scholarly journals Risk Factors of Body Mass Index (BMI), Age of Menarche, Parity and Hormonal Contraception of Genu Osteoarthritis in Female Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Alisiya Alisiya ◽  
Sulistiawati Sulistiawati ◽  
Patricia Maria Kurniawati ◽  
RR Indrayuni Lukitra Wardhani
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Age Of Menarche

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative disease related to joint cartilage and commonly occurs in the knee joint. The 2013 National Survey recorded the prevalence of joint diseases in East Java was 26.9%. OA affected more women than men due to the estrogen and caused disabilities in many women. This study aimed to find the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI), age of menarche, parity, and the use of hormonal contraceptives against OA in genu at Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya. This was an analytic observational study with a case-control approach. Data collection was carried out through a short interview using a questionnaire. The sample size was calculated using a formula and found that the study required 42 patients with OA in the case group and 42 patients without OA in the control group. The case group was dominated by patients with 56-60 years old age (62.1%), BMI 23-24.9 kg/m2 (58.7%), menarche age 12-13 years (53.6%), multiparous (52.6%), having contraception pill usage history (62.3%) particularly using combination pills (60.5%) with a mean duration of use > 1 year (56.8%). There was a relationship between BMI and type of hormonal contraceptive used against genu OA in female patients at Universitas Airlangga Hospital Surabaya.

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Relationship of Body Mass Index with Allergic Rhinitis

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
SS Bist ◽  
Sanjeev Bhagat ◽  
Himanshu Kala
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Allergic Rhinitis ◽  
Clinical Study ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Patients ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
High Bmi

ABSTRACT Objectives Although the association between obesity and bronchial asthma (BA) has been gaining more attention, few studies have been conducted concerning the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and other allergic diseases. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between allergic rhinitis (AR) and BMI. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study. Two hundred and ten patients of AR (138 males and 72 females) and 424 healthy controls were included in the study. The BMI of patients and controls were calculated and correlated. Results The percentage of AR patients with a low BMI was 9.5%, whereas 57.6% had a normal BMI; 21% were preobese and 9.5% were obese. In the control group, 48.6% subjects had normal BMI range followed by preobese 21.2%, underweight 20.3%, and obese 9.9%. Among the overweight (preobese+ obese) category, the maximum number of subjects belonged to cases, i.e., 32.8% with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.91-1.07). Thus, AR was not associated with high BMI. Among the underweight, the maximum number of subjects belonged to the control group, i.e., 20.3% with an OR of 2.13 (95% CI 1.24-3.68). Thus, AR had no relationship with lower BMI also. It was also observed that more of the female patients (18, 29.1, and 12.5% were underweight, preobese, and obese respectively) had deranged BMI than male patients (5.3, 20.2, and 7.9% were underweight, preobese, and obese respectively). A relative risk of 1.124 (95% CI 1.01-1.23) and 1.04 (95% CI 0.95-1.13) was present in female patients with low and high BMI respectively, which is statistically significant (p = 0.0008). Conclusion It was concluded that BMI was not associated with increased prevalence of AR. Among the underweight and overweight, AR was more common in females than in males. Thus, BMI had a significant association with AR among female patients. Overall, BMI had no significant association with AR. How to cite this article Kala H, Bhagat S, Varshney S, Bist SS. A Clinical Study of Relationship of Body Mass Index with Allergic Rhinitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(1):33-36.

scholarly journals Association between Hormonal Contraception and Injuries Induced by Human Papillomavirus in the Uterine Cervix

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (04) ◽  
pp. 196-202
Author(s):  
Lia Volpato ◽  
Isabela Siqueira ◽  
Rodrigo Nunes ◽  
Anna Piovezan
Keyword(s):  
Human Papillomavirus ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Outpatient Service ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Intraepithelial Lesions

