Seed Priming With Protein Hydrolysates Improves Arabidopsis Growth and Stress Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

The use of plant biostimulants contributes to more sustainable and environmentally friendly farming techniques and offers a sustainable alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of stress. Protein hydrolysate-based biostimulants have been described to promote plant growth and reduce the negative effect of abiotic stresses in different crops. However, limited information is available about their mechanism of action, how plants perceive their application, and which metabolic pathways are activating. Here we used a multi-trait high-throughput screening approach based on simple RGB imaging and combined with untargeted metabolomics to screen and unravel the mode of action/mechanism of protein hydrolysates in Arabidopsis plants grown in optimal and in salt-stress conditions (0, 75, or 150 mM NaCl). Eleven protein hydrolysates from different protein sources were used as priming agents in Arabidopsis seeds in three different concentrations (0.001, 0.01, or 0.1 μl ml–1). Growth and development-related traits as early seedling establishment, growth response under stress and photosynthetic performance of the plants were dynamically scored throughout and at the end of the growth period. To effectively classify the functional properties of the 11 products a Plant Biostimulant Characterization (PBC) index was used, which helped to characterize the activity of a protein hydrolysate based on its ability to promote plant growth and mitigate stress, and to categorize the products as plant growth promoters, growth inhibitors and/or stress alleviator. Out of 11 products, two were identified as highly effective growth regulators and stress alleviators because they showed a PBC index always above 0.51. Using the untargeted metabolomics approach, we showed that plants primed with these best performing biostimulants had reduced contents of stress-related molecules (such as flavonoids and terpenoids, and some degradation/conjugation compounds of phytohormones such as cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, etc.), which alleviated the salt stress response-related growth inhibition.

Download Full-text

Identification and Expression Profiling of Nonphosphorus Glycerolipid Synthase Genes in Response to Abiotic Stresses in Dendrobium catenatum

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10061204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 1204

Author(s):

Xinqiao Zhan ◽

Yichun Qian ◽

Bizeng Mao

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Expression Profiling ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Membrane Lipids ◽

Chinese Herb ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Limited Information ◽

Gene Structures ◽

Functional Investigation

Dendrobium catenatum, a valuable Chinese herb, frequently experiences abiotic stresses, such as cold and drought, under natural conditions. Nonphosphorus glycerolipid synthase (NGLS) genes are closely linked to the homeostasis of membrane lipids under abiotic stress in plants. However, there is limited information on NGLS genes in D. catenatum. In this study, a total of eight DcaNGLS genes were identified from the D. catenatum genome; these included three monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaMGD1, 2, 3) genes, two digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaDGD1, 2) genes, and three sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DcaSQD1, 2.1, 2.2) genes. The gene structures and conserved motifs in the DcaNGLSs showed a high conservation during their evolution. Gene expression profiling showed that the DcaNGLSs were highly expressed in specific tissues and during rapid growth stages. Furthermore, most DcaNGLSs were strongly induced by freezing and post-freezing recovery. DcaMGD1 and DcaSQDs were greatly induced by salt stress in leaves, while DcaDGDs were primarily induced by salt stress in roots. Under drought stress, most DcaNGLSs were regulated by circadian rhythms, and DcaSQD2 was closely associated with drought recovery. Transcriptome analysis also revealed that MYB might be regulated by circadian rhythm and co-expressed with DcaNGLSs under drought stress. These results provide insight for the further functional investigation of NGLS and the regulation of nonphosphorus glycerolipid biosynthesis in Dendrobium.

Download Full-text

Down-Regulation of SlGRAS10 in Tomato Confers Abiotic Stress Tolerance

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12050623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (5) ◽

pp. 623

Author(s):

Sidra Habib ◽

Yee Yee Lwin ◽

Ning Li

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Abiotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Functional Characterization ◽

Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽

Ros Scavenging ◽

Down Regulation

Adverse environmental factors like salt stress, drought, and extreme temperatures, cause damage to plant growth, development, and crop yield. GRAS transcription factors (TFs) have numerous functions in biological processes. Some studies have reported that the GRAS protein family plays significant functions in plant growth and development under abiotic stresses. In this study, we demonstrated the functional characterization of a tomato SlGRAS10 gene under abiotic stresses such as salt stress and drought. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 by RNA interference (RNAi) produced dwarf plants with smaller leaves, internode lengths, and enhanced flavonoid accumulation. We studied the effects of abiotic stresses on RNAi and wild-type (WT) plants. Moreover, SlGRAS10-RNAi plants were more tolerant to abiotic stresses (salt, drought, and Abscisic acid) than the WT plants. Down-regulation of SlGRAS10 significantly enhanced the expressions of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to reduce the effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as O2− and H2O2. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents were remarkably high in SlGRAS10-RNAi plants. Furthermore, the expression levels of chlorophyll biosynthesis, flavonoid biosynthesis, and stress-related genes were also enhanced under abiotic stress conditions. Collectively, our conclusions emphasized the significant function of SlGRAS10 as a stress tolerate transcription factor in a certain variety of abiotic stress tolerance by enhancing osmotic potential, flavonoid biosynthesis, and ROS scavenging system in the tomato plant.

