scholarly journals Formulation of Essential Oils as Mosquito Repellent

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-79
Author(s):  
Dwi Setyaningsih ◽  
Fitriana Roselly ◽  
Neli Muna
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Insect Repellent ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Complex Chemical ◽  
Color Density

Essential oil has complex chemical substances with a lot of benefit, one of them is as mosquitoe or insect repellent. This research aims to find out the best essential oil formula for mosquito repellent. Essential oils that used in this research are citronella, lemongrass, cajeput, and lavender oil. Essential oils are characterized by its color, density, refractive index, and solubility in alcohol. The essential oil colors met the SNI which was pale yellow to clear yellow, the density was 0.8125 - 0.9114 g/ml, the refractive index was 1.4568-1.4665 and soluble in alcohol. The essential oil mixture resulted in 7 series of formula, namely series A1-A5, B1-B5, C1-C5, D1-D5, E1-E5, F1-F5, and G1-G5. The organoleptic test performed on all formula showed that the preferred formula was the formula E3, G3, and F3. All preferred formula were carried out repellent tests against mosquitoes to determine the effectiveness of the oil mixture in Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) carrier. The result showed that E3 was more effective repellent compare to F3 and G3 formulas, because it has protection value more than 90% until fourth-hour.

scholarly journals ESSENTIAL OILS OBTAINED FROM EUCALYPTUS AND CYMBOPOGON LEAVES BY STEAM DISTILLATION FOR MAKING NATURAL MIXTURE HAVING EFFECT AS A MOSQUITO REPELLENT

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (6A) ◽  
pp. 236
Author(s):  
Ba Van Nguyen ◽  
Tran Thi Kieu Ngân ◽  
Nguyen Thi My Ngoc ◽  
Ngo Nguyen Thuy Hang ◽  
Nguyen Thi Ngoc Chau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Preliminary Treatment ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Eucalyptus Oil ◽  
Eucalyptus Leaves ◽  
Natural Mixture ◽  
Eucalyptus Essential Oil

Abstract-HCTN7. Natural essential oils of plant have been applied over the world becausef these biosafety natural compounds. Applicant levels from the steaming pot among the common people to the raw essential oils or pure extract essence from original natural sources for making special products. Eucalyptus essential oil obtains from Eucalyptus leaves contain 998 mg/L α-eucalyptol, Cymbopogon essential oil obtains from lemon grasses contain 64,8% citral. These essential oils have been paid attention because of there were abundant raw materials in the Mekong Delta area. Therefore, the study was conducted to aim of extracting essential oils from Eucalyptus and Cymbopogon leaves as well as examminate their effect on mosquito repellent. The factors affecting the amount of extracted oils are the time to withered materials (0 h; 2.5 h; 5 h), how the way to preliminary treatment of the materials (crushing or without crushing), the distilled water aidding (400 mL, 500 mL, 600 mL)/300g materials, the distillation time (2 h; 2.5 h; 3 h). The data was evaluated by statistical program. Mixing ratio of Cymbopogon oil: Eucalyptus oil: coconut oil, one of the important criteria to be investigated for evaluating the ability to repel mosquitoes is in turn (40:10:50), (35:15:50), (30:20:50). Experimental results reveal that crushing (Cymbopogon), without crushing (Eucalyptus) of fresh materials, 500 mL of distilled water aidding, 3 h of distillation time were the best during the oil extraction process. The contents of mixing formula of the Cymbopogon essiential oil: Eucalyptus essiential oil: coconut oil (40: 10: 50) is the most effective with the ability to falling mosquitoes only after 5 minutes and killing 84.67% mosquitoes after 24 hours. The natural mixture of Cymbopogon oil, Eucalyptus oil, and coconut oil, safety for human health and more friendly to the environment.Keywords: Coconut oil, Eucalyptus essential oil, Eucalyptus leaves, Cymbopogon essential oil, Cymbopogon leaves, mosquito repellent, steam distillation.Classification numbers:1.4.6.

scholarly journals PEMBUATAN SABUN CAIR BERBASIS VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) DENGAN PENAMBAHAN MINYAK MELATI (Jasminum sambac) SEBAGAI ESSENTIAL OIL

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asri Widyasanti ◽  
Anisa Yanthy Rahayu ◽  
Sudaryanto Zein
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Jasminum Sambac