Objective To evaluate the association between hormonal contraception and the appearance of human papillomavirus HPV-induced lesions in the uterine cervix of patients assisted at a school outpatient clinic - ObGyn outpatient service of the Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina. Methods A case-control study, with women in fertile age, performed between 2012 and 2015. A total of 101 patients with cervical lesions secondary to HPV were included in the case group, and 101 patients with normal oncotic colpocytology, in the control group. The data were analyzed through the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, IBM Corp. Armonk, NY, US) software, version 24.0, using the 95% confidence interval. To test the homogeneity of the proportions, the chi-square (χ2) test was used for the qualitative variables, and the Student t-test, for the quantitative variables. Results When comparing the occurrence of HPV lesions in users and non-users of combined oral contraceptives (COCs), the association with doses of 0.03 mg or higher of ethinylestradiol (EE) was observed. Thus, a higher probability of developing cervical lesions induced by HPV was identified (odds ratio [OR]: 1.9 p = 0.039); and when these cases were separated by the degree of the lesion, the probability of these patients presenting with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was 2.1 times higher (p = 0.036), but with no impact on high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and the occurrence of invasive cancer. No significant differences were found in the other variables analyzed. Conclusion Although the results found in the present study suggest a higher probability of the users of combined hormonal contraceptives with a concentration higher than 0.03 mg of EE to develop low-grade intraepithelial lesions, more studies are needed to conclude causality.

The influence of the body mass index (BMI) on selected parameters of the coagulation system in patients with disorders of the balance system taking oral contraceptives

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Bielińska ◽  
Joanna Urbaniak ◽  
Krzysztof Kuśmierczyk ◽  
Jurek Olszewski ◽  
Piotr Pietkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Oral Contraceptives ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
The Body ◽  
Coagulation System ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptives ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Balance System ◽  
Estradiol Concentration

Introduction: The objective of the paper is to evaluate the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on selected parameters of the coagulation system in patients with disorders of the balance system taking oral contraceptives. Material and methods: 105 young women participated in the study who were divided into 2 groups. Group I: 52 women disorders of the balance system taking hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, between the age of 20–49; Group II: 53 women with no disorders of the balance system taking hormonal contraceptives for at least 2 months, between the age of 18–40. Patients entering the study underwent full otoneurological examination, detailed laryngological assessment and the examination of selected parameters of the hemostasis system, including the evaluation of fibrinogen and D-dimer levels, APTT and PT, estradiol and progesterone concentrations in the blood serum and evaluation of the body mass index (BMI). Results: Central vertigo was the most common type of vertigo in the study group (59,6% of cases). Other vertigo types in this group included compensated vertigo of mixed origin (36,6% of cases) and peripheral vertigo (only 3,8% of cases), which indicates that 40.4% of the cases suffer from damage to the labyrinth. The analysis of the concentration of estradiol in the blood serum revealed, after consideration of a menstrual cycle phase, that estradiol concentration exceeded normative values significantly more often in the study group than in the control group and that estradiol concentration was significantly less frequently below the norm in the study group; the difference was statistically significant (p=0,048). The body mass index (BMI) of women participating in the study significantly correlated with the concentration of D-dimers only in the study group (p=0,35 vs p=0,012). Conclusions: Evaluating the body mass index before administering hormonal contraception can be useful to eliminate other risk factors for thromboembolism. In order to prevent potential thromboembolism episodes, administering hormonal contraception only after lowering the body mass index may also be worth considering.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN USIA MENARCHE DENGAN KEJADIAN ENDOMETRIOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Sri Purwati Puji Lestari ◽  
Jimmy Yanuar Annas ◽  
Juniastuti Juniastuti
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Uterine Surgery ◽  
Gynecological Disease ◽  
Age Of Menarche

