Electric Conductivity and Power of Hydrogen Value of Processed Seawater Using a Distillation Tool

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Muliyadi Muliyadi ◽  
Idayani Sangadjisowohy
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Data Processing Software ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Distillation Equipment

Water pollution in the coastal areas of Ternate has shown a serious increase. It can be seen from the amount of garbage and the appearance of water turbidity in areas near residential areas. Based on a preliminary study, several residents behind the mountain also complained about the brackishness of their wells due to seawater intrusion. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the distillation method on decreasing the value of electrical conductivity and power of hydrogen (pH) in seawater. This research is an experimental study with a post-test only group control design with a sample of 10 litres of liquid waste from three places, namely Muara Maliaro, Muara Pasar Sayur, Muara Pelabuhan Besar. The results of this study were processed using data processing software with paired T-test and Wilcoxon. The average value of DHL in samples 1, 2, 3 after distillation was carried out successively was 116 mhos/cm, 109.33 mhos/cm, 109.66 mhos/cm. The average pH value in samples 1, 2, 3 after distillation in all samples have shown normal values ​​with an average of  7. There is a difference in the DHL value before and after distillation with the Sig value (2-tailed), which is <0.05. There is a different pH value before and after distillation with the Sig value (2-tailed) <0.05. Distillation equipment can reduce the value of electrical conductivity and pH in seawater.

scholarly journals PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN VAK (VISUALISASI, AUDITORI, KINESTETIK) TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR PAI PADA SISWA DI SDN TLOGOMULYO TEMANGGUNG

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-64
Author(s):  
Kartika Hartanti
Keyword(s):  
Learning Model ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Class V ◽  
Learning Achievement ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference

This study aims to determine the effect of the application of VAK learning model on the learning achievement of PAI in class V Tlogomulyo Waterford Elementary School. This study was a quasi-experimental study (quasi-experimental). Subjects in this study consisted of 26 students of class V. The data was collected using VAK learning guidelines, test learning Islamic education, observation, documentation, and interviews. The validity of the instrument showing of 10 items proved to be valid all, are the results of the analysis show the reliability coefficient of 0.710 and otherwise reliable. Analysis of the data used in the form of comparative analysis using t-test. The results showed that there are significant implementation VAK learning model significantly to the learning outcomes of Islamic education. It can be seen from the difference in learning achievement Islam shortly before and after the given method VAK, the t value of 0.828 and significance level (p) of 0.05. In addition, an increase in the average acquisition value before application of VAK learning model (pre-test = 71.9) and after application of VAK learning model (post-test = 87.3). This shows an increase in the average value of 15.4. By looking at the difference in the score of the pre test and post test, shows that the VAK learning model is a model of effective learning for learning PAI.

scholarly journals THE IMPLEMENTATION OF GIVING AROMATERAPY LEMONS AND GINGER DRINKS TO REDUCE EMESIS GRAVIDARUM ON PREGNANT WOMEN TRIMESTER I IN BPM YUSIDAH EDWARD PALEMBANG IN 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Rosmiarti Asmar ◽  
Aminah Maya ◽  
Cica Novitasari
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
The Body ◽  
Nausea And Vomiting ◽  
Pharmacological Treatments ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Experiment Research ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

Many pregnant women experience emesis gravidarum in the first trimester. Nausea vomiting can be treated with pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments, one of which is aromatherapy lemon which has an effect on the inhaler, such as calmness and freshness of the body so that it can reduce nausea and vomiting. In addition, ginger drinks also include non-pharmacological drugs, ginger has a fragrant aroma that can refresh the body ,and the oloresin can warm the body so that it can reduce nausea vomiting. The aim of this study is to find out the application of lemon aromatherapy and ginger drinks to reduce emesis gravidarum in pregnant women and to find out the frequency distribution before and after the application of aromatherpy lemon and ginger drinks to reduce emesis gravidarum trimester I. The method of this study was a one group pre-post-test pre-experiment research and used the Wilcooxon test statistic test. This study obtained interviews through direct observation sheets. The results of administration were given to 15 respondents of lemon aromatherapy and 15 respondents of ginger drinks done twice a day for 3 to 7 days. The amount of nausea and vomiting was taken through average value before and after administration of lemon aromatherapy and ginger drinks. The conclusion of this study is that Aromatherapy lemon and ginger drinks were proven to reduce emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women in Yusidah Edward Palembang BPM in 2018. Hopefully there are some researches that related to other kinds of aromatherapy that useful for pregnancy

scholarly journals Perbedaan pH saliva sesudah konsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisinDifferences in the salivary pH after consumption of Thompson seedless raisin

