scholarly journals Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia Galanga L.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Candida Albicans dengan Metode Dilusi

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Eka Aprilianti Aprilianti ◽  
Maulidiyah Salim ◽  
Sri Tumpuk
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Strong Inhibition ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Root Tuber

Abstract:  The lesser galangar rhizome is the root of stay that is branched off and attached to root tuber. Rhizome lesser galangar partly located on the ground. The active ingredient in rhizome lesser galangar are flavonoids are used as an antifungi and can cure diseases by the fungus Candida albicans. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of lesser galangar rhizome extract concentration (Kaempferia galanga L.) to the growth of Candida albicans fungus with dilution method. The research method is experimental. The sample used is the concentration of kencur rhizome extract consisting of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%. Result of research from 10 concentrations of lesser galangar rhizome with dilution method can know the lowest of bacteria colonies that is concentration 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% that is 0 colony with 100% percentage while number of colony The highest bacteria is 1% concentration of 85 colonies with the percentage of 20.56%. At 4% concentration is the effective concentration of rhizome extract lesser galangar, because it can be a minimum concentration that provides a very strong inhibition of growth. Spearman’s analysis, obtained value  (p = 0,00 <0,05) then Ha accepted, mean there is influence of rhizome extract concentration (Kaempferia galanga L.) to growth of Candida albicans fungi. Abstrak: Rimpang kencur merupakan akar tinggal yang bercabang halus dan menempel pada umbi akar. Rimpang kencur sebagian lagi terletak di atas tanah. Zat aktif dalam rimpang kencur yaiu flavonoid yang digunakan sebagai anti jamur dan dapat menyembuhkan penyakit oleh jamur Candida albicans. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi ekstrak rimpang kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) terhadap pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans dengan metode dilusi. Metode penelitian berbentuk eksperimental semu. Sampel yang digunakan adalah konsentrasi ekstrak rimpang kencur yang terdiri dari 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10%. Hasil penelitian dari 10 konsentrasi rimpang kencur dengan metode dilusi dapat diketahui jumlah koloni bakteri yang terendah yaitu konsentrasi 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9%, 10% yaitu sebesar 0 koloni dengan persentase 100% sedangkan jumlah koloni bakteri tertinggi yaitu konsentrasi 1% sebesar 85 koloni dengan persentase 20,56%. Pada konsentrasi 4% merupakan konsentrasi efektif ekstrak rimpang kencur, karena dapat merupakan konsentrasi minimum yang memberikan daya hambat pertumbuhan yang sangat kuat. Analisis Spearman’s, didapatkan nilai (p = 0,00 < 0,05) maka Ha diterima, berarti terdapat pengaruh kon

scholarly journals Potensi Ekstrak Rimpang Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) Menghambat Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annisa Rahmi ◽  
Erpan Roebiakto ◽  
Leka Lutpiatina
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Drugs ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Tube Dilution Method

<p style="text-align: justify;">Candida albicans infection is the cause of candidiasis. Candidiasis treatment can be done with a variety of antifungal drugs, one of them is rhizome of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.). The Rhizome of kencur is selected as a traditional medicine because it contains chemical compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, saponins and essential oil that serves as an antifungal. This study aimed to determine the minimal inhibitory and minimal killing power and also an influence of kencur rhizome extract on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro. This research was true experimental design with posttest only control group design with tube dilution method. Results of Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) research showed there was no clarity at concentration of 20 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, 40 mg/mL, and it shows clarity at concentration of 50 mg/mL and 60 mg/mL. Results of Minimum Bactericidal Concentrations (MBCs) showed the number of colonies at concentration of 20 mg/mL were 84 colonies, concentration of 30 mg/mL were 48 colonies, concentration of 40 mg/mL were 27 colonies, concentration of mg/mL were 12 colonies and concentration of 60 mg/mL were 0 colony. Based on linear regression test, the result showed significance value of 0.000 <ɑ = 0.05 so it can be concluded that there is a kencur rhizome extract influence on the growth of Candida albicans in vitro with minimal inhibitory concentrations is the concentration of 50 mg/mL and the minimal bactericidal concentrations 60 mg/mL. Further studies are required regarding kencur rhizome extract (Kaempferia galanga L.) in inhibiting and bactericidal microorganisms other than Candida albicans.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Black Garlic dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Candida albicans