AbstrakLatar belakang : Endometriosis adalah penyakit ginekologi yang bersifat menahun dan progresif dengan angka kejadiannya mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun namun penyebabnya sebagian besar masih belum diketahui. Usia menarche adalah salah satu faktor resiko yang berhubungan dengan kejadian endometriosis. Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara usia menarche dengan kejadian endometriosis di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. Metode : Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik retrospective dengan pendekatan case control. Kelompok kasus adalah wanita yang telah menjalani operasi kandungan dengan hasil Patologi Anatomi menunjukkan endometriosis dan kelompok kontrol adalah pasien wanita yang telah menjalani operasi laparaskopi MOW (Metode Opetratif Wanita). Sampel yang diambil sebanyak 70 responden (35 kasus, 35 kontrol) selama periode tahun 2017-2018 dengan teknik purposive sampling berdasarkan kriteria inklusi.. Analisa data menggunakan uji chi square pada tingkat kemaknaan α 0,05. Hasil : Responden dengan endometriosis sebagian besar mengalami menarche pada usia 12-13 tahun (62,9%). Usia menarche tidak memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan kejadian endometriosis (p=0,484). Kesimpulan: Tidak ada hubungan antara usia menarche dengan kejadian endometriosis di Rumkital Dr. Ramelan Surabaya. AbstractBackground: Endometriosis is a chronic and progressive gynecological disease with an increased incidence every year but the cause is largely unknown. Age of menarche is one of the risk factors associated with the incidence of endometriosis. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between age of menarche the incidence of endometriosis in Dr. Ramelan Hospital Surabaya. Method: This was a retrospective analytic study with a case control approach. The case group was women who had undergone uterine surgery with Anatomical Pathology results showing endometriosis and the control group were women who had undergone laparoscopic tuba ligation. 70 respondents (35 cases, 35 controls) taken during the period of 2017-2018 with a purposive sampling technique based on inclusion criteria. Analyzed data used chu square test at significant level of α 0,05. Results: Most respondent who got endometriosis had menarche at 12-13 years old (62.9%). The age of menarche had no significant association with the incidence of endometriosis (p = 0.484). Conclusion: We found no association between age of menarche and the incidence of endometriosis with the incidence of endometriosis in the Dr. Ramelan Hospital Surabaya. 

scholarly journals Serum leptin and body mass index in a sample of Egyptian multiple sclerosis patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Abd Elhafeez ◽  
Dina A. Zamzam ◽  
Mohamed M. Fouad ◽  
Hala M. Elkhawas ◽  
Hend A. Abdel Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Degree Of Disability ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Abstract Background The adipose tissues release pro-inflammatory cytokines such as leptin that can be considered a link between obesity and autoimmunity. This study aimed to investigate a possible correlation between BMI, serum leptin, and multiple sclerosis (MS). Methods This case-control study recruited consecutively 169 patients from our MS Unit and 50 healthy controls. Clinical history and examination with Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scoring were done for all patients. Calculation of body mass index (BMI) and measurement of serum leptin level were done for patients and controls. Results The case group had significantly higher BMI (mean of 26.85 ± 6.06 versus 19.55 ± 1.62; P < 0.001) and higher serum leptin levels (median [IQR] of 280 pgm/ml [175–525] versus 102.5 pgm/ml [80–125]; P < 0.001) compared to the control group. Serum leptin levels did not have a correlation with either disease activity or degree of disability. Conclusions MS patients had significantly higher BMI and higher serum leptin levels compared to controls.

scholarly journals Anthropometric Parameters in Asthmatic Children and the Relationship of Childhood Asthma with Height, Weight and Body Mass Index

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nasrin Bazargan ◽  
Shokouh Hamidifar ◽  
Ali Khalouei ◽  
Gholamreza Sedighi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Good Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Asthmatic Children ◽  
And Control

Background: Asthma as a chronic disease may affect the growth process. The aim of this study was to investigate the anthropometric indices in 2-18 years old children with asthma and compare them with the control group. Patients and Methods: In a case-control study, 150 asthmatic children with age of 2-18 years as case group and 300 age- and sex-matched healthy children as control group were randomly included. The height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) of both group measured by the standard method and Z score was calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS, chi-square and analysis of variance. Results: Totally, 290 boys (64.4%) and 160 girls (35.6%) with mean age of 6.58±2.82 years were evaluated. Case group had significantly lower height compared to the healthy control group (117.00±0.17 cm vs. 121.00±0.15 cm respectively, P=0.025). No significant differences were detected in weight (23.13±9.75 kg vs. 24.62±10.36 kg, P=0.145) and BMI (16.32±3.10 kg/m2 vs. 16.28±3.16 kg/m2, P=0.900) between case and control groups, respectively. There were no significant relationships between normal and abnormal Z scores of height, weight and BMI in case and control group (P>0.05). Conclusion: Despite 4 cm difference between the age of two groups, no differences in height, weight ad BMI between two groups may be due to good control of the disease in the case group or lack of significant growth related effect of asthma.