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Ayu Vidya Putri ◽  
Sri Tjahajawati ◽  
Ame Suciati Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
P Value ◽  
Thompson Seedless ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Salivary Ph ◽  
Before And After

Pendahuluan: Kismis Thompson seedless raisin (Vitis vinifera sultanina) mengandung fruktosa dan glukosa yang dapat meningkatkan rangsang manis. Rangsang manis akan meningkatkan sekresi saliva yang berpengaruh pada pH saliva. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan pH saliva sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin. Metode: Jenis penelitian eksperimental semu dengan analisis statistik uji Wilcoxon. Jumlah sampel 38 mahasiswa Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran berusia 18-24 tahun. Pengukuran pH saliva dilakukan sebelum dan sesudah mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin. Hasil: Nilai rata-rata pH saliva sebelum mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin adalah 6,87 dan sesudah mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin adalah 7,20. Analisis statistik menunjukan peningkatan pH saliva yang  bermakna (p-value < 0,05) antara sebelum dan sesudah mengonsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin. Simpulan: Terdapat peningkatan nilai pH saliva sebelum dan sesudah konsumsi kismis Thompson seedless raisin.Kata kunci: Kismis Thompson seedless raisin, pH saliva. ABSTRACT Introduction: Thompson seedless raisin (Vitis vinifera sultanina) contains fructose and glucose which can increase sweet stimulation bud. Sweet stimulation will increase salivary secretion which affects the salivary pH. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the salivary pH before and after consumption of Thompson seedless raisin. Methods: This research type was quasi-experimental research with Wilcoxon test statistical analysis. The number of samples was as much as 38 dentistry students from Universitas Padjadjaran aged 18 – 24-years-old. Measurement of the salivary pH was performed before and after consuming Thompson seedless raisin. Result: The average value of salivary pH before consuming Thompson seedless raisin was 6.87 and after consuming Thompson seedless raisin was 7.20. Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the salivary pH (p-value < 0.05) before and after consuming Thompson seedless raisin. Conclusion: There was a significant increase in the salivary pH value before and after consumption of Thompson seedless raisin.Keywords : Thompson seedless raisins, salivary pH.

scholarly journals Metode Image Streaming dalam Pembelajaran Menulis Sajak

LOKABASA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-203
Author(s):  
Renaldi Rusmana ◽  
Haris Santosa Nugraha
Keyword(s):  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Learning Material ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Writing Ability ◽  
Average Value ◽  
School Year ◽  
Poetry Writing ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Image Streaming

