthy cells, which is unlikely to be the case with other conventional chemotherapeutics. In this review, various natural products and their anticancer properties have been discussed briefly.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Food Components for the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases: Effects, Mechanisms, and Clinical Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Dan-Dan Zhou ◽  
Min Luo ◽  
Ao Shang ◽  
Qian-Qian Mao ◽  
Bang-Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
High Prevalence

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have gained increasing attention because of their high prevalence and mortality worldwide. Epidemiological studies revealed that intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts, and cereals could reduce the risk of CVDs, and their antioxidants are considered as the main contributors. Moreover, experimental studies showed that some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds exerted beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, anthocyanins, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, rutin, and puerarin. The mechanisms of action mainly included reducing blood pressure, improving lipid profile, ameliorating oxidative stress, mitigating inflammation, and regulating gut microbiota. Furthermore, clinical trials confirmed the cardiovascular-protective effect of some antioxidant natural products, such as soursop, beetroot, garlic, almond, and green tea. In this review, we summarized the effects of some antioxidant natural products and their bioactive compounds on CVDs based on the epidemiological, experimental, and clinical studies, with special attention paid to the relevant mechanisms and clinical trials.

scholarly journals Chemoprevention in gastrointestinal physiology and disease. Anti-inflammatory approaches for colorectal cancer chemoprevention

2015 ◽  
Vol 309 (2) ◽  
pp. G59-G70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandra M. Fajardo ◽  
Gary A. Piazza
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Chemopreventive Agents ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Cox 2 Inhibitors

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignancies and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in developed countries. Identifying effective preventive strategies aimed at inhibiting the development and progression of CRC is critical for reducing the incidence and mortality of this malignancy. The prevention of carcinogenesis by anti-inflammatory agents including nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors, and natural products is an area of considerable interest and research. Numerous anti-inflammatory agents have been identified as potential CRC chemopreventive agents but vary in their mechanism of action. This review will discuss the molecular mechanisms being studied for the CRC chemopreventive activity of NSAIDs (i.e., aspirin, sulindac, and ibuprofen), COX-2 inhibitors (i.e., celecoxib), natural products (i.e., curcumin, resveratrol, EGCG, genistein, and baicalein), and metformin. A deeper understanding of how these anti-inflammatory agents inhibit CRC will provide insight into the development of potentially safer and more effective chemopreventive drugs.

scholarly journals Antioxidants of Natural Products

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 612
Author(s):  
Mee Ree Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Disease Prevention ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Antioxidant ingredients are known to contribute to the beneficial effects of natural products in health promotion as well as disease prevention by reducing oxidative stress, caused by reactive oxygen or nitrogen species, in biological systems [...]

scholarly journals A systematic review of behavioural and exercise interventions for the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Anne Lagmay Tanay ◽  
Jo Armes ◽  
Rona Moss-Morris ◽  
Anne Marie Rafferty ◽  
Glenn Robert
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Neuropathy ◽  
Health Management ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Self Management ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Behavioural Interventions ◽  
Exercise Interventions ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Recommended Treatment

Abstract Background Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can result in functional difficulties. Pharmacological interventions used to prevent CIPN either show low efficacy or lack evidence to support their use and to date, duloxetine remains the only recommended treatment for painful CIPN. Non-pharmacological interventions such as exercise and behavioural interventions for CIPN exist. Purpose The aims were to (1) identify and appraise evidence on existing behavioural and exercise interventions focussed on preventing or managing CIPN symptoms, (2) describe psychological mechanisms of action by which interventions influenced CIPN symptoms, (3) determine the underpinning conceptual models that describe how an intervention may create behaviour change, (4) identify treatment components of each intervention and contextual factors, (5) determine the nature and extent of patient and clinician involvement in developing existing interventions and (6) summarise the relative efficacy or effectiveness of interventions to lessen CIPN symptoms and to improve quality of life, balance and muscle strength. Methods A systematic search of Ovid Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Health Management Information Consortium, Global Health and CINAHL was performed to identify articles published between January 2000 to May 2020, followed by OpenGrey search and hand-searching of relevant journals. Studies that explored behavioural and/or exercise interventions designed to prevent or improve symptoms of CIPN in adults who had received or were receiving neurotoxic chemotherapy for any type of cancer, irrespective of when delivered within the cancer pathway were included. Results Nineteen randomised controlled trials and quasi-experimental studies which explored behavioural (n=6) and exercise (n=13) interventions were included. Four studies were rated as methodologically strong, ten were moderate and five were weak. Ten exercise and two behavioural interventions, including those that improved CIPN knowledge and self-management resources and facilitated symptom self-reporting, led to reduced CIPN symptoms during and/or after chemotherapy treatment. Conclusions The extent of potential benefits from the interventions was difficult to judge, due to study limitations. Future interventions should incorporate a clear theoretical framework and involve patients and clinicians in the development process. Implications for Cancer Survivors Our findings show exercise interventions have beneficial effects on CIPN symptoms although higher quality research is warranted. Behavioural interventions that increase patient’s CIPN knowledge, improve self-management capacity and enable timely access to symptom management led to reduced CIPN symptoms.

scholarly journals The Protective Role of Butyrate against Obesity and Obesity-Related Diseases

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Serena Coppola ◽  
Carmen Avagliano ◽  
Antonio Calignano ◽  
Roberto Berni Canani
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Individual

