scholarly journals The sensitivity of herbaceous plants to light Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 173-181
Author(s):  
Magdolna Dani ◽  
Péter Molnár ◽  
Anna Skribanek
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Light Pollution ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Erigeron Annuus ◽  
Bud Breaking ◽  
Effect Of Light

Plants living near street lights in temperate zones are good examples of the effect of light pollution with a marked shift in leaf fall and bud breaking. Low intensity light (light pollution) is not sufficient for photosynthesis, but can cause changes in many physiological processes, moreover, it can have a disrupting effect on the plant and its connected ecosystem. In this study, physiological effects of light pollution on leaf morphology, leaf anatomy, and photosynthesis were investigated in the herbaceous species Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. and Fallopia x bohemica (Chrtek et Chrtková) J.P. Bailey under conventional HPS and LED illumination. In our experience, HPS lamps supported the photosynthetic activity of the studied species, the growth of palisade tissue cells. Light pollution of LED lamps reduced net photosynthesis in both species compared to non-light-polluted leaves.

scholarly journals Improvement of the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) through foliar application of a nitrophenolate–based biostimulant

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 01009
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kocira ◽  
Agnieszka Sujak ◽  
Tomasz Oniszczuk ◽  
Agnieszka Szparaga ◽  
Mariusz Szymanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Reported Study

Application of biostimulants instigates many physiological processes that enhance nutrition efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and quality traits of crops, regardless of their nutrient content. One of such preparations is Atonik which contains nitrophenol compounds naturally occurring in plant cells. Several studies have confirmed its beneficial effect on the growth, development, and improved metabolic activity of plants. Therefore, it seems advisable to investigate the effect of Atonik preparation on the photosynthetic activity of Moldavian dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.). The reported study was carried out in 2014 in Perespa, Poland. Over the growing season, Atonik was foliar-applied at a dose of 0.3 L/ha (0.1%) and 0.6 L/ha (0.2%) by single and double spraying of plants. Chlorophyll content and nitrogen status (N) were estimated by a Chlorophyll Meter SPAD-502 Plus. The foliar application of Atonik was found to improve the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus and chlorophyll content in the leaves of Dracocephalum moldavica plants, but the results were dependent on biostimulant concentration and number of its applications, and on the date of measurement. To conclude, Atonik is an environmental-friendly preparation which has a positive impact on the metabolic processes of plants.

scholarly journals Effect of biostimulants on dry matter accumulation and gas exchange in plantain plants (Musa AAB)

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-160
Author(s):  
Diana Mateus-Cagua ◽  
Gustavo Rodríguez-Yzquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Vegetative Phase ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Positive Effect

Biostimulants can potentially improve plant growth and development, modifying physiological processes. This study evaluated the effect of four biostimulants on the growth of ‘Hartón’ plantain plants and the leaf gas exchange during the vegetative phase. This experiment was developed on a plantain farm’s nursery in Fuente de Oro (Colombia) with a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The treatments were the biostimulants: Bactox WP®: Bacillus subtilis (Bs); Baliente®: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Ba); Tierra Diatomeas®: silicon dioxide (Si); Re-Leaf®: salicylic acid (SA) and the control (water). All products had a positive effect on the accumulation of total dry matter (DM) (between 58.4 and 21.9%) and on the photosynthetic activity (a maximum of 110 and 24.3% in first and second evaluation), as compared to the control, while no differences were found (P>0.05) for the foliar emission rate and chlorophyll content between the treatments. The plants treated with Bs had the greatest DM accumulation at the end of the study and a constant, high photosynthetic activity. All the while Bs, Ba and Si managed to stimulate greater early photosynthetic activity. According to the results, the use of these biostimulants during the vegetative phase had an effect on the physiological processes that enhance DM accumulation in plantain plants, which could be potentially useful for the transplanting stage and increase the reserves used during their establishment and development in the field.

scholarly journals Effect of Light Quality and Microbiological Inoculum on Geranium (Pelargonium zonale L.) Gas Exchange Parameters

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Barbara SCHROETER-ZAKRZEWSKA ◽  
Klaudia BOROWIAK ◽  
Agnieszka WOLNA-MARUWKA
Keyword(s):  
Blue Light ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Gas Exchange Parameters ◽  
Pelargonium Zonale ◽  
Effective Microorganisms ◽  
Effect Of Light