Over time, students consider learning Sundanese in school increasingly difficult, especially in writing poetry learning material. The purpose of this study was to describe students poetry writing abilities before and after using the Image streaming method and the difference in students poetry writing abilities before and after using the Image Streaming method. This study uses a quantitative approach, the method used is quasi-experiment with one group pre-test and post-test research design, and the technique used is poetry writing ability test. The data source of this research is the ability to write poetry of class VII-E students at SMP 2 Lembang in the 2018-2019 school year, with 34 students. The results of this study show that: (1) the ability of students to write poetry before using the Image Streaming method with an average value of 57.56; (2) the ability of students to write poetry after using the Image Streaming method with an average value of 72.88; (3) differences in students poetry writing ability before and after using the Image Streaming method with an average initial ability score of 57.56, final ability of 72.88, then the average value of students poetry writing ability has increased by 15.32. Hypothesis test results show a significance value = 0,000. Based on the results of hypothesis testing, the value of Sig. 0,000 is smaller than 0.05, meaning H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. Therefore, it can be concluded that the use of the Image Streaming method can improve the poetry writing ability of VII-E class students at SMPN 2 Lembang in the 2018-2019 school year. AbstrakSeiring berjalannya waktu, siswa menganggap pembelajaran bahasa Sunda di sekolah semakin sulit, khususnya dalam materi pembelajaran menulis sajak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan menulis sajak siswa sebelum dan setelah menggunakan metode Image Streaming dan perbedaan kemampuan menulis sajak siswa sebelum dan setelah menggunakan metode tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, dengan metode kuasi eksperimen disertai desain one group pre-test and post-test. Teknik yang digunakan adalah teknik tes dengan menggunakan soal tes kemampuan menulis sajak pada siswa kelas VII-E di SMP Negeri 2 Lembang pada tahun ajaran 2018/2019. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) kemampuan menulis sajak siswa sebelum menggunakan metode Image Streaming dengan rata-rata nilai 57,56; (2) kemampuan menulis sajak siswa setelah menggunakan metode Image Streaming dengan rata-rata nilai 72,88; (3) perbedaan kemampuan menulis sajak siswa sebelum dan setelah menggunakan metode Image Streaming dengan rata-rata nilai kemampuan awal 57,56, kemampuan akhir 72,88, maka rata-rata nilai kemampuan menulis sajak siswa mengalami peningkatan sebesar 15,32. Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukan nilai signifikansi = 0,000. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis, nilai Sig. 0,000 lebih kecil dari 0,05, artinya H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Oleh sebab itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode Image Streaming dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menulis sajak siswa kelas VII-E di SMP Negeri 2 Lembang taun ajaran 2018-2019.

scholarly journals PENGARUH LATIHAN AEROBIK TERHADAP FORCED VITAL CAPACITY (FVC)PRIA DEWASA DENGANOVERWEIGHT

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ester Florencia Sagay ◽  
Hedison Polii ◽  
Herlina I. S. Wungouw
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Mean

Abstract: Changes to respiratory function due to regular aerobic exercise will affect the value of pulmonary function, especially in Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). This research aimed to determine the effect of aerobic exercise on FVC overweight male students of Unsrat Medical Faculty. This research is analytic with design experimental, one group pre and post test design. The sampling technique used is non-purposive sampling technique. The research sample was taken from the students of the Faculty of Medicine 2009, Univercity of Sam Ratulangi who fulfill the inclusion criteria. Some 32 students were selected as research subjects. After giving informed consent, FVC measurement was done with the spirometer. After it was measured, they were given treatmen in the form aerobic exercise using a stationary bike for three weeks with frequency of exercise three times a week and exercise intensity for 30 minutes. We measured again FVC values after the exercise three times program. Normality test data showed significance for FVC value before treatment by 0.752, and after treatment by 0.912. Comparison of the average value before and after exercise were tested by using a paired test. Significant value for FVC is P = 0.084, means there is no significant difference between FVC values before and after exercise (P> 0.05). The mean FVC was 3.88 before treatment and after treatment the mean value was 4.00, an increase in the average value of 0.11. Conclusion:Aerobic Exercise on a regular basis using a stationary bike on the overweight male student can improve lung function in particular the mean FVC but there was no significant difference from the mean value. Keywords: FVC, Aerobic Exercise, Overweight.   Abstrak: Perubahan fungsi pernapasan karena latihan aerobik secara teratur akan mempengaruhi nilai fungsi paru khususnya Forced Vital Capacity (FVC). Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan aerobik terhadap FVC mahasiswa pria Fakultas Kedokteran Unsrat dengan berat badan lebih.Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan rancangan eksperimental one grup pre and post test design. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik non purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil dari Mahasiswa Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sam Ratulangi Angkatan 2009.Sejumlah 32 orang mahasiswa terpilih sebagai subjek penelitian dan dilakukan pengukuran FVC dengan Spirometer.Setelah itu diberikan perlakuan berupa latihan aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis selama tiga minggu dengan frekuensi latihan tiga kali seminggu dan intensitas latihan selama 30 menit.Selanjutnya dilakukan pengukuran kembali nilai FVC sesudah program latihan.Uji normalitas data menunjukkan nilai signifikansi untuk FVC sebelum perlakuan sebesar 0.752, dan sesudah perlakuan sebesar 0.912. Perbandingan nilai rata  rata  sebelum dan sesudah latihan diuji dengan menggunakan uji t berpasangan.Nilai signifikan untuk FVC adalah P = 0.084, berarti tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna antara nilai FVC sebelum dan sesudah latihan (P > 0.05) .Nilai rerata FVC sebelum pelakuan adalah 3,88  dan nilai rerata sesudah perlakuan adalah  4,00,  terjadi penigkatan nilai rerata sebesar 0,11.Simpulan:Latihan Aerobik menggunakan sepeda statis secara teratur dapat meningkatkan nilai rerata fungsi paru khususnya FVC tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna dari nilai rerata tersebut. Kata Kunci: FVC, Latihan Aerobik, Berat Badan Lebih (Overweight).