Minyak kelapa murni merupakan minyak dengan kandungan asam laurat yang tinggi. Asam laurat ini berfungsi untuk menghaluskan dan melembabkan kulit. Sehingga VCO cocok dijadikan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan sabun. Sabun yang dibuat dalam penelitian ini menggunakan penambahan minyak atsiri melati yang mampu meningkatkan kualitas pada sabun cair. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sabun cair, mencari penambahan konsentrasi minyak atsiri melati yang tepat dalam pembuatan sabun cair dan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan minyak atsiri melati terhadap karakteristik sabun cair. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini konsentrasi minyak atsiri melati adalah dengan penambahan sebesar A = 0% (b/v), B = 1% (b/v), C = 1,5% (b/v), dan D = 2% (b/v) dari 300 gram basis sabun. Parameter pengamatan meliputi sifat kimia, sifat fisik sabun dan uji organoleptik. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa semua formula sabun cair memenuhi persyaratan berdasarkan SNI sabun padat 06-4085-1996. Formula sabun cair dengan perlakuan D merupakan produk terbaik dengan hasil uji organoleptik kesukaan secara umum adalah 50%. Hasil analisis sabun transparan pada perlakuan D adalah kadar alkali bebas bebas 0,0079%, nilai pH 8,93, bobot jenis 1,0509 dan angka lempeng total 0. Sehingga teknologi proses pembuatan sabun cair dengan penambahan minyak atsiri melati selanjutnya dapat dikembangkan dan diaplikasikan pada skala industri. Kata kunci: Sabun cair, Virgin Coconut Oil, Minyak Atsiri Melati

scholarly journals PENGARUH MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN JERUK PURUT (Citrus hystrix) TERHADAP DINDING SEL BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Opstaria Saptarini ◽  
Ismi Rahmawati
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil ◽  
Light Yellow Color

Kaffir lime leaves essential oil has activity to inhibit bacterial growth. The mechanism of the inhibition is thought to be located in thebacterial cell wall. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial work location of kaffir lime leaf essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Kaffir lime leaves were distilled by steam distillation, essential oils obtained were identified by organoleptic quality, evaporation, solubility in alcohol, refractive index and specific gravity. The results were compared under with the literature. The results of essential oils were made with various concentrations of 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, 3.13, 1.56, 0.73, 0.39, and 0.20%. The results of the concentration series were tested for antibacterial activity with the macrodilution method followed by the determination for the location of bacterial growth inhibition using the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The yield of kaffir lime leaf essential oil was 0.82%. The observation of organoleptic essential oil has a light yellow color, the distinctive odor of kaffir lime, a liquid form, and distinctive lime taste. Refractive index examination resulted 1.454; specific gravity 0.8317, and soluble in 70% ethanol with a ratio of 1:1. The Minimum BactericidalConcentration (MBC) obtained from the antibacterial activity test was 6.25%. Kaffir lime leaves essential oil mechanism occurred in the cell walls and cell membranes of Staphylococcus aureus. 

Chemical Composition and Repellent Activity against Mosquito Aedes Aegypti of Pelargonium radula, Syzygiumaromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia Essential Oils

2020 ◽  
Vol 981 ◽  
pp. 253-257
Author(s):  
Hazrulrizawati Abd Hamid ◽  
Nishantini Silvarajoo ◽  
Nurulhusna Ab. Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Yellow Fever ◽  
Repellent Activity ◽  
Mosquito Repellent ◽  
Citrus Aurantifolia ◽  
Frequent Use

The mosquito Aedes aegypti is an epidemic vector of several diseases such as dengue fever and yellow fever. Several pesticides are used to control the mosquito population. Because of their frequent use, some mosquitoes have developed resistance. In the present study, we evaluated the synergistic mosquito-repellent activity of essential oils from Pelargonium radula, Syzgium aromaticum and Citrus aurantifolia against Aedes aegypti by using Y-tube olfactometer. The oils was subsequently analyzed by using GC–MS. These results clearly reveal that the essential oil of C. aurantifolia served as the most potent repellent agent against Aedes aegypti . The results indicate that three constituents; limonene (19.58%) followed by β–pinene (17.12%), geraniol (13.23%) which comprise a large proportion of the C. aurantifolia are likely responsible for the observed repellent activity.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Waktu Ekstraksi Daun Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia) Menggunakan Pelarut n-Heksana terhadap Rendemen Minyak

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
Nasrun Ibrahim ◽  
Jalaluddin Jalaluddin ◽  
Nurul Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Sample Weight ◽  
Solvent Extraction Method ◽  
Leaf Oil ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Indonesia has natural resources that are rich in essential oils. One potential natural resource is lime which can be used as flavor in food. The extraction of lime leaf essential oil using volatile solvent extraction method. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of extraction time on yield, refractive index, and density of essential oils produced. Extraction of lime leaf oil with n-hexane solvent using soxhlet extractors. The old lime leaves that have been cleaned, cut into small pieces and wrapped in filter paper and put in soxhlet. 200 ml n-hexane solvent is inserted in an extractor round bottom flask equipped with coolant. Extraction is carried out at a certain temperature and time depending on the type of solvent used, until the solvent color is returned as before. Then the filtrate was distilled to be purified, so that lime leaf oil was obtained separately from the solvent. Essential oils are then tested for yield, refractive index, and density contained in essential oils. The results of the study were extraction of lime leaves with n-hexane solvent, the highest yield obtained at a sample weightof 200 grams with an extraction time of 180 minutes which was 3.11%. The highest oil refractive index was also obtained at a sample weight of 200 grams with an extraction time of 180 minutes which was 1.47, while the density of essential oil from lime leaves was 0.79gr/ml.Keywords: essential oil, lime leaf, extraction, n-heksana

