scholarly journals The Efficacy of Aedes aegypti Natural Larvicide Gained from Averrhoa bilimbi and Averrhoa carambola

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
GIANINA ANGELIA SANTOSO ◽  
NATHANIA DISA ARIESTA ANDRIANI ◽  
HERBERT ADRIANTO
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Averrhoa Carambola ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an endemic disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti which is supposed to be demolished by using the Larvicidal activity. However, there are some <em>Ae. aegypti</em> larvae which are found resistant against the temephos in some provinces in Indonesia. Thus, this has been one of the biggest concern of The Ministry of  Health Republic Indonesia. Apart from the resistance effect caused, temephos has been reported causing a water pollution which triggers the decreasing standard of human health and immune system. These factors have created a need for search of a new and natural larvicide, which one of it can be gained from <em>Averrhoa</em>. This research is aimed at comparing the effectiveness between the extract <em>Averrhoa bilimbi</em> and <em>Averrhoa carambola</em> towards the <em>Ae. aegypti</em> larvae’s mortality.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>An experimental laboratory research involving the design of post test-only control group. Twenty five larvae <em>Ae. aegypti</em> third instar were carried out at 5 different concentrations (0%, 1%, 1.6%, 2.6%, 3.4%, and 4%). The larva demolition is counted within 24 hours. The mortality data is then analysed with the probit analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The extract of <em>Averrhoa bilimbi</em> and <em>Averrhoa carambola</em> can cause the mortality of the <em>Ae. aegypti</em> larvae. LC<sub>99 </sub>24 hours from <em>Averrhoa bilimbi</em> was recorded = 1.47% (1.20-2.04%), whereas LC<sub>99 </sub>24 hours was recorded from <em>Averrhoa carambola</em> = 8.96% (7.59-11.31%). The major loses appeared is the stretchy necks and injured appendices. The bioactive substances which are predicted to be the causes of the mortality in this research are saponin glycoside and flavonoid.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The extract of <em>Averrhoa bilimbi</em> produces the strongest and the most effective larvicide which will be potentially developed as a new larvicide.</p><p> </p><p>Keywords:<strong> </strong><em>Natural larvicide, Aedes aegypti, Averrhoa bilimbi, Averrhoa carambola</em></p>

scholarly journals Efektivitas Ekstrak Biji Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) sebagai Larvasida Hayati pada Larva Aedes aegypti Instar III

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Khoiriyanti Wulandari ◽  
Mei Ahyanti
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Contact Time ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Cerbera Manghas

<p>Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) or Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a disease caused by a virus which is very dangerous because it can cause the patient to die within a few days. Bandar Lampung city itself is a dengue endemic area. According to data from the Lampung Provincial Health Office, in 2015, from 15 there were 2,996 deaths in 31 people. The study aimed to knowing the effectiveness of bintaro seed extract (Cerbera manghas) as larvacide in III instars Aedes aegypti larvacides experimental research with post test only control group design. The sampling method was purposive sampling. Independent variables were bintaro seed extract (dose and time), the dependent variable was Aedes aegypti larvAedes The results showed that from 5 types of doses with 5 repetitions, the death result of Aedes aegypti larvae with a dose of 0% had no mortality, a dose of 0.1% with an average of 12.55, a dose of 0.5% with an average of 15.15 , 1% dose with an average of 18.20, a dose of 1.5% with an average of 22.15, and a dose of 2% with an average of 25. At the time of contact, the death result of the larvae was found with an average 6-hour contact time. an average of 8.70, 12 hours with an average of 14.13, 24 hours with an average of 18.37 and 48 hours with an average of 20.83. According to the results of statistical tests, the most effective effect of bintaro seed extract dosage is at a dose of 1.5% and contact time of 6 hours.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kontrasepsi Suntik DMPA Terhadap Kenaikan Berat Badan Tikus Betina Galur Wistar

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Retna Prihati
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Rat Strain

Abstract: DMPA Injectable Contraception, Body Weight. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of contraception DMPA injection to BB in female blood wistar strain female. The benefits of this study are expected to increase public knowledge about injectable contraception especially related to the side effects of weight gain. This type of research is an experimental laboratory. Research design Randomized pre-post test group with control, the sample size of 10 adult female mice Wistar strain divided into 2 groups. Data were analyzed by independent T test. Significant value of p <0.05. The result of this research is there is significant difference between control group and DMPA contraception treatment group (p = 0,008). In conclusion contraceptive DMPA affects body weight wistar female rat strain.