Worldwide obesity is a public health concern that has reached pandemic levels. Obesity is the major predisposing factor to comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The common forms of obesity are multifactorial and derive from a complex interplay of environmental changes and the individual genetic predisposition. Increasing evidence suggest a pivotal role played by alterations of gut microbiota (GM) that could represent the causative link between environmental factors and onset of obesity. The beneficial effects of GM are mainly mediated by the secretion of various metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) acetate, propionate and butyrate are small organic metabolites produced by fermentation of dietary fibers and resistant starch with vast beneficial effects in energy metabolism, intestinal homeostasis and immune responses regulation. An aberrant production of SCFAs has emerged in obesity and metabolic diseases. Among SCFAs, butyrate emerged because it might have a potential in alleviating obesity and related comorbidities. Here we reviewed the preclinical and clinical data that contribute to explain the role of butyrate in this context, highlighting its crucial contribute in the diet-GM-host health axis.

scholarly journals Renoprotective Effects of DPP-4 Inhibitors

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Daiji Kawanami ◽  
Yuichi Takashi ◽  
Hiroyuki Takahashi ◽  
Ryoko Motonaga ◽  
Makito Tanabe
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Kidney Disease ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Glucose Lowering ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Membrane Bound ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide. Dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). DPP-4 inhibitors reduce glucose levels by inhibiting degradation of incretins. DPP-4 is a ubiquitous protein with exopeptidase activity that exists in cell membrane-bound and soluble forms. It has been shown that an increased renal DPP-4 activity is associated with the development of DKD. A series of clinical and experimental studies showed that DPP-4 inhibitors have beneficial effects on DKD, independent of their glucose-lowering abilities, which are mediated by anti-fibrotic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidative stress properties. In this review article, we highlight the current understanding of the clinical efficacy and the mechanisms underlying renoprotection by DPP-4 inhibitors under diabetic conditions.

Climate change and its impact on the development of allergic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Evgeniya V. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
International Studies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Earth Temperature

Since the middle of the twentieth century, there has been a widespread increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases, especially in developed countries. Much attention is paid to the changing climate and its influence on the development of allergies, mainly of the respiratory system. In many countries, studies are intensifying to study the relationship of various weather phenomena, air pollution, Earth temperature with the course of certain allergic diseases of the respiratory tract. Global strategies for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases are being developed. This review provides data from international studies demonstrating the negative impact on human health and the development of allergic diseases of the respiratory system, in particular asthma: a global rise in Earth temperature, air pollution, dust storms, forest fires, dampness in rooms and atmospheric mold, thunderstorms and floods.

Recent Advances on Small Molecule Medicinal Chemistry to Treat Human Diseases-Part III

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (17) ◽  
pp. 1517-1518
Author(s):  
Dharmendra Kumar Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Drug Discovery ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Medicinal Chemistry ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Metabolite ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Life Threatening

The discovery and utilization of novel metabolites from natural sources are gaining momentum in the present era. The drug discovery programs have witnessed a remarkable shift from conventional medicines to exploiting natural products and their “value addition”, for treating lifethreatening diseases. The global outbreak of life-threatening diseases namely Ebola, SARS,including infections of the bloodstream (bacteremia), heart valves (endocarditis), lungs (pneumonia), and brain (meningitis) and AIDS calls for a more targeted approach to effectively combat the emerging diseases. In the present scenario, natural products and their extracts are being explored extensively for the treatment of various life threatening diseases. In this thematic issue, several review articles contributed by the scientist and researchers in the different areas of medicinal chemistry, synthetic chemistry, new emerging multi-drug targets were collected. This issue begins with a review article on the “Chemistry and Pharmacology of Natural Catechins from Camellia sinensis as anti-MRSA agents” by Gaur et al. and focuses on the spread of MRSA strains is of great concern because of limited treatment options for staphylococcal infections, since these strains are resistant to the entire class of β-lactam antibiotics. In addition, MRSA exhibits resistance to other classes of antimicrobial agents such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, macrolide and even glycopeptides (vancomycin and teicoplanine), leading to the emergence of resistant strains such as glycopeptide intermediate (GISA) and resistant strain (GRSA) of S. aureus. In this review, chemical constituents responsible for the anti-MRSA activity of tea are explored [1]. The next article of this issue is a review article on the “Recent Advancements in the Synthesis and Chemistry of Benzofused Nitrogen- and Oxygen-based Bioactive Heterocycles” by Sharma et al. which focuses on medicinal importance of these bioactive benzo-fused heterocycles; special attention has been given to their synthesis as well as medicinal/pharmaceutical properties in detail [2]. “Trends in pharmaceutical design of Endophytes as anti-infective,” by Tiwari et al., is the third article in this issue. The review focused on the meta-analysis of bioactive metabolite production from endophytes, extensively discussing the bioprospection of natural products for pharmaceutical applications. In light of the emerging importance of endophytes as antiinfective agents, an exploration of the pharmaceutical design of novel chemical entities and analogues has enabled efficient and cost-effective drug discovery programs. However, bottlenecks in endophytic biology and research requires a better understanding of endophytic dynamics and mechanism of bioactive metabolite production towards a sustainable drug discovery program [3]. The last article of this issue is also research article on “Recent development of tetrahydro-quinoline/isoquinoline based compounds as anticancer agents” by Yadav et al. The article reported the synthesis of potent tetrahydroquinoline/isoquinoline molecules of the last 10 years with their anticancer properties in various cancer cell lines and stated their half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). In addition, we also considered the discussion of molecular docking and structural activity relationship wherever provided to understand the possible mode of activity an target involved and structural features responsible for the better activity, so the reader can directly find detail for designing new anticancer agents. [4]. Finally I would like to thank all authors who contributed to this issue, titled “Recent advances on small molecule medicinal chemistry to treat human diseases”.

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