Salt stress mitigation by calcium nitrate in tomato plant

Salt stress is one of the most subversive abiotic stress which severely affects the agricultural productivity in various ways. The pot experiment was conducted at the Horticulture Farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from November 2017 to April 2018. BARI Tomato-5 was used as planting material. The two factors experiment was laid out in RCBD with four replications. Five levels of salinity induced by sodium (Na+) viz., 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 dS m-1 and three levels of Ca2+ viz., 0, 5 and 10 mM were used as treatment variables. The results of this experiment showed that, the salt stress reduced the yield parameters and yield of tomato with the increase of salinity. The lowest data was recorded from 8 dS m-1 and highest value was observed at control. The present results also showed that, Ca2+ significantly increased the yield contributing characters as well as yield of tomato in both saline and non-saline conditions. However, for combined effect, highest number of fruits plant-1 (50.8) and the highest yield plant-1 (3.88 kg) was produced from 0 dS m-1 Na x 10 mM Ca2+; whereas the lowest from 8 dS m-1 x 0 mM Ca2+. This result suggests that, exogenous Ca2+ can effectively mitigate the deleterious effect of salt stress in tomato. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2019, 5(1): 87-93

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Transcriptomic Analysis of Rice Plants Overexpressing PsGAPDH in Response to Salinity Stress

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12050641 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 641

Author(s):

Hyemin Lim ◽

Hyunju Hwang ◽

Taelim Kim ◽

Soyoung Kim ◽

Hoyong Chung ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Salinity Stress ◽

Functional Enrichment ◽

Differentially Expressed ◽

Pathway Enrichment Analysis ◽

Sequencing Data ◽

Illumina Hiseq ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Significant Difference

In plants, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) is a main enzyme in the glycolytic pathway. It plays an essential role in glycerolipid metabolism and response to various stresses. To examine the function of PsGAPDH (Pleurotus sajor-caju GAPDH) in response to abiotic stress, we generated transgenic rice plants with single-copy/intergenic/homozygous overexpression PsGAPDH (PsGAPDH-OX) and investigated their responses to salinity stress. Seedling growth and germination rates of PsGAPDH-OX were significantly increased under salt stress conditions compared to those of the wild type. To elucidate the role of PsGAPDH-OX in salt stress tolerance of rice, an Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform was used to analyze transcriptome profiles of leaves under salt stress. Analysis results of sequencing data showed that 1124 transcripts were differentially expressed. Using the list of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analyses of DEGs such as Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were performed. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis revealed that unigenes exhibiting differential expression were involved in starch and sucrose metabolism. Interestingly, trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (TPS) genes, of which expression was enhanced by abiotic stress, showed a significant difference in PsGAPDH-OX. Findings of this study suggest that PsGAPDH plays a role in the adaptation of rice plants to salt stress.

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Enhanced Abiotic Stress Tolerance of Vicia faba L. Plants Heterologously Expressing the PR10a Gene from Potato

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10010173 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 173

Author(s):

Abeer F. Desouky ◽

Ahmed H. Ahmed ◽

Hartmut Stützel ◽

Hans-Jörg Jacobsen ◽

Yi-Chen Pao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Vicia Faba ◽

Faba Bean ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Wild Type ◽

Stress Injury ◽

Bean Plants ◽

Vicia Faba L

Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are known to play relevant roles in plant defense against biotic and abiotic stresses. In the present study, we characterize the response of transgenic faba bean (Vicia faba L.) plants encoding a PR10a gene from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) to salinity and drought. The transgene was under the mannopine synthetase (pMAS) promoter. PR10a-overexpressing faba bean plants showed better growth than the wild-type plants after 14 days of drought stress and 30 days of salt stress under hydroponic growth conditions. After removing the stress, the PR10a-plants returned to a normal state, while the wild-type plants could not be restored. Most importantly, there was no phenotypic difference between transgenic and non-transgenic faba bean plants under well-watered conditions. Evaluation of physiological parameters during salt stress showed lower Na+-content in the leaves of the transgenic plants, which would reduce the toxic effect. In addition, PR10a-plants were able to maintain vegetative growth and experienced fewer photosystem changes under both stresses and a lower level of osmotic stress injury under salt stress compared to wild-type plants. Taken together, our findings suggest that the PR10a gene from potato plays an important role in abiotic stress tolerance, probably by activation of stress-related physiological processes.