Download Full-text

Plant stimulants and horticultural production

MOJ Ecology & Environmental Sciences ◽

10.15406/mojes.2020.05.00202 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Waleed Fouad Abobatta

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Crop Production ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

Growth Increase ◽

Promote Plant Growth ◽

Stimulate Plant Growth ◽

Micro Organisms

Plant stimulants is an organic substance and micro-organisms, used by small quantities, Biostimulants categorize according to their nature, modes of action, and types of effects on crops, there are main groups of plant stimulants include Protein hydrolysates, Humate substances, Seaweed extracts, Biopolymers (Chitosan and other polymers), and Microbial biostimulants like mycorrhizal, non-mycorrhizal fungi, Rhizobium, and Trichoderma. Horticulture crop production facing several challenges particularly abiotic stresses and malnutrition resulting in yield loss and affects negatively fruit quality. The main effects of plant stimulants due to its working as the auxin-like effect, enhancing Nitrogen uptake, and stimulate plant growth. There is various stimulation effects on horticulture crops including promote plant growth, increase plant tolerance for biotic and abiotic stresses. Applying plant stimulants to plants or the rhizosphere stimulating plant metabolic processes, increase the efficiency of the nutrients, and increase plant tolerance to abiotic stress, consequently, improving plant growth increases yield, and enhancing fruit quality.

Download Full-text

Role and Functional Differences of HKT1-Type Transporters in Plants under Salt Stress

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms20051059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 1059 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Akhtar Ali ◽

Albino Maggio ◽

Ray Bressan ◽

Dae-Jin Yun

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Plant Species ◽

Crop Yield ◽

Soil Salinity ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

High Salinity ◽

Major Threat ◽

Functional Differences ◽

Shed Light

Abiotic stresses generally cause a series of morphological, biochemical and molecular changes that unfavorably affect plant growth and productivity. Among these stresses, soil salinity is a major threat that can seriously impair crop yield. To cope with the effects of high salinity on plants, it is important to understand the mechanisms that plants use to deal with it, including those activated in response to disturbed Na+ and K+ homeostasis at cellular and molecular levels. HKT1-type transporters are key determinants of Na+ and K+ homeostasis under salt stress and they contribute to reduce Na+-specific toxicity in plants. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the function of HKT1-type transporters and their importance in different plant species under salt stress. Comparison between HKT1 homologs in different plant species will shed light on different approaches plants may use to cope with salinity.

Download Full-text

Salicylic Acid Alleviated Salt Damage of Populus euphratica: A Physiological and Transcriptomic Analysis

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10050423 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 423 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Shupei Rao ◽

Chao Du ◽

Aijia Li ◽

Xinli Xia ◽

Weilun Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Protein Kinase ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Populus Euphratica ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Salt Stress Response

Populus euphratica Oliv. is a model tree for studying abiotic stress, especially salt stress response. Salt stress is one of the most extensive abiotic stresses, which has an adverse effect on plant growth and development. Salicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule that plays an important role in modulating the plant responses to abiotic stresses. To answer whether the endogenous SA can be induced by salt stress, and whether SA effectively alleviates the negative effects of salt on poplar growth is the main purpose of the study. To elucidate the effects of SA and salt stress on the growth of P. euphratica, we examined the morphological and physiological changes of P. euphratica under 300 mM NaCl after treatment with different concentrations of SA. A pretreatment of P. euphratica with 0.4 mM SA for 3 days effectively improved the growth status of plants under subsequent salt stress. These results indicate that appropriate concentrations of exogenous SA can effectively counteract the negative effect of salt stress on growth and development. Subsequently, transcripts involved in salt stress response via SA signaling were captured by RNA sequencing. The results indicated that numerous specific genes encoding mitogen-activated protein kinase, calcium-dependent protein kinase, and antioxidant enzymes were upregulated. Potassium transporters and Na+/H+ antiporters, which maintain K+/Na+ balance, were also upregulated after SA pretreatment. The transcriptome changes show that the ion transport and antioxidant enzymes were the early enhanced systems in response of P. euphratica to salt via SA, expanding our knowledge about SA function in salt stress defense in P. euphratica. This provides a solid foundation for future study of functional genes controlling effective components in metabolic pathways of trees.