scholarly journals Preterm birth is not associated with asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection per se: Pre-pregnancy state is what matters

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0254875
Author(s):  
Stefano Cosma ◽  
Andrea Roberto Carosso ◽  
Jessica Cusato ◽  
Fulvio Borella ◽  
Marco Carosso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chronic Hypertension ◽  
The Real ◽  
Significant Difference

Evidence for the real impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on preterm birth is unclear, as available series report composite pregnancy outcomes and/or do not stratify patients according to disease severity. The purpose of the research was to determine the real impact of asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection on preterm birth not due to maternal respiratory failure. This case-control study involved women admitted to Sant Anna Hospital, Turin, for delivery between 20 September 2020 and 9 January 2021. The cumulative incidence of Coronavirus disease-19 was compared between preterm birth (case group, n = 102) and full-term delivery (control group, n = 127). Only women with spontaneous or medically-indicated preterm birth because of placental vascular malperfusion (pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications) were included. Current or past SARS-CoV-2 infection was determined by nasopharyngeal swab testing and detection of IgM/IgG antibodies in blood samples. A significant difference in the cumulative incidence of Coronavirus disease-19 between the case (21/102, 20.5%) and the control group (32/127, 25.1%) (P= 0.50) was not observed, although the case group was burdened by a higher prevalence of three known risk factors (body mass index > 24.9, asthma, chronic hypertension) for severe Coronavirus disease-19. Logistic regression analysis showed that asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection was not an independent predictor of spontaneous and medically-indicated preterm birth due to pregnancy-related hypertension and its complications (0.77; 95% confidence interval, 0.41-1.43). Pregnant patients without comorbidities need to be reassured that asymptomatic/mild SARS-CoV-2 infection does not increase the risk of preterm delivery. Preterm birth and severe Coronavirus disease-19 share common risk factors (i.e., body mass index > 24.9, asthma, chronic hypertension), which may explain the high rate of indicated preterm birth due to maternal conditions reported in the literature.

scholarly journals PENGARUH INDEKS MASSA TUBUH (IMT) TERHADAP KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA WANITA USIA SUBUR (WUS) DI WILAYAH PUSKESMAS PULO BRAYAN MEDAN TAHUN 2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Debora Lestari Simamora ◽  
Heru Santosa ◽  
Sorimuda Sarumpaet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Chi Square

Berdasarkan data Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan bahwa jumlah penderita hipertensi selama 3 tahun terakhir mengalami peningkatan. Tahun 2014  jumlah penderita hipertensi 378 orang, tahun 2015 sebanyak 384 orang, dan  tahun 2016 sebanyak 394 orang. Dari 394 penderita  hipertensi tersebut, sebanyak 214 orang adalah WUS Banyak faktor yang diduga menjadi penyebab hipertensi pada WUS, salah satunya indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh indeks massa tubuh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada WUSPenelitian ini adalah penelitian analitik dan bersifat kuantitatif dengan rancangan kasus kontrol (case control). Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 8.547 orang dan sampel diperoleh sebanyak 166 orang yang dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, masing-masing 83 orang. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, analisis bivariat dengan chi-square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (=0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks massa tubuh kelompok kasus dalam kategori obesitas (69,9%), pada kelompok kontrol, responden yang obesitas (7,2%). Variabel indeks massa tubuh (IMT) berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada WUS di wilayah Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan, p < 0,05. Disarankan kepada Kepala Puskesmas Pulo Brayan Medan untuk menginformasikan kepada WUS agar menjaga pola makan dan melakukan gaya hidup sehat serta melakukan pemeriksaan tekanan darah secara rutin di puskesmas agar diketahui  sejak dini komplikasi lain yang dapat menyertai  peningkatan tekanan darah. Based on data from the Medan Pulo Brayan Puskesmas that the number of hypertensive sufferers over the past 3 years has increased. In 2014 there were 378 people with hypertension, in 2015 there were 384 people, and in 2016 there were 394 people. Of the 394 people with hypertension, 214 people are WUS. Many factors are thought to be the cause of hypertension in WUS, one of them is body mass index (BMI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of body mass index on the incidence of hypertension in WUS. This study is an analytical and quantitative study with a case control design. The study was conducted in the area of Pulo Brayan Puskesmas Medan. The study population was 8,547 people and the sample was 166 people divided into 2 groups, 83 people each. Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate analysis with chi-square with a confidence level of 95% ( = 0.05). The results showed that the body mass index of the case group was in the obesity category (69.9%), in the control group, respondents were obese (7.2%). Body mass index (BMI) variable influences the incidence of hypertension in WUS in the Pulo Brayan Puskesmas area, p <0.05. It is recommended to the Head of the Pulo Brayan Medan Puskesmas to inform WUS to maintain a healthy diet and lifestyle and to carry out routine blood pressure checks at the puskesmas so that other complications can be identified early on that can accompany an increase in blood pressure.