scholarly journals Gambaran Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) Pasca Perlakuan Iskemia-Reperfusi Ginjal

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Elva Rosiana ◽  
Wiwit Ade Fidiawati ◽  
Darmawi Darmawi
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Histopathologic Feature

Ischemic-reperfusion injury is defined by a condition of hypoperfusion in the spesific organ followed by reperfusion(reoxygenation) inducing tissue damage. Tissue damage produces reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidativestress condition. Oxidative stress mediate the lipid peroxidation reactions, harm the cell and finally facilitate the celldeath. The aim of this study was to evaluate the histopathologic feature of white rat’s pancreas post renal ischemiareperfusion.This study was an experimental laboratory research with post-test-only control group design including 20male white rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups, control, treatment 1 (45 minutes ischemia), treatment 2 (45 minutesischemia followed by 1 hour reperfusion), treatment 3 (45 minutes ischemia followed by 2 hours reperfusion) andtreatment 4 (45 minutes ischemia followed by24 hours reperfusion). We found the change of the histopathologicalcharacteristics of white rat’s pancreas in term of edema, leukocyte infiltration and vacuolization.

scholarly journals JUS SEMANGKA MENURUNKAN NEUTROFIL TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR YANG TERPAPAR ASAP ROKOK

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 166
Author(s):  
Rizky Prihandari ◽  
Lailatul Muniroh
Keyword(s):  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Hazardous Substances ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Wistar Strain ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Cigarette smoke contains many hazardous substances and free radical which affect respiratory system. Watermelon “Sugar Baby” juice contain lycopene as antiinfl ammation. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of watermelon as antiinfl ammation toward neutrophils count in wistar strain male rats exposed by  cigarette smoke. This study was an experimental laboratory research with pre and post test control group design. Sample consisted of 24 wistar strain male rats with ±150-230 grams weight and 3 months old which were divided into four groups. Control group was given placebo (aquadest) and treatment groups were given w atermelon juice with terraced quantity (1.5 ml, 2.5 ml, and 3.5 ml). Every group was given two sticks of cigarette smoked per day during two weeks then smoked with treatment during one week. Neutrophil from peripheral smear was observed by manual method and statistically analyzed using Anova Mixed Design and continued with One Way Anova. The result showed signifi cant increased of  neutrophil at second observation on control group (p=0.002) and treatment groups (p=0.000). Signifi cance decreased also found in the treatment groups’s at third observation p=0.000. Signifi cant between each group p= 0.017. There was signifi cant different between control and treatment groups but there was no signifi cant different between each treatment groups. This study concluded that there was decreased of  neutrophil in wistar strain male rats which were given w atermelon juice 1.5 ml, 2.5 ml, and 3.5 ml during infl ammation. 3.5 ml w atermelon juice which were given showed better result as antiinfl ammation..

scholarly journals Aktivitas larvasida fraksi metanol dan etil asetat buah lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Diah Wulandari Rousdy ◽  
Elvi Rusmiyanto Pancaning Wardoyo ◽  
Siti Ifadatin
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Lc50 Value ◽  
Cayratia Trifolia