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Ratih Iswari Ningtias ◽  
Dyah Indartin Setyowati ◽  
Ari Tri Wanodyo Handayani
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Solution ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Control Solution ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Positive Controls

Black garlic has many properties naturally can be used as an antifungi. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of Black garlic extract in inhibiting the growth of Candida albicans and knowing the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Fungicidal Concentration (MFC) of Black garlic extract against Candida albicans. This study used 5 groups of Black garlic extract concentration, namely 75%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and positive controls, with 5 replications. Extraction was carried out using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, while the antifungal test was carried out by liquid dilution method. MIC was determined by observing the turbidity and clarity of each test solution and compared to the control solution. MFC was determined by observing the presence or absence of fungi colonies growing on Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar (SDA) media after incubation for 24 hours. The results of the study carried out the Kruskall-Wallis test showed a significance value (p <0.05) which means that there were significant differences in all groups. In the Mann-Whitney test showed a significance value (p <0.05) which means there are differences between treatment groups. The conclusion is that Black garlic extract has the ability to antifungal with MIC at a concentration of 50% and MFC at a concentration of 75%.

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA PADA EKSTRAK DAUN GAMBIR (UNCARIA GAMBIER ROXB.) DAN DAUN SIRIH HIJAU (PIPER BETLE LINN.) TERHADAP STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS, ESCHERICHIA COLI DAN CANDIDA ALBICANS

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 064-072
Author(s):  
Reki Wicaksono Ashadi
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Concentration Levels

Gambier contains two main components, namelycatechin and katekutanat acid. According to Lemmens (1999), gambier have three benefits: fortanning leather; as a stimulant as well as medicine. This study aims to determine the concentrationof the inhibition gambier (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) and betelleaf (Piper betle Linn.) as well astocompare the differences in the inhibition of growth of Streptococcusmutans, Escherichiacoli and Yeast Candida albicans. The Results showed that gambier extract (Uncaria gambier Roxb.) and green betelleaf (Piper betle Linn.) indicates that the leaf extract of betelleaf and gambier have no activity on hibiting the growth of Candida albicans. However extract from betelleaf can inhibit the growth of Streptococcus mutans and Escherichia coli with a minimum concentration levels of 25%.

Biodegradable polymers-based nanoparticles to enhance the antifungal efficacy of fluconazole against Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noha Saleh ◽  
Soha Elshaer ◽  
Germeen Girgis
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
In Vitro Release ◽  
Double Emulsion ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Antifungal Efficacy

Background: Fluconazole (FLZ), a potent antifungal medication, is characterized by poor water solubility that reduced its antifungal efficacy. Objective: This study aimed to prepare FLZ-loaded polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) by using different polymers and techniques as a mean of enhancing the antifungal activity of FLZ. Methods: NP1, NP2, and NP3 were prepared by the double emulsion/solvent evaporation method using PLGA, PCL, and PLA, respectively. The ionotropic pre-gelation technique was applied to prepare an alginate/chitosan-based formulation (NP4). Particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity were characterized. FT-IR spectra of FLZ, the polymers, and the prepared NPs were estimated. NP4 was selected for further in-vitro release evaluation. The broth dilution method was used to assess the antifungal activity of NP4 using a resistant clinical isolate of Candida albicans. Results: The double emulsion method produced smaller-sized particles (<390 nm) but with much lower encapsulation efficiency (< 12%). Alternatively, the ionic gelation method resulted in nanosized particles with a markedly higher encapsulation efficiency of about 40%. The FT-IR spectroscopy confirmed the loading of the FLZ molecules in the polymeric network of the prepared NPs. The release profile of NP4 showed a burst initial release followed by a controlled pattern up to 24 hours with a higher percent released relative to the free FLZ suspension. NP4 was able to reduce the value of MIC of FLZ by 20 times. Conclusion: The antifungal activity of FLZ against C. albicans was enhanced markedly via its loading in the alginate/chitosan-based polymeric matrix of NP4.

scholarly journals Inhibition Activity of Garlic (Allium sativum) Skin Aqueous Extract on Mastitis Causing Microorganisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Afduha Nurus Syamsi ◽  
Meyta Pratiwi ◽  
Aras Prasetiyo Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Inhibition Activity ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Streptococcus Mutants