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF LIMONENE AND OTHER ANTIOXIDANTS IN COMMERCIALESSENTIAL OIL PRODUCTS COMPARED TO HOMEMADE VIRGIN COCONUT OIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Ni Made Suaniti ◽  
I Wayan Bandem Adnyana ◽  
Manuntun Manurung ◽  
Oka Ratnayani ◽  
Raisyah Anjani
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Good Separation ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Essential Oil Production

Essential oil production in the market is very diverse with various brands labeled as antioxidants that have gained more attention in the society recently. The purpose of this study was to analyze limonene and other antioxidants content of the essential oils in the market compared to homemade virgin coconut oil. The method used was Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The infrared spectrogram showed the presence of alkanes and esters respectively at wave numbers of 3000-2850 and 1750-1730 cm-1. Chromatogram results showed the presence of limonenecompounds and some antioxidants with a fairly good separation in the several types of oils, which was not detected in the homemade virgin coconut oil.  

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA MINYAK ESENSIAL JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) DAN LENGKUAS MERAH (Alpinia purpurata K. Schum) TERHADAP BAKTERI PATOGEN DAN PERUSAK PANGAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tita Rialita ◽  
Winiati Pudji Rahayu ◽  
Lilis Nuraida ◽  
Budi Nurtama
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Refractive Index ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Optical Rotation ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Food Spoilage ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
Red Ginger

The aims of this study was to determine the characteristics, composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils of local Indonesian red ginger and red galangal against four pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria, which were B.cereus ATCC 10876, E. coli ATCC 25922, S. typhimuriumATCC 14028, and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Analysis of physicochemical characteristics was carried outin accordance with ISO7355:1985. The chemical compositionwas analyzed using aGC-MS. The antimicrobial activity was determined by disc diffusion method and broth microdillution method was used for determine MIC and MBC values. Red ginger essential oil characteristic was brownish yellow, specific gravity 0.883, refractive index 1.480, optical rotation -8.45o, clear soluble (1:1) in 90 % alcohol, 2.06 acid number and 42.45 ester number. Redgalangal essential oil had a characteristic bright yellow color, specific gravity 0.895, refractive index 1.496, optical rotation -9.15o, clear soluble (1:1) in 90 % alcohol, 1.95 acid number and 140.15 ester number. The major component of red ginger essential oils were trimethyl-heptadien-ol, ar-curcumene, camphene, carbaldehyde, -sesquiphellandrene, and nerol; while the major component of red galangal essential oil were 1.8-cineole, chavicol, 9-desoxo-9-xi-hydroxy-3-pentaacetate-3,5,7,8,9,12-Ingol,- caryophyllene and -selinene. The essential oil of red ginger and red galangal hadmoderate antibacterial activity against pathogenic and food spoilage bacteria with the average inhibition zone 7.17-10.33 and 7.25-11.17mm.Red ginger essential oils could inhibit the growth of tested bacteria with MIC values of 2.65-3.97 mg/mL and MBC value of 3.10-5.29 mg/mL, while the red galangal essential oil could inhibit the growth of tested bacteria with MIC values of 1.79-4.03 mg mL and MBC values of 1.79-4.92 mg/mL. Based on the MIC and MBC values,all tested bacteriasensitivity to essential oils of red ginger and galangal red decline in a row B.cereus > E. coli > S. typhimurium> P. aeruginosa. Sensitivity of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria to both essential oils demonstrate the potential of the oils to be used as a natural preservative in the food industry.Keywords: Antimicrobial, essential oil, red ginger, red galangal ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik, komposisi dan aktivitas antimikroba minyak esensial jahe merah dan lengkuas merah lokal Indonesia terhadap empat spesies bakteri patogen dan perusak pangan, yaitu B.cereus ATCC 10876, E.coli ATCC 25922, S. typhimurium ATCC 14028, dan P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. Analisis karakteristikfisika-kimia dilakukan sesuai standar ISO 7355:1985. Komposisi kimia dianalisis menggunakan alat GC-MS. Pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram untuk menentukan zona hambat, sertabroth microdillution untuk menentukan nilai Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dan Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC).Karakteristik minyak esensial jahe merah yang dihasilkan yaitu kuning kecoklatan, berat jenis 0,883, indeks bias 1,480, putaran optik -8.45, larut jernih (1:1) dalam alkohol 90%, bilangan asam 2,06, dan bilangan ester 42,45. Minyak esensial lengkuas merah memiliki karakteristik warna kuning terang, berat jenis 0,895, indeks bias 1,496, putaran optik-9.15, larut jernih (1:1) dalam alkohol 90%, bilangan asam 1,95 dan bilangan ester 140,15. Komponen mayor minyak esensial jahe merah terdiri dari trimethyl-heptadien-ol, ar-curcumene, camphene, carbaldehyde, -sesquiphellandrene, dan nerol; sedangkan komponen mayor minyak esensial lengkuas merah terdiri dari 1.8-cineole, chavicol,9-desoxo9-xi-hydroxy-3,5,7,8,9,12-pentaacetat-ingol, -caryophyllenedan -selinene. Minyak esensial jahe merah dan lengkuas merah memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang bersifat moderat terhadap bakteri patogen dan perusak pangan, dengan kisaran zona hambat rata-rata 7,17-10,33 mm dan 7,25-11,17 mm. Minyak esensial jahe merah dapat menghambatpertumbuhan bakteri uji pada nilai MIC 2,65-3,97 mg/mL dan nilai MBC 3,10-5,29 mg/mL, sedangkan minyak esensial lengkuas merah dapat menghambat bakteri uji dengan nilai MIC 1,79-4,03 mg/mL dan nilai MBC 1,79-4,92 mg/mL. Berdasarkan nilai MIC dan MBC, sensitivitas bakteri uji terhadap minyak esensial jahe merah dan lengkuas merah menurun berturut-turut dari B. cereus > E. coli > S. typhimurium > P. aeruginosa. Sensitivitas bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif terhadap kedua minyak esensial ini menunjukkan potensi minyak esensial jahe merah dan lengkuas merah untuk digunakan sebagai pengawet alami di industri pangan.Kata kunci: Antimikroba, jahe merah, lengkuas merah, minyak esensial