ABSTRAKAedes aegypti merupakan serangga vektor dari virus Dengue penyebab Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD). Kandungan senyawa dalam tumbuhan lakum berpotensi sebagai larvasida. Buah lakum dimaserasi dengan pelarut methanol kemudian difraksinasi menggunakan etil asetat. Fraksi diteliti kandungan senyawanya menggunakan analisis fitokimia. Uji larvasida diamati selama 48 jam terdiri dari tujuh konsentrasi berseri yaitu kontrol; 0,04; 0,12; 0,2; 0,6; 1; 3% (b/v). Setiap konsentrasi diulang 3 kali dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor larva nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Data mortalitas dianalisis menggunakan analisis probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Fraksi metanol buah lakum  berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,125%. Fraksi etil asetat  buah lakum  berpotensi sebagai larvasida dengan nilai LC50 6 jam sebesar 1,102%. Buah lakum mengandung senyawa: polifenol, kuinon, flavonoid, alkaloid dan terpenoid. Kata kunci: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin; larvasida; LC50  ABSTRACTLarvacidal activity of methanol and ethyl acetate fraction of lakum fruits (Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.) against Aedes aegypti larvae. Aedes aegypti is a vector from the Dengue virus which causes Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). The compounds of lakum plants has the potential larvicide. The fruit of C. trifolia was macerated with methanol then fractionated using ethyl acetate as a solvent. The fraction was examined for its compound using phytochemical analysis. Larvacide test was observed for 48 hours consisting of seven concentration of 0 (control); 0.04; 0.12; 0.2; 0.6; 1; 3% (w/v). Each concentration was repeated 3 times and each repetition consisted of 10 larvae of Ae. aegypti. Mortality data were analyzed using probit analysis to determine the LC50 of the fraction of methanol and ethyl acetate from lakum fruit. The methanol fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.125%. The ethyl acetate fraction has the potential larvicide with a six hour LC50 value 1.102%. The C. trifolia fruits contains polyphenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids and terpenoids. Keywords: Aedes aegypti; Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin.; larvacide, LC50

scholarly journals PENGARUH GEL EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.) TERHADAP JUMLAH SEL MAKROFAG PADA PENYEMBUHAN LUKA INSISI GINGIVA MARMUT (CAVIA PORCELLUS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-39
Author(s):  
Hendri Poernomo ◽  
◽  
M. Taha Ma'ruf
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Organosulfur Compounds ◽  
Macrophage Cells ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Experimental Laboratory

Surgical with an incision or tissue incision process can cause injury or tissue damage to the oral cavity, especially the gingiva. Wound healing can last a long time, this condition can increase the potential for complications such as infections and less blood supply. Garlic contains several active substances including flavonoids, tannins, phenols and alkaloids, and organosulfur compounds namely allicin. The content is believed to stimulate macrophage cells and help the work of macrophages in cleaning the wound area so that it accelerates into the phase of proliferation and wound healing. The research method was experimental laboratory research with a post-test design group. The results showed that the average number of macrophage cells in the control group CMC-Na 2% 97,50 cells, mean group of 40% garlic extract gel was 58,83 cells, mean group of 50% garlic extract gel was 18,00 cells, mean 60% garlic extract gel group was 7,83 cells. The results showed that there are significant differences (ρ <0,05) in the four study groups. Garlic extract gel concentration of 60% was more effective in reducing the number of macrophage cells in guinea pig gingival incision because of the percentage of active content.

scholarly journals The Comparison Effect Of Energy Drinks And Coffee On Creatinin Level In Rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Riza ◽  
Andina Putri A
Keyword(s):  
Creatinine Level ◽  
Energy Drinks ◽  
Laboratory Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: to compare the effect of administration of energy drinks and coffee on creatinine levels in rats.Methods: an experimental laboratory research using the post test only control group design. The study used 18 male white Sprague Dawley divided into three groups to receive one of the following treatments: 2 cc distilled water,0.072 g /2cc energy drinks and 0.9 g/cc of coffee for 14 days. The creatinine level was evaluated. Data were analyzed by One Way ANOVA test.Results: The mean creatinine level in the aquades group, energy drinks, coffee group was 0.708 mg/dl, 2.05 mg/dl 1.861 mg/dl, respectively. Post Hoc test the LSD test showed a significant difference among these groups (p <0.05).Conclusion: There was a significant different effect between 0.072 g / 2cc energy drinks and 0.9 g/cc coffee on creatinine levels in rat.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 03 No. 04 October’19 Page : 231-234

scholarly journals Potensi Minyak Atsiri Bunga Lawang (Illicium verum) sebagai Repelen Nyamuk Aedes aegypti

2019 ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Eva Lestari ◽  
Bondan Fajar Wahyudi ◽  
Adil Ustiawan ◽  
Dian Indra Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Star Anise ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Illicium Verum