Mastitis in dairy caused by microorganisms, e.g. Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, is a serious problem due to its effect in decreasing quality and quantity of milk production up to 53.5%. Mastitis precautions are generally carried out using iodine solution and has risk leaving residue both on the udder and milk produced. Natural antimicrobial compounds need to be developed to solve iodine residues. An alternative natural ingredient that can be used is the skin of garlic which is known contains allicin, that is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. This completely randomized design research by applying Kirby-Bauer method, aimed to identify the effect and concentration of garlic skin extracts that are effective against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutants, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Research was done in 6 months in Faculty of Animal Science and Faculty of Biology Unsoed, and the datas were analyzed using ANOVA. Garlic skins were extracted using aquadest to three concentrations i.e. 5%, 10% and 15%, and were tested on to mastitis-causing microorganisms growth. The results showed the extract of garlic skins using aquadest has high potency in inhibiting the growth of mastitis-causing microorganisms. Based on the results, aqueous extract of garlic skin has inhibition activity with minimum concentration 5-10%.

scholarly journals Comparison of Three Methods for Testing Azole Susceptibilities of Candida albicans Strains Isolated Sequentially from Oral Cavities of AIDS Patients

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1578-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Tortorano ◽  
Maria Anna Viviani ◽  
Francesco Barchiesi ◽  
Daniela Arzeni ◽  
Anna Lisa Rigoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Testing Procedures ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method ◽  
Mean Differences

Three susceptibility testing procedures were compared to determine fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole MICs against 47Candida albicans strains isolated sequentially from the oral cavities of five AIDS patients undergoing azole therapy. They included the broth microdilution method (BM), performed according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards’ tentative standard, the agar dilution method (AD), and the Etest; the latter two tests were performed both in Casitone agar (AD-Cas and Etest-Cas) and in RPMI (AD-RPMI and Etest-RPMI). Twenty-four- and 48-h MICs obtained by AD and Etest were compared with 48-h MICs obtained by BM. The MICs of all the azoles determined by BM were usually lower than those obtained by the other methods, mainly due to different reading criteria. In order to assess the most appropriate way of evaluating the agreement of MICs obtained by different methods with those produced by the proposed reference method (BM), we used the mean differences calculated according to Bland and Altman’s method. Comparison of fluconazole MICs obtained by BM and AD-Cas yielded a mean difference of 3, and the percentages of agreement within ±2 dilutions were 98 and 100% at 24 and 48 h, respectively. For ketoconazole and itraconazole MICs, lower mean differences were noted, and agreement ranged from 96 to 100%. Agreement between the AD-RPMI and BM results was poor for all azoles, and an increase in MICs was always observed between the 1st- and 2nd-day readings. Similarly, Etest-Cas gave better agreement with BM than did Etest-RPMI for all the azoles. BM, AD-Cas, and Etest-Cas each demonstrated a progressive increase in fluconazole MICs against strains isolated sequentially from a given patient, in accordance with the decreased clinical response to fluconazole.

Biological Activity of Ethanolic Leaves Extract Lantana camara Against Cabbage Catterpillars for Environmentally Biopesticides

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Melanie ◽  
Wawan Hermawan ◽  
Hikmat Kasmara ◽  
Azka Hayyuna Kholifa ◽  
Fakhru Rozi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Disc ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Choice Test ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Minimum Effective Concentration ◽  
Organic Extract ◽  
Bioassay Test ◽  
Parametric Statistics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Performance

Chemical insecticides that have been relied upon to control cabbage catterpillars have become the main cause of pest resistance, high residues in crop products and decreased biodiversity of natural enemies in the environment. Active ingredients of plants plays an important role in providing opportunities for the development of a plant extracts, particularly applied for agriculture using the organic extract as bioinsecticide. This paper reports the ethanolic leaves extraction of L. camara  against  the C. pavonana and S. litura larvae which are the main pest on cabbage plants in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to evaluate the antifidan performance of ethanolic leaves extract to C. pavonana and S. litura larvae. The extract was prepared by maceration and evaporation and followed by antifeedant bioassay test. The antifeedant test was used leaf disc deep method with choice and no choice test to find out the effective minimum concentration on feeding detterent activity.  The mean leaf area consumed  were analyzed by using non parametric statistics of Mann-Whitney U. The results showed that the antifeedant minimum effective concentration of ethanolic leaves extract L. camara to C. pavonana larvae at 2000 ppm (choice test) and 1000 ppm  (no choice test) in consider as medium antifeedant categori, to S. litura larvae  at 500 ppm (choice test) and performance antifeedant in consider as medium antifeedant categori.

