scholarly journals The problem of increasing the capacity of mobile communication channels and possible solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103
Author(s):  
Andrey S. Tyutyunik ◽  
◽  
Alexey A. Badashev ◽  
Vladimir S. Gurchenko ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Human Head ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Cellular Radio ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Millimeter Wavelength ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
A Cell

In this paper the problem of the growing demand for increasing the capacity of communication channels is considered, using the example of real statistical data of the current mobile operator, and the search for possible ways to solve this issue. The analysis of the distribution of electromagnetic fields and SAR for a three-layer model of the human head when interacting with a cell phone is carried out. The results obtained allow us to conclude that it is impossible to significantly increase the capacity of mobile terminals. The increase in power is accompanied by a significant increase in the spatial peak SAR, which exceeds the value recommended by international standards. As an alternative, the main directions and developments for raising the energy potential in the fifth generation 5G cellular radio channels in the millimeter wavelength range have been identified.

Assessment of ambulance services performance by queuing theory, at the Center for Disaster and Emergency Management: A descriptive-analytical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 469-478
Author(s):  
Mehdi Nasr Isfahani, MD ◽  
Azar Niknam, PhD Student ◽  
Mahoobeh Doosti-Irani, PhD Student
Keyword(s):  
Call Center ◽  
Queuing Theory ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Arrival Time ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Average Duration ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Admission Process ◽  
The City

Background: The emergency departments of the hospitals and emergency medical services (EMSs) centers have a critical role for providing urgent medical care for patients. The statistical data of the present study were provided by the EMS headquarters of the city of Isfahan, from August to November 2017. Results: The findings showed that on average, 210 missions were accomplished each day by the emergency call center, with an average duration of about 53 minutes, for each mission. In addition, the average time for response time (the time between a call and dispatch of the ambulance) was less than 3 minutes, and the average time for arrival time (the time between request of ambulance and the arrival to the scene) was 8.1 minutes. Adequacy of current number of ambulances and staff is evaluated.Conclusion: Considering an average of 8.1 minutes for arrival time, we conclude that the EMS of Isfahan is within an acceptable range, compared to the international standards. In fact, it is shown that the infrastructures of EMS system including ambulance fleets, staff, and equipment are sufficient, and as an effective step for reducing the total time of the mission, the EMS has to operate seamlessly with the patient’s admission process in hospitals. Information such as workload hours, availability of resources and staff, etc. ought to be shared between the EMS and the hospital.

Research on: Cell printer using light irradiation Coral reef regeneration & restoration using biomedical techniques

Impact ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-56
Author(s):  
Masato Ueda
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Light Irradiation ◽  
University Faculty ◽  
Research Projects ◽  
Know How ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
A Cell ◽  
The Right

In research it can be hard to know how one discovery can be used in unrelated fields. This is why basic research and collaboration are such essential components of science. Without a constant well of ideas and knowledge to draw from and the necessary communication channels to pass on these ideas many advances simply would not be possible. These channels rely on institutions that encourage collaboration and place their researchers in positions to build networks and work together, but they also require the right individuals who are able to follow the trail of their work into new areas. These individuals, who are not afraid to try new things, work with new partners and jump through the doors that open throughout their careers are the backbones of large, multi-disciplinary research projects. Professor Masato Ueda, based at the Kansai University Faculty of Chemistry, Materials and Bioengineering is one such individual. Ueda is currently involved in two research projects; one developing a cell printer that relies on light irradiation and the second focused on exploring coral reef regeneration and restoration using biomedical techniques.

scholarly journals ҚАЗАҚСТАНДАҒЫ DIGITAL-МАРКЕТИНГТІҢ ДАМУ ЕРЕКЕШЕЛІКТЕРІ

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Г. НАКИПОВА ◽  
Р. СЫЗДЫКОВ
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Digital Marketing ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current State ◽  
Electronic Channels