scholarly journals Formulasi Sabun Cair Dengan Kombinasi Minyak Kelapa Murni (VCO) dan Ekstrak Daun Miana (Coleus atropurpureus)

Lontara ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
Anita Anita ◽  
Nurul Ni’ma Azis ◽  
Darmawaty Rauf ◽  
Salwa Sahur
Keyword(s):  
Free Radicals ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Alkaline Salt ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Bacteriological Test

Saponification between alkaline salt and virgin coconut oil (VCO) will produce liquid soap. This is because the use of virgin coconut oil (VCO) in saponification is known to be very good because of the presence of lauric acid which has clean power and functions as an antimicrobial. The addition of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) in the manufacture of liquid soap because it contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, essential oils which also function as moisturizers and antioxidants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the best combination of pure coconut oil (VCO) liquid soap with variations in the concentration of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) in reducing free radicals in the form of bacteria. In this study, a laboratory experimental method was used with the addition of miana leaf extract. A= 0% (w/w), B= 10% (w/w), C= 15% (w/w),) in 100 mL total virgin coconut oil (VCO) three times. The test parameters were in the form of a bacteriological test using the Total Plate Number (ALT) method. From the results of the study, it was found that the formulation of pure coconut oil (VCO) liquid soap with various concentrations of miana leaf extract (Coleus atropurpureus) could reduce free radicals such as bacteria.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF THE CROTON TETRADENIUS (EUPHORBIACEAE) AERIAL PART AND BIOACTIVITY ON AEDES AEGYPTI (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN RELATION TO DIFFERENT COLLECTION PERIODS

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (30) ◽  
pp. 364-379
Author(s):  
Q. Q. A. ANJOS ◽  
S. L. C. SILVA ◽  
D. C. SILVA ◽  
S. A. GUALBERTO ◽  
F. R. SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Chemical Substances ◽  
Control Programs ◽  
Collection Period

Research has demonstrated the presence of a variety of chemical substances in the essential oils of species belonging to the Croton genus and its potential insecticide. The objective of this research was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of the essential oil obtained from the aerial part of Croton tetradenius on Aedes aegypti, as well as its yield and chemical composition, in relation to different periods of collection of the botanical material. Eight essential oil concentrations were evaluated, using 4 replicates per treatment, using 30 larvae per replicate, totaling 120 larvae per treatment. The chemical composition analysis was carried out using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry. The yield of the essential oil in the extraction carried out in February was lower. The most toxic essential oil for A. aegypti larvae was extracted in August. The analysis of the chemical composition revealed the presence of 60, 48 and 62 compounds in the essential oils for the months of February, May and August, respectively. The essential oil obtained from the aerial part of C. tetradenius has shown to be promising for use in A. aegypti integrated control programs, however, in order to maximize this toxic effect, the collection period should be taken into account.

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