scholarly journals Pyridines and Pyrimidines Mediating Activity against an Efflux-Negative Strain of Candida albicans through Putative Inhibition of Lanosterol Demethylase

2004 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ed T. Buurman ◽  
April E. Blodgett ◽  
Kenneth G. Hull ◽  
Daniel Carcanague
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ergosterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Ergosterol Synthesis ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Sterol Profile ◽  
Lanosterol Demethylase

ABSTRACT The first step in ergosterol biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of the condensation of two acetyl coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) moieties by acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase, encoded by ERG10. The inhibition of the sterol pathway results in feedback activation of ERG10 transcription. A cell-based reporter assay, in which increased ERG10 transcription results in elevated specific β-galactosidase activity, was used to find novel inhibitors of ergosterol biosynthesis that could serve as chemical starting points for the development of novel antifungal agents. A class of pyridines and pyrimidines identified in this way had no detectable activity against the major fungal pathogen Candida albicans (MICs > 64 μg · ml−1). However, a strain of C. albicans lacking the Cdr1p and Cdr2p efflux pumps was sensitive to the compounds (with MICs ranging from 2 to 64 μg · ml−1), suggesting that they are efficiently removed from wild-type cells. Quantitative analysis of sterol intermediates that accumulated during growth inhibition revealed the accumulation of lanosterol at the expense of ergosterol. Furthermore, a clear correlation was found between the 50% inhibitory concentration at which the sterol profile was altered and the antifungal activity, measured as the MIC. This finding strongly suggests that the inhibition of growth was caused by a reduction in ergosterol synthesis. The compounds described here are a novel class of antifungal pyridines and pyrimidines and the first pyri(mi)dines to be shown to putatively mediate their antifungal activity against C. albicans via lanosterol demethylase.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial activity of essential oils of Juniperus phoenicea from North Western Algeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 01
Author(s):  
G. Bachir Raho ◽  
M. Otsmane ◽  
F. Sebaa
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Variable Degree ◽  
Juniperus Phoenicea ◽  
Test Organisms ◽  
Western Algeria

Juniperus phoenicea (Family: Cupressaceae) is an evergreen tree widely distributed in North Africa including Algeria. The aim of this investigation was to analyse the antimicrobial potential of essential oils from J. phoenicea on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia, Streptococcus sp, Bacillus sp and Candida albicans using wells and discs diffusion methods. Broth dilution method was utilized to study the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC). The results showed a variable degree of antimicrobial activity. The diameters of inhibition zones for all test organisms were in the ranges of 7–21 mm, while MIC was from 62.5 to >500µl/ml and MBC from 250 to >500µl/ml. The highest antimicrobial activities were observed against Gram positive bacteria followed by Gram negative ones then Candida albicans. The findings provide the evidence that J. phoenicea as a good medicinal plant for further investigations. 

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Bundung Plants Extract by Dilution Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-154
Author(s):  
Noval Noval ◽  
Iwan Yuwindry ◽  
Dahlia Syahrina
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Screening Test ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Convincing Data ◽  
Plants Extract

Bundung plants (Actinuscirpus Grossus) are widely spread in Borneo and used by society empirically as antimicrobials. Nevertheless, the use of Bundung plants as traditional medicine has not been equipped with convincing data, because there is no research that is related to the plants. In order to the use of the plants accountable, it is necessary to conduct research about phytochemical screening studies and tests the antimicrobial activity of ethanol extract of Bundung plants to staphylococcus aureusandEschericia Coli bacteria. Moreover, extraction does with maceration method. Secondary metabolite groups which are contained in the ethanol extract of Bundung plants were determined qualitatively using several of phytochemical reagents. The result of phytochemical screening test showed that ethanol extract of Bundung plants contains a group of secondary metabolites; namely flavonoid, tannin, saponin, phenolic, steroid and terpenoid. The method that was used to test antimicrobial activity to Staphylococcus aureusandEschericia Coli bacteria was a liquid dilution method with variations in extract concentration of 0,5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% by considering at the clarity of each sample. The result of antimicrobial activity of liquid dilution to bacteria had inhibition at all concentrations and the biggest inhibitory activity was shown at concentration 8% with the clearest level and the MIC grade of the test is at a concentration of 1%. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that ethanol extract of Bundung plants has the potential of activities of an antimicrobial, especially from secondary flavonoid metabolites.

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