В данной статье исследуется современное состояние Digital-маркетинга в Казахстане. Digital-маркетинг – это продвижение товаров и услуг через информационные и электронные каналы, такие как телевидение, интернет, социальные сети и т.д. Основная цель применения digital-маркетинга связана с расширением числа возможных каналов коммуникации с клиентами. Авторами проведен анализ методов и инструментов Digital-маркетинга, на основе которого были выявлены проблемы развития Digital-маркетинга в Казахстане. В процессе исследования использовались экономико-статистические методы, а также сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ статистических данных. Бұл мақалада Қазақстандағы digital-маркетингтің қазіргі жағдайының ерекшеліктері көрсетілген. Digital-маркетинг - бұл тауарлар мен қызметтерді ақпараттық және электронды каналдар, мысалы теледидар, интернет, әлеуметтік желілер және т.б. арқылы жылжыту. Digital маркетингтің басты мақсаты - тұтынушылармен байланыс арналарын кеңейту. Мақала авторлары digital-маркетингтің әдістері мен құралдарын талдады, сол анализ негізінде Қазақстанда digital-маркетингтің дамуының негізгі проблемалары анықталды. Зерттеу барысында экономикалық және статистикалық әдістер, сондай-ақ статистикалық мәліметтерді салыстырмалы талдау анализы қолданылды. This article highlights the features of the current state of Digital Marketing in Kazakhstan. Digital marketing is the promotion of goods and services through information and electronic channels such as television, the Internet, social networks, etc. The main purpose of digital marketing is to expand the number of possible communication channels with customers. The authors analyzed the methods and tools of Digital marketing, and the main problems of the development of Digital marketing in Kazakhstan were identified on its basis. In the course of the research, we used economic and statistical methods, as well as a comparative analysis of statistical data.

scholarly journals Working Documents of an Auditor and the Quality Control of Financial Reporting Made up on Foreign Investor’s Demand

2018 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
V. P. Bondar
Keyword(s):  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Internal Control ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Foreign Investor ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Administrative Personnel ◽  
Section Report

Specifics of using the working documents of an auditor when auditing the financial reporting made up on external user (foreign investor) demand are highlighted. It is demonstrated by statistical data that the foreign investment in Ukraine has been growing. It follows that investors need to have confidence that the financial information used by them for making decisions on the allocation of capital is authentic and reliable, which means that a foreign investor needs high quality audit. The abovementioned increases the responsibility of an auditor for the quality of audit conclusions made by the audit results. The commonly accepted quality criterion of audit is the requirements of the International Standards on Auditing (ISA) 2015, adopted in Ukraine as national ones. As ISA do not offer specific examples regarding the format of the auditor’s working documents, a practical example is taken to demonstrate the method for quality assurance of an auditor task using check lists (working documents) in the auditing practice. An example of check list and list to the company’s administrative personnel (the customer’s administration) on the audit results is shown. The list to the customer’s administration consists of the two parts: the address to administration and the section “Report on essential comments and defects identified in the process of audit”. This section reveals the auditor’s observations on the internal control and accounting system. An example of working document “cross control”, which is used in forming the auditor’s opinion and ensures the comparability of data obtained by an auditor, is given. Being the basis for forming the auditor’s opinion, the working documents of an auditor, once unified, will reduce the labor intensity of audit procedures. It is demonstrated that the standardized working documents allow for higher quality of audit and foreign investor’s confidence.

scholarly journals Main Dependences between Gender, Financial Status and Indicators Predicting Purchase of Mobile Products and Services in Bulgaria

2021 ◽  
Vol 120 ◽  
pp. 04005
Author(s):  
Lyubomira Spasosva
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Financial Status ◽  
Statistical Data Processing ◽  
Mobile Operator ◽  
Correlation Analyses ◽  
Favorable Group

The present study was conducted in order to establish the main relationships between gender and financial status on indicators influencing the purchase of a mobile operator. Basic indicators for measuring consumer behavior are derived, applying analysis of variations, ANOVA, and correlation analyses to check the strength of indicators influence. According to the results of statistical data processing, two groups were identified: the most favorable group for influence – young women who are financially disadvantaged, and one on which it is difficult to achieve advertising impact of mobile operator. The practical applicability of the study is significant, as mobile operators in Bulgaria can have a much more successful impact on the group with a higher propensity to try new, specific products, as well as those who declare greater confidence in a mobile company, built through the influence of advertising.

Computer simulation of human head irradiation by a cell phone field

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.E. Drach ◽  
A.A. Litvinenko ◽  
V.A. Solovyev
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Absorption Coefficient ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Cell Phone ◽  
Human Head ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Specific Absorption Coefficient ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Cell Phone Radiation

Communication systems are developing at an incredible speed. This also applies to mobile communication systems, which today are among the most important telecommunication systems operating at microwave frequencies. Working mobile phones are sources of non-ionizing radiation near the head or body. Despite the fact that the average person spends several conversations on a cell phone every day, the issue of the impact of radiation on health has not yet been fully studied. Simulate the effect of cell phone radiation on biological tissues of the human body, in particular on the head. Two computer models of the human head have been built. Computer simulation of the effect of cell phone radiation on biological tissues of the human body has been performed. An important feature of the model is the presence of layers with different parameters. The layers correspond to real biological tissues (skin, adipose tissue, muscle, skull and brain). A study of the field distribution in the volume of the human head, induced by a working mobile phone, is presented. The specific absorption coefficient was determined. Shown is the thermal effect caused by exposure to radiation from a mobile phone. In the case of the multilayer model, lower values of the specific absorption coefficient were obtained, which can be explained by the use of a more accurate computer model. It became possible to graphically represent the propagation of electromagnetic waves through the head model. The temperature distribution over the surface and in the volume of the human head is illustrated.