Download Full-text

Gene expression patterns in shoots of Camelina sativa with enhanced salinity tolerance provided by plant growth promoting bacteria producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase or expression of the corresponding acdS gene

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83629-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zohreh Heydarian ◽

Margaret Gruber ◽

Cathy Coutu ◽

Bernard R. Glick ◽

Dwayne D. Hegedus

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Acc Deaminase ◽

Camelina Sativa ◽

Fine Tuning ◽

Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Expression Of Genes ◽

Plant Growth Promoting ◽

Growth Promoting

AbstractGrowth of plants in soil inoculated with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) producing 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase or expression of the corresponding acdS gene in transgenic lines reduces the decline in shoot length, shoot weight and photosynthetic capacity triggered by salt stress in Camelina sativa. Reducing the levels of ethylene attenuated the salt stress response as inferred from decreases in the expression of genes involved in development, senescence, chlorosis and leaf abscission that are highly induced by salt to levels that may otherwise have a negative effect on plant growth and productivity. Growing plants in soil treated with Pseudomonas migulae 8R6 negatively affected ethylene signaling, auxin and JA biosynthesis and signalling, but had a positive effect on the regulation of genes involved in GA signaling. In plants expressing acdS, the expression of the genes involved in auxin signalling was positively affected, while the expression of genes involved in cytokinin degradation and ethylene biosynthesis were negatively affected. Moreover, fine-tuning of ABA signaling appears to result from the application of ACC deaminase in response to salt treatment. Moderate expression of acdS under the control of the root specific rolD promoter or growing plants in soil treated with P. migulae 8R6 were more effective in reducing the expression of the genes involved in ethylene production and/or signaling than expression of acdS under the more active Cauliflower Mosaic Virus 35S promoter.

Download Full-text

Aktivitas hidrolisat protein terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awal kacang hijau (Vigna radiata)

E-Journal Menara Perkebunan ◽

10.22302/iribb.jur.mp.v87i2.340 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 87 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Fauziatul Fitriyah ◽

Irma Kresnawaty ◽

Djoko Santoso

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Vigna Radiata ◽

Mung Bean ◽

Protein Hydrolysate ◽

Early Growth ◽

Protein Hydrolysates ◽

Genetic Potential ◽

Trash Fish ◽

Temperature And Pressure ◽

Blank Solution

AbstractPlant bostimulant application have proven to improve field productivity to meet genetic potential. Protein hydrolisates has been utilized as plant biostimulant to increase crops productiviy and yield. Protein hydrolysate from organic waste or by product is highly potential for plant biostimulant, since it is efficiently turn the waste into high value product.. Trash fish meal (TI) and chicken feather meal (TB) have high protein content and are potential as plant biostimulant. Application of protein hydrolisates as biostimulant has been acclaimed to improve plant growth. The aim of this study wasto evaluate the activity of protein hydrolysates from TB and TI on germination and early growth of mung bean. Hydrolysis was conducted under high temperature and pressure in acid condition. Application of protein hydrolysates under various concentrations: 5, 10, and 20 ppm. The effect of protein hydrolysates were evaluated on seed germination and root and colleoptile fresh weight. Chemical analysis was performed to measure nitrogen content in the materials. The result showed that germination at 10 ppm after 7 hours incubation of protein hydrolysate from TI and TB. Under TI hydrolysate germination was increase by 191.7%, from 21.7% blank solution to 63.3% of treatment. While under protein hydrolysate from TB increased by 99.5%, from 21.7% of blank solution to 43.3%. Activity of TB hydrolysate toward root and colleoptile growth was higher than in TI hydrolysate. Root growth was higher than colleoptile under all treatments. Protein hydrolysates of TI and TB could improve germination and early growth of mung bean and is highly potential as plant biostimulant.[Keywords: plant biostimulant, protein hydrolysis, plant growth, Vigna radiata]AbstrakAplikasi biostimulan tanaman terbukti mampu meningkatkan produktivitas riil di lapang sehingga mendekati potensi genetik tanaman. Hidrolisat protein telah dimanfaatkan sebagai biostimulan tanaman untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan hasil panen berbagai tanaman. Hidrolisat protein dari limbah atau produk samping sangat potensial dikembangkan sebagai biostimulan tanaman karena mampu secara efisien mengubah sampah menjadi produk berharga. Tepung ikan rucah (TI) dan tepung bulu ayam (TB) adalah produk samping usaha perikanan dan peternakan dengan kandungan protein tinggi yang sangat potensial dikembangkan menjadi biostimulan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas hidrolisat protein dari TI dan TB terhadap perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awal kacang hijau. Hidrolisis dilakukan pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi dalam kondisi asam. Hidrolisat yang diperoleh selanjutnya diaplikasikan pada benih kacang hijau pada konsentrasi 5, 10, dan 20 ppm. Parameter yang diamati berupa persentase perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan akar dan koleoptil semai. Analisis kimia dilakukan untuk memberikan data pendukung berupa kadar nitrogen pada kedua bahan baku. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan aktivitas perkecambahan kacang hijau pada inkubasi selama 7 jam dalam larutan 10 ppm hidrolisat TI dan TB. Kenaikan persentase perkecambahan pada hidrolisat TI sebesar 191,7%, yaitu dari 21,7% pada blanko menjadi 63,3% pada perlakuan. Sementara dalamhidrolisatTBpeningkatan aktivitas mencapai 99,5%, yaitu dari 21,7% pada blankomenjadi 43,3% pada perlakuan. Pertumbuhan akar dan koleoptil dengan aplikasi hidrolisat TB lebih tinggi dibandingkan pada aplikasi hidrolisat TI. Pengaruh hidrolisat protein lebih tinggi pada pertumbuhan akar dibandingkan koleoptil. Hidrolisat TI dan TB mampu meningkatkan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan awal kacang hijau dan sangat potensial dikembangkan sebagai biostimulan tanaman. [Kata kunci:biostimulan tanaman, hidrolisisprotein, pertumbuhan tanaman,Vigna radiata]