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TENTANG KPSP (KUESIONER PRA SKRINING PERKEMBANGAN) DENGAN PENGETAHUAN GURU KB TK TENTANG KPSP

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-123
Author(s):  
Nurun Nikmah ◽  
Lidia Aditama Putri ◽  
Novi Anggraeni ◽  
Rizqy Aulia Savitri ◽  
Rina Arfandiyah
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Kindergarten Teachers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The KPSP (Pre-Development Screening Questionnaire) examination which is carried out for early detection of growth and development of children aged 0-72 months is actually not only the task of health workers, but also people who often interact with children, one of which is Playgroup and Kindergarten teachers. But unfortunately, it’s very rare for these playgroup and kindergarten teachers to understand and carry out KPSP examinations for their students. This study aims to analyze the relationship of health education about KPSP with the knowledge of playgroup and kindergarten teachers about KPSP. It was pre-post test design, the sample werw taken randomly by simple random sampling on 33 playgroup and kindergarten teachers at Permata Hati Bangkalan and Taman Posyandu Eforbia Bangkalan. The data were analyzed using paired T-test with a significance of =0.05 using SPSS. The results showed that there was a relationship between health education about KPSP with the knowledge of Plygroup and Kindergarten teachers about KPSP (p value < 0.001). The average value of teachers knowledge about KPSP has increased before and after health education, from 49.39 to 62.88. It can be concluded that educational activities through health education are effective in increasing the knowledge of Playgroup and Kindergarten teachers about KPSP.

scholarly journals CLINICAL AND LABORATORIAL RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEW TOOTHPASTE WITH HYALURON-TI FORTE COMPLEX

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Tat'yana Elovicova ◽  
Elena Ermishina ◽  
Svetlana Ssablina ◽  
Sergey Griroriev ◽  
Anatoly Koshchev
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Chemical Characteristics ◽  
Optical Parameters ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mixed Saliva

Subject. Physical-chemical characteristics of the toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra Whitening and structural and optical parameters of mixed saliva before and after volunteer brushing. Objectives. To evaluate physical-chemical characteristics of the new therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra Whitening together with changes in structural and optical parameters of the effected mixed saliva. Methodology. The composition and properties of the new therapeutic and prophylactic toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra Whitening are studied based on the results of physical and chemical analysis of three aqueous solutions (prepared with different concentrations) by measuring pH value, calcium ion concentration, electrical conductivity and surface tension. The study involved 32 student volunteers of both sexes (men — 11, women — 21) from the Ural State Medical University Faculty of Dentistry between the ages of 21 to 23 who were comprehensively examined including structural and optical parameters of mixed saliva before and after brushing. Results. The average pH value is 7.91±0.01, the increased calcium ion (Са2+) level is found up to 2.25 mmol/l in all three aqueous suspensions (р≤0.05). Electrical conductivity of suspensions is found to be increased and surface tension is found to be reduced uniformly with the increase in mass fraction (р≤0.05). Conclusion. The study of physical-chemical characteristics of the toothpaste Dentaswiss Extra showed positive changes in pH values, electrical conductivity and surface tension promoting the increased remineralizing properties of mixed saliva (р≤0.05).

scholarly journals Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu PKK dan Kader Posyandu RW 022 Teluk Pucung, Bekasi Utara dalam Penerapan Gema Cermat (Gerakan Masyarakat Cerdas Menggunakan Obat)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-888
Author(s):  
Elly Wardani ◽  
Rizky Arcinthya Rachmania
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Drug Management ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Community Environment ◽  
Adequate Information ◽  
The Family ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Used Goods