Geranium plants were cultivated in a growth chamber with different light quality and microorganism inoculation conditions. The long-term effect of irradiance quality (LED and fluorescent) as well as two types of microorganism treatments on photosynthetic activity parameters was examined. The maximum reached values of net photosynthesis rate (PN), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were afterwards measured in plants cultivated under six colours of light – white, white-blue, blue, red, red-blue and green – emitted by two types of lamp: LED and fluorescent. Two types of microorganism treatments were used: BAF1 created in the Department of General and Environmental Microbiology and the commonly used Effective Microorganisms (EM) biopreparation. A highest level of PN were found in plants after cultivation under white-blue light (both – fluorescent and LED) and treated by BAF1. The positive effect of EM was only noted in the case of plants cultivated under blue-red fluorescent light. Considering plants without microbial inoculation the highest levels were recorded in plants under red and blue light. The comparison of the effect of light quality revealed that in all colours a higher or similar level of net photosynthetic rate was noted in plants under LEDs. Mostly the higher photosynthetic activity was connected with higher stomatal opening as well as with higher transpiration rate, which is especially true for plants cultivated under red and blue LED light.

Comparative Studies on Xanthoria Parietina, a Pollution Resistant Lichen, and Ramalina Duriaei, a Sensitive Species. I. Effects of Air Pollution on Physiological Processes

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 355-365 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Silberstein ◽  
B. Z. Siegel ◽  
S. M. Siegel ◽  
A. Mukhtar ◽  
M. Galun
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
Severe Damage ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Air Contaminants ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Xanthoria Parietina ◽  
Clean Air

AbstractXanthona parietina thalli were collected from a ‘clean-air’ location and from a polluted area. Ramalina duriaei thalli were collected from the same ‘clean-air’ location and some thalli were transplanted to air polluted locations, where R. duriaei no longer occurs. The effects of air contaminants on these two lichens were compared under controlled laboratory conditions and in field experiments. Air contaminants and exposure to bisulphite ions had little or no damaging effect on X. parietina, whereas severe damage was caused to R. duriaei, as judged by chlorophyll degradation, autofluorescence of photobionts, photosynthetic activity, membrane integrity and ATP content. The different responses presented confirm the sensitivity of R. duriaei and resistance of X. parietina to air pollution.

Physiological effects of plasmid DNA transformation on Azotobacter vinelandii

1986 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baernard R. Glick ◽  
Heather E. Brooks ◽  
J. J. Pasternak
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Azotobacter Vinelandii ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Broad Host Range ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Dna Transformation ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Broad Host Range Plasmid

Genetic transformation of Azotobacter vinelandii by the introduction of broad-host-range plasmid DNA (i.e., pRK2501, RSF1010, or pGSS15) causes a number of physiological changes. As shown here, the capacity for nitrogen fixation, mean cell size, and synthesis of siderophores are decreased, whereas the production of capsular slime is enhanced. These findings suggest that the presence of plasmid DNA imposes a "metabolic load" on Azotobacter vinelandii. Therefore, it cannot be assumed a priori that the introduction of plasmid DNA into Azotobacter vinelandii will not disrupt some normal physiological processes. The implications of these findings are discussed, specifically in the context of developing Azotobacter vinelandii as an effective bacterial fertilizer by genetic manipulation.

scholarly journals Fiziološki odziv žlahtne vinske trte Vitis vinifera L. na okužbo z zvijanjem listov vinske trte povezanih virusov (GLRaV-1 in GLRaV-1 + GLRaV-3)

2016 ◽  
Vol 107 (2) ◽  
pp. 519
Author(s):  
Melita Štrukelj ◽  
Jaka RAZINGER ◽  
Barbara GRUBAR ◽  
Uroš ŽIBRAT ◽  
Irena MAVRIČ PLEŠKO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Similar Reduction ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Leafroll Disease

Grapevine leafroll disease is one of the most severe viral diseases of grapevine caused by Grapevine leafroll-associated viruses (GLRaVs). Physiological processes were monitored on grapevines with single (GLRaV-1) and mixed (GLRaV-1 and GLRaV -3) viral infection under greenhouse conditions from June to September, in vegetation period 2014. In the mid of the season (July) negative effects of the virus infections on physiological processes were more severe in mixed than in single infection. The net-photosynthesis (Pn) of the leaves infected with GLRaV-1 and GLRaV-3 reached only a half of the Pn in GLRaV-1 infected grapevines. Similar reduction was found for stomatal conductance, transpiration and parameters related to photochemical efficiency (electron transport rate).