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Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Molecular Mechanisms of Humic Acid-Induced Salt Stress Tolerance in Arabidopsis

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26040782 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (4) ◽

pp. 782

Author(s):

Joon-Yung Cha ◽

Sang-Ho Kang ◽

Myung Geun Ji ◽

Gyeong-Im Shin ◽

Song Yi Jeong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Humic Acid ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Plant Development ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Principal Component ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Genes Encoding

Humic acid (HA) is a principal component of humic substances, which make up the complex organic matter that broadly exists in soil environments. HA promotes plant development as well as stress tolerance, however the precise molecular mechanism for these is little known. Here we conducted transcriptome analysis to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which HA enhances salt stress tolerance. Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis pointed to the involvement of diverse abiotic stress-related genes encoding HEAT-SHOCK PROTEINs and redox proteins, which were up-regulated by HA regardless of salt stress. Genes related to biotic stress and secondary metabolic process were mainly down-regulated by HA. In addition, HA up-regulated genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) involved in plant development as well as abiotic stress tolerance, and down-regulated TF genes involved in secondary metabolic processes. Our transcriptome information provided here provides molecular evidences and improves our understanding of how HA confers tolerance to salinity stress in plants.

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Expression Analyses of Soybean VOZ Transcription Factors and the Role of GmVOZ1G in Drought and Salt Stress Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21062177 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (6) ◽

pp. 2177 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bo Li ◽

Jia-Cheng Zheng ◽

Ting-Ting Wang ◽

Dong-Hong Min ◽

Wen-Liang Wei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Transcription Factor ◽

Transcription Factors ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Zinc Finger ◽

Hairy Roots ◽

Yeast Cells ◽

Salt Stress Tolerance ◽

Drought And Salt Stress

Vascular plant one-zinc-finger (VOZ) transcription factor, a plant specific one-zinc-finger-type transcriptional activator, is involved in regulating numerous biological processes such as floral induction and development, defense against pathogens, and response to multiple types of abiotic stress. Six VOZ transcription factor-encoding genes (GmVOZs) have been reported to exist in the soybean (Glycine max) genome. In spite of this, little information is currently available regarding GmVOZs. In this study, GmVOZs were cloned and characterized. GmVOZ genes encode proteins possessing transcriptional activation activity in yeast cells. GmVOZ1E, GmVOZ2B, and GmVOZ2D gene products were widely dispersed in the cytosol, while GmVOZ1G was primarily located in the nucleus. GmVOZs displayed a differential expression profile under dehydration, salt, and salicylic acid (SA) stress conditions. Among them, GmVOZ1G showed a significantly induced expression in response to all stress treatments. Overexpression of GmVOZ1G in soybean hairy roots resulted in a greater tolerance to drought and salt stress. In contrast, RNA interference (RNAi) soybean hairy roots suppressing GmVOZ1G were more sensitive to both of these stresses. Under drought treatment, soybean composite plants with an overexpression of hairy roots had higher relative water content (RWC). In response to drought and salt stress, lower malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and higher peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed in soybean composite seedlings with an overexpression of hairy roots. The opposite results for each physiological parameter were obtained in RNAi lines. In conclusion, GmVOZ1G positively regulates drought and salt stress tolerance in soybean hairy roots. Our results will be valuable for the functional characterization of soybean VOZ transcription factors under abiotic stress.

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Genome-Wide Analysis of Poplar SQUAMOSA-Promoter-Binding Protein (SBP) Family under Salt Stress

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12040413 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 413

Author(s):

Qing Guo ◽

Li Li ◽

Kai Zhao ◽

Wenjing Yao ◽

Zihan Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Gene Segment ◽

Gene Expression Pattern ◽

Genome Wide Analysis ◽

Genome Wide ◽

Squamosa Promoter Binding Protein

SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) is a kind of plant-specific transcription factor, which plays a crucial role in stress responses and plant growth and development by activating and inhibiting the transcription of multiple target genes. In this study, a total of 30 SBP genes were identified from Populus trichocarpa genome and randomly distributed on 16 chromosomes in poplar. According to phylogenetic analysis, the PtSBPs can be divided into six categories, and 14 out of the genes belong to VI. Furthermore, the SBP genes in VI were proved to have a targeting relationship with miR156. The homeopathic element analysis showed that the promoters of poplar SBP genes mainly contain the elements involved in growth and development, abiotic stress and hormone response. In addition, there existed 10 gene segment duplication events in the SBP gene duplication analysis. Furthermore, there were four poplar and Arabidopsis orthologous gene pairs among the poplar SBP members. What is more, poplar SBP gene family has diverse gene expression pattern under salt stress. As many as nine SBP members were responding to high salt stress and six members possibly participated in growth development and abiotic stress. Yeast two-hybrid experiments indicated that PtSBPs can form heterodimers to interact in the transcriptional regulatory networks. The genome-wide analysis of poplar SBP family will contribute to function characterization of SBP genes in woody plants.