EMPOWERMENT OF PKK WOMEN AND POSYANDU CADRE OF RW 022 TELUK PUCUNG, NORTH BEKASI IN THE APPLICATION OF GEMA CERMAT (INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USING MEDICINE). Until now in the midst of society often encountered various problems in the use of drugs, including lack of understanding of the use of appropriate and rational drugs, excessive use of over-the-counter drugs, and a lack of understanding of how to store and dispose of drugs properly. While health workers are still perceived as lacking adequate information about drug use.  This is based on the appropriateness of data and information sources collected through visits and good discussions with several representatives of PKK women members and Posyandu Cadres RW 22 Teluk Pucung, North Bekasi. There are still many found, especially North Bekasi residents who sell or exchange used drugs to collectors of used goods in their residential areas or there are still many people who store liquid preparations such as syrup in the refrigerator. The purpose of this activity is to increase understanding of the treatment of drugs in how to get, use, store and dispose of and increase the rational use of drugs through Gema Cermat. The method of activities to solve the problems faced by PKK women and Posyandu cadres is by socializing about the Gema Cermat by filling out the questionnaire before and after the socialization. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test questionnaires, the participants became more aware of the management of drugs at home and increased knowledge of the use of rational drugs such as antibiotics. The conclusion of this activity is to increase participants’ understanding of drug management properly and is expected to be implemented in the family and community environment.

scholarly journals Implementasi Media Flash Card Dalam Meningkatkan Penguasaan Kosakata Bahasa Arab

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miftakhul Falah Islami ◽  
Miftakhul Falah Islami
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Average Grade ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Field Notes ◽  
Classroom Action Research ◽  
Academic Year ◽  
Cycle Class

 This study aims to determine the implementation of flash card media in improving Arabic vocabulary mastery. This research is included in classroom action research. The subjects of this study were students of class X IIS 2 Muhammadiyah 5 High School in Yogyakarta academic year 2017/2018. The method used to collect data is observation, tests, documentation, and field notes. The results showed an increase in vocabulary mastery after the use of flash card as a learning medium. The increase can be seen from the pre-test value and the post-test value. The average value of the first cycle class between pre test and post test showed an increase in value of 48 points from the average grade of 30 points in the pre test to 78 points in the test post. so that it can be seen that there is an increase in Arabic vocabulary mastery before and after the action. The increase has not been significant because the average grade is still below the indicator of success. And the average grade in the second cycle between pre-test and post-test shows an increase in value of 70 points from the average grade of 15 points in the pre-test to 85 points in the post-test value. Keywords: Media Flash Card, Arabic Vocabulary

scholarly journals Thermal imaging evaluation of the felines paw pad temperature before and after walking: A pilot study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Zhou ◽  
Y Song ◽  
M Wang ◽  
UC Ugbolue ◽  
Y Gu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Imaging Evaluation ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

The purposes of this pilot study were to explore the temperature changes of the paw pads in healthy cats before and after a 6-min walking test (6MWT), and to further compare the accuracy of the point and line region of interest (ROI) selection methods of the thermal imaging. Five healthy intact cats were recruited and trained to run on the treadmill, and to keep still during the standing phase on a glass panel when capturing thermographic imaging data. The paw pad temperature was recorded using a thermal camera and then analysed using both the point and line ROI before and after the 6MWT. The symmetry index (SI) between the limbs (left and right) was further calculated. Compared to the baseline, there were significant increases in the paw pad temperature of the forelimbs (point of left P &lt; 0.001, point of right P = 0.048, point of average P = 0.002, line of left P &lt; 0.001, line of right P = 0.007, line of average P &lt; 0.001), hindlimbs (point of left P &lt; 0.001, point of right P &lt; 0.001, point of average P &lt; 0.001, line of left P &lt; 0.001, line of right P &lt; 0.001, line of average P &lt; 0.001), and average value after the 6MWT both using the point and line ROI selection methods. However, there is no temperature difference between the point and line ROI either before or after the 6MWT. In addition, no difference in the SI was found between the baseline and post-test or between the point and line ROI. These results preliminarily indicated that a 6WMT and thermal imaging could be a good combination for further clinical practices to recognise lameness or any other gait disabilities in cats, and both the point and line ROI selection methods can be considered when analysing thermographic data.

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