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a become public health problem in the world. In 2017, there were  68,407 cases with 493 deaths DHF cases in Indonesia . The incidence rate of DHF in 2017 was 26,10/100,000 population. DHF was caused by dengue virus which was transmitted through the bites of Aedes aegypti. Several types of plants such as stems, leaves, and flowers can be used as natural ingredients for repelling Ae. aegypti, Star anise (Illicium verum) has a chemical compound that can be used as a mosquito repellent. The purpose of this study was to know the potential of star anise essential oil as repellents of Ae. aegypti. This study was an experimental study with post test only with control group design. The experiment to test  the repellency of star anise essential oil was carried out using concentrations of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%  on 3-5 days old female Ae. aegypti. The result of this study showed that repellency index of star anise essential oil at concentration 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50% during 6 hours were 58.1%; 63.51%; 59.95%; 49.45% and 65.32%. Star anise essential oil at concentration 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% can provide protection against the bites of Ae. aegypti for 1 until 2 hours.

scholarly journals UJI DAYA BUNUH GRANUL EKSTRAK LIMBAH TEMBAKAU (NICOTIANAE TABACUM L ) TERHADAP LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizki Khalalia
Keyword(s):  
Nicotiana Tabacum ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Natural Insecticides ◽  
Tobacco Waste

Pengendalian penyakit DBD bergantung pada pengendalian larva Aedes aegypti. Penggunaan insektisida nabati perlu dikembangkan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif insektisida kimia. Limbah tembakau merupakan tanaman yang mengandung zat alkaloid, saponin dan flavonoid yang berfungsi sebagai insektisida. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas pemberian ekstrak limbah tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.) dalam bentuk granul untuk membunuh larva Aedes aegypti.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen murni, dengan rancangan post test only with control group design dengan lima variasi konsentrasi ekstrak sebesar 10%, 15%, dan 20%, dengan empat kali pengulangan. Hasil uji menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara ekstrak limbah tembakau dalam bentuk granul dengan kematian larva (p=0,001).  Analisis probit didapatkan LC50 granul ekstrak  limbah tembakau adalah 59,506% dan LC90 adalah 1.163,619%. LT50 pada konsentrasi 20% adalah 790,787 menit, sedangkan LT90 adalah 2.820.000 menit. Saran peneliti adalah perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai cara menghilangkan warna pada air yang diberi ekstrak limbah tembakau dalam bentuk granul. The efforted to control dengue fever depended on control of the Aedes aegypti larvae. The used of natural insecticides should be developed as easily biodegradable in nature. Tobacco waste in Indonesia is very abundant amount of 55776.24 tonnes per year. Tobacco waste contains alkaloid, essential oil, nicotine and flavonoid which its function as insecticides. This research was conducted to know the effectiveness granule extract tobacco waste (Nicotiana tabacum L.) to kill Aedes aegypti larvae. This research was true experimental research, with the design of post test only with control group with three variations of the extract concentration 10%, 15%, dan 20% with four times repetitions.This research was conducted in 2016. The result showed that there was corelation between Nicotiana tabacum L.extract in granul with larvae mortality (p=0.001). From probit analysis test, LC50 was found in 23,965% and LC90 in 4 0,957%. LT50 of 20% was 362.625 hours, while LT90 was 544.488 hours. The conclusion of this study is granule extracts of tobacco waste has larvicidal effect on Aedes aegypti larvae.

scholarly journals Effectivity of the jackfruit leaves infusion (Artocarpus heterophyllus l.) as a larvacide to the mortality rate of Aedes aegypti larva

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fina Alvia Rahma ◽  
Endang Mahati ◽  
R.A. Kisdjamiatun RMD ◽  
Ryan Halleyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Artocarpus Heterophyllus ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Spearman Test

Larval stage control using temephos, a chemical larvicide powder, was not completely safe. WHO recommended to use biological controls. Jackfruit leaves which contain saponins, flavonoids, and tannins can be used as alternate. This study was conducted to determine the effectivity of jackfruit leaves (Artocarpus heterophyllus L.) infusion on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae using post test only control group design. 600 of Aedes aegypti larvae were divided into 1 control group and 5 experiment groups that consist  jackfruit leaves infusion concentrations of 4%, 8%, 12%, 16%, 20% with four times replication. The mortality of larvae was observed every 8 hours to 48 hours. The LC50 and LT50 were obtained by probit analysis were 3.842% and 2.150 hours. In the repeated Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae that died based on differences in the concentration of jackfruit leaf infusion. In the Spearman test, there were significant correlations (p<0.05) between the concentration of jackfruit leaves infusion and the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae and the death rate of Aedes aegypti larvae. The results of the study are expected to be alternatives to chemical larvicides commonly used by the community.

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