scholarly journals Body mass index, serum rheumatoid factor and c-reactive protein among individuals with rheumatoid arthritis in Kano Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-67
Author(s):  
Isah Suleiman Yahaya
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Rheumatoid Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Percentage Frequency ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
The Mean

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is becoming a global health menace associated with joints swelling, pain, stiffness, and progressive loss of function of extremities etc. This study aimed at evaluating the Body Mass Index (BMI), Serum Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) among RA Patients in Kano Metropolis. Methods: A total of 111 participants comprising 74 Rheumatoid Arthritis patients and 37 apparently healthy controls were recruited for this study. Exactly 29 were males while 44 were females aged between 25 to 75 years. Using standard techniques, BMI was calculated using the weight and height taken from the participants. Blood samples were collected for serum RF and CRP and were analysed using Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 21 was used for the analysis of data. Results: Our findings reveal that, females recorded higher percentage frequency of 45 (60.8%) while males recorded a lower percentage frequency of 29(39.2%) of RA patients with the ratio of 1.55:1, the higher percentage frequencies of 35(47.3%) was observed in overweight BMI patients of between 25- 29.9 kg m-2. The mean serum value of RF was significantly (p = 0.00) higher in case group (4.4 ±1.5 ng/ml) compared with the control group (2.0 ±1.5 ng/ml) and also the mean serum value of CRP was significantly (p = 0.00) higher in case group (13.0 ±5.0 mg/L) compared with the control group (5.5±5.0 mg/L). A significant positive correlation was established between serum RF and CRP (r = 0.48, p=0.00). Conclusion: Our findings show increased RF and CRP in RA case group. Quantitative evaluation of immunological parameter such as RF, CRP and BMI monitoring may aid in proper management of RA patients.

scholarly journals The Effect of Hormonal Contraception on Body Mass Index among Women in Reproductive Age

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Widya Kusumawati ◽  
◽  
Lely Khulafa’ur Rosidah ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Birth Control ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Hormonal Contraception ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Hormonal Contraceptive ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional

ABSTRACT Background: Hormonal contraception is still a popular contraceptive method for most women. More than six million women worldwide use the injectable hormonal contraceptive method. The hormones estrogen and progesterone contained in hormonal birth control can affect the increase of sodium and fluids. This will affect the fat layer and appetite which will cause weight gain, thus impacting body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to determine the effect of hormonal contraception on BMI. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ngampel village, Mojoroto District, Kediri, East Java, in June – July 2019. The total of 30 women in reproductive age were selected using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was the use of hormonal contraception. the dependent variable was BMI. The data were collected by questionnaire then analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The use of hormonal contraception was increased the BMI among women in reproductive age. Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception can give an effect on BMI. Sometimes, woman body should be given the opportunity to rest using non-hormonal birth control. Keywords: family planning, hormonal contraception, body mass index Correspondence: Widya Kusumawati. Dharma Husada Kediri Academy of Midwifery. Jl. Coverage No 41 A Kediri City. Email: [email protected]. Mobile: 085722223910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.20

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