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Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12050623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 623

Author(s):

Sidra Habib ◽

Yee Yee Lwin ◽

Ning Li

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Down Regulation

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.

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MES7 Modulates Seed Germination via Regulating Salicylic Acid Content in Arabidopsis

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10050903 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 903

Author(s):

Wenrui Gao ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Juan Huang ◽

Yaqiu Chen ◽

Chen Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Seed Germination ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Acid Content ◽

Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽

Stress Conditions ◽

Transitional Period ◽

Highly Sensitive

Seed germination is an important phase transitional period of angiosperm plants during which seeds are highly sensitive to different environmental conditions. Although seed germination is under the regulation of salicylic acid (SA) and other hormones, the molecular mechanism underlying these regulations remains mysterious. In this study, we determined the expression of SA methyl esterase (MES) family genes during seed germination. We found that MES7 expression decreases significantly in imbibed seeds, and the dysfunction of MES7 decreases SA content. Furthermore, MES7 reduces and promotes seed germination under normal and salt stress conditions, respectively. The application of SA restores the seed germination deficiencies of mes7 mutants under different conditions. Taking together, our observations uncover a MeSA hydrolytic enzyme, MES7, regulates seed germination via altering SA titer under normal and abiotic stress conditions.

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Yield and Yield Contributing Attributes Of Potato as Influenced by Vermicompost And Seed Tuber Size

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v19i1.54779 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 71-79

Author(s):

M Mostofa ◽

TS Roy ◽

R Chakraborty

Keyword(s):

Seed Tuber ◽

Maximum Yield ◽

Potato Production ◽

Tuber Size ◽

Factor B ◽

Yield Parameters ◽

Study Results ◽

Split Plot ◽

Two Factors ◽

Plot Design

Low yield is crucial bottleneck for potato production in Bangladesh. The application of vermicompost may enhance the yield of potato. The experiment was consisted of two factors, i.e., Factor A: - Vermicompost level (Vm1-4): Vm1: 0 t ha-1, Vm2: 3 t ha-1, Vm3: 6 t ha-1 and Vm4: 9 t ha-1; Factor B:- Tuber size (T1-5): T1: 5-10 g, T2: 10-20 g, T3: 20-30 g, T4: 30-40 g and T5: > 40 g. The experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with three replications. Vermicompost had significant effect on most of the yield contributing parameters investigated under present study. Results revealed that yield parameters increased with increasing vermicompost level irrespective of tuber size. Among the twenty (20) treatment combinations, vermicompost at the rate of 9 t ha-1 with tuber size > 40 g produced the maximum yield (31.33 t ha-1) that was 53.53 % higher than that of control with 3273.01 $ of monetary advantage. Therefore, present study suggests that potato growers may use vermicompost for increasing yield of potato in Bangladesh. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 71-79 (2021)

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Formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock under saline water irrigation and nitrogen doses

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v20n8p739-745 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (8) ◽

pp. 739-745 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Leandro de P. Souza ◽

Reginaldo G. Nobre ◽

Evandro M. da Silva ◽

Geovani S. de Lima ◽

Francisco W. A. Pinheiro ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electrical Conductivity ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Experimental Design ◽

Deleterious Effect ◽

Saline Water ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Saline Water Irrigation ◽

N Dose

ABSTRACT The objective of this research was to evaluate the growth and formation of fresh and dry weight of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock irrigated with waters of different saline levels and nitrogen (N) doses, in an experiment conducted in plastic tubes under greenhouse conditions. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 5 x 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, and the treatments consisted of five levels of water electrical conductivity - ECw (0.3, 1.1, 1.9, 2.7 and 3.5 dS m-1) and four N doses (70, 100, 130 and 160% of the N dose recommended for the cultivation of guava seedlings, cv. ‘Paluma’). The dose referring to 100% corresponds to 773 mg of N dm-3. The highest growth of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock was obtained with ECw of 0.3 dS m-1 and fertilization of 541.1 mg N dm-3 of soil; increasing N doses did not reduce the deleterious effect of the salt stress on the growth and phytomass formation of ‘Crioula’ guava rootstock; irrigation with water of up to 1.75 dS m-1, in the production of guava rootstocks, promotes acceptable reduction of 10% in growth and quality of the seedlings.

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