scholarly journals Environment, Photosynthesis, and Adventitious Rooting of Manchurian Lilac Cuttings Propagated in Overhead Mist, Submist, and Combination Systems

HortScience ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olivia Sanchez ◽  
Stephanie E. Burnett ◽  
Bryan J. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Vapor Pressure Deficit ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Stem Cuttings ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Combination System ◽  
Terminal Buds

We propagated manchurian lilac (Syringa pubescens subsp. patula ‘Miss Kim’) vegetatively from stem cuttings using overhead mist, submist, and combination propagation systems. Cuttings were collected when terminal buds were already set, after the period of tender growth that is optimal for lilac propagation. Net photosynthesis (Pn) was recorded to assess whether differences in rooting could be attributed to differences in photosynthetic activity of cuttings within each system. The propagation environment differed significantly among systems, with vapor pressure deficit (VPD) substantially greater for submist systems than for overhead mist or combination systems, and root zones warmer in submist and combination systems than in overhead mist. Pn of cuttings did not differ among systems and was initially low, but increased about when the first root primordia were visible. Rooting percentages were 90% among cuttings in the combination system, with cuttings in overhead mist and submist rooting at lower, but similar, percentages (68% and 62%, respectively). Cuttings in the combination and submist systems produced significantly more and longer roots than those in the overhead mist system, and retained nearly all of their leaves. Overall, the use of systems that provide intermittent mist to the basal end of each cutting was effective for propagating manchurian lilac. Our results demonstrate that cuttings in submist alone experience a much greater VPD than those in overhead mist, but may nonetheless root at comparable percentages and produce superior measures of root system quality. Combination systems show promise for rooting of species like manchurian lilac, because cuttings rooted at high percentages and with consistent root system quality, despite having been collected after the optimal spring period for lilac propagation.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of Vicia faba to copper toxicity

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
S. Benouis ◽  
H.A. Reguieg Yssaad ◽  
E.H. Bouziani ◽  
I. Khedim
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Stress Indicator ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Excess Copper ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Different Doses

Abstract. Copper plays an important role in multiple plant physiological processes including photosynthesis and protein synthesis. Excess copper in tissues leads to physiological and biochemical disturbances. In order to determine the physiological response of Vicia faba L. to copper toxicity, two varieties (Sidi Aïch and Super Aguadulce) were grown in a substrate of sand and compost (3V/V) and contaminated by different doses of Cu (0, 80, 160, 240, 320, 400 mg kg-1). Dose rates ≥160 mg kg-1 led to the accumulation of copper in roots and shoots, in turn leading to decreases in photosynthetic activity and protein content and to the accumulation of proline, a stress indicator, and soluble sugars.

scholarly journals PRODUKTIVITAS PRIMER PERAIRAN DANAU SIBILI KECAMATAN TAWAELI, KOTA PALU, SULAWESI TENGAH

Biocelebes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 244-252
Author(s):  
Agus salim Al-Bandjari ◽  
Asri Pirade Paserang
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
A Value ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Central Sulawesi

The research "Primary Productivity of Lake Sibili of Tawaeli District, Palu City, Central Sulawesi" was carried out from January to February 2019. This study aims to determine the primary productivity of waters and the physical and chemical parameters of Lake Sibili and as a first step in the use of Lake Sibili sustainable. This study was carried out using the method of oxygen light bottles and dark bottles. The results of the research have shown that station III has the highest net photosynthesis with a value of 1.875.0 mgC/m3/day (Table 2) this is caused by the temperature and pH of the station is relatively high which has an average temperature of 30.3 oC and average pH - 7.6 so that this can increase the rate of photosynthetic activity by phytoplankton while the lowest net photosynthetic value is at station I with a value of 812.4 mgC/m3/day which has a relatively lower temperature and pH compared to other stations which have an average temperature average of 28.9 oC and average pH 7. so that based on primary productivity values obtained during the study, the waters of the lake Sibili can be categorized as Eutrophic waters.

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