scholarly journals Experimental Evaluation of the Availability of LoRaWAN Frequency Channels in the Czech Republic

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 940
Author(s):  
Vojtěch Novák ◽  
Michal Stočes ◽  
Tereza Čížková ◽  
Jan Jarolímek ◽  
Eva Kánská
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Precision Agriculture ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Communication Channels ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sensor Devices ◽  
Lower Success Rate

LoRaWAN communication allows you to create IoT (Internet of Things) solutions across many disciplines. A specific field of application is precision agriculture, which demands this technology mainly due to the fact that it is possible to create low power sensor devices with it. However, in densely populated areas, a lower success rate of message delivery can be observed on some communication channels. For example, this can have an impact on urban agriculture projects. After performing an experiment and analytical–statistical data processing using the Geographic Information System (GIS) tool ArcGIS Insights, it was shown that the success of message delivery on the basic LoRaWAN channel (868.3 MHz) is lower than for the others. Therefore, to ensure higher reliability and thus energy savings, it is appropriate to optimize the use of frequency channels.

scholarly journals A Novel Group Paging Control Method for Massive MTC Accesses in LTE Networks

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Wang ◽  
Chengqiang Wei ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Wenfeng Ma ◽  
Hui Tian
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Collision Probability ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Lte Networks ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Shared Channel ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Group Paging

Abstract The fifth-generation (5G) systems have to deal with massive deployment of machine-type-communication (MTC) devices. System overload may occur during a random access (RA) procedure under a limited number of preamble resources and physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) resources especially when there exist massive MTC devices in a cell. In order to resolve the system overload (caused by the massive MTC deployment), the 3GPP proposed the adopted a group paging (GP)-based uplink access technique. But its performances dramatically decrease as the number of MTC devices increases. In this paper we propose a novel method, named ACB-based group paging overload control method (AGO). To reduce the number of simultaneous access MTC devices, AGO first scatters the MTC devices over a GP interval, and then automatically adjusts ACB parameters according to the load conditions. By doing so, AGO achieves high-channel access probability for MTC devices. Simulation results show that this method is superior to the GP and Pre-backoff (PBO) mechanisms in terms of success and collision probability, average access latency and resource utilization rate.

scholarly journals Current trends in Russia’s cooperation in the global organic market (legal aspects)

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 07020
Author(s):  
Olga Grigorieva
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Data ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
World Market ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Industrial Complex ◽  
Complex Products ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
The World

The article analyzes trends in the development of Russian legislation aimed at ensuring Russia’s competitiveness in the world market of organic producers. Questions of compliance of Russian legislation on organic matter with international standards of FAO UN are studied. Analysis of statistical data from the Russian Ministry of agriculture and the National organic Union showed a sharp decline in exports of agro- industrial complex products in 2020 compared to 2017-2019. This is happening against the background of rapid development of the global organic market. Modern trends of state regulation to overcome the decline in exports and their impact on Russia’s place in the world organic market are studied.

scholarly journals Chemical, physical and thermal characterization of wood pellets from different compositions

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Bruno Silva Camargo ◽  
Aldo Braghni Junior ◽  
Sâmique Araujo Camargo ◽  
José Cláudio Caraschi
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Gaseous Emissions ◽  
Wood Pellets ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Renewable Biomass

Pellets are characterized by renewable biomass and may be an option for replacing fossil fuels. The objective of this paper is to analyze and compare a set of pellets of different compositions, based on their physical, chemical and thermal characteristics for energy purposes, comparing them against international standards. To this end, the international standards SS187120 (Swedish), ONORM M7135 (Austrian), DIN 51731 (German) and the official standards recommended by the Pellets Fuel Institute (PFI) (United States) were used as reference for the parameters analyzed. Three types of pellets were analyzed: Pinus ssp. with 15% in mass of charcoal fines (P1), Pinus ssp. (P2) and Eucalyptus ssp. (P3). The analyses carried out indicated that the P1 pellets had the greatest higher heating value (20.52 MJ.kg-1). With regard to moisture content, mechanical durability and bulk density, all pellets achieved the quality parameters. Regarding the gaseous emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), some of the pellets presented values higher than the CONAMA standard. As for NOX emissions, they presented values below the standard and there were no emissions of SO2. Thus, it can be observed that the different types of pellets analyzed had a high energy potential according to the Austrian standard ONORM M7135.

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