Download Full-text

QTL mapping in an interspecific sorghum population uncovers candidate regulators of salinity tolerance

10.1101/2020.08.05.238972 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ashley N. Hostetler ◽

Rajanikanth Govindarajulu ◽

Jennifer S. Hawkins

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Genetic Basis ◽

Interspecific Cross ◽

Salt Tolerant ◽

Salt Treatment ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Sorghum Propinquum ◽

Osmotic Tolerance ◽

Grain Crop

AbstractSalt stress impedes plant growth and disrupts normal metabolic processes, resulting in decreased biomass and increased leaf senescence. Therefore, the ability of a plant to maintain biomass when exposed to salinity stress is critical for the production of salt tolerant crops. To identify the genetic basis of salt tolerance in an agronomically important grain crop, we used a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from an interspecific cross between domesticated Sorghum bicolor (inbred Tx7000) and a wild relative, Sorghum propinquum, which have been shown to differ in response to salt exposure. One-hundred seventy-seven F3:5 RILs were exposed to either a control or salt treatment and seven traits related to plant growth and overall health were assessed. A high-density genetic map that covers the 10 Sorghum chromosomes with 1991 markers was used to identify nineteen total QTL related to these traits, ten of which were specific to the salt stress response. Salt-responsive QTL contain numerous genes that have been previously shown to play a role in ionic tolerance, tissue tolerance, and osmotic tolerance, including a large number of aquaporins.

Download Full-text

Transcriptional Regulation in Rocket Leaves as Affected by Salinity

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9010020 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 20 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Giulia Franzoni ◽

Giacomo Cocetta ◽

Alice Trivellini ◽

Antonio Ferrante

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Plant Responses ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Plant Tolerance ◽

General Increase ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Wild Rocket ◽

Almost All

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress causing yield losses and decreasing product quality. The beneficial effects of biostimulant products to enhance plant tolerance to abiotic stresses have been reported in several crops, but their mode of action is poorly understood. This work aims to better understand the effect of salt stress on wild rocket treated with a borage extract. The expression of some of the transcription factors (TFs) typically involved in salt stress response was studied within a 24 h period. Physiological parameters such as chlorophyll, chlorophyll a fluorescence, carotenoids, phenols, and anthocyanin were analyzed. Results obtained showed that salt stress induced a general increase in the expression levels of almost all TFs studied, whereas the treatment with the plant-base extract only induced an increase at specific time points. Moreover, the approach adopted allowed indagating the change in gene expression during time. Different pathways such as sugars metabolism, cuticular wax biosynthesis, and brassinosteroids signaling took part in plant responses.

Download Full-text

A member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, named TaPRX-2A, enhanced the tolerance of salt stress

10.21203/rs.2.20974/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peisen Su ◽

Jun Yan ◽

Wen Li ◽

Liang Wang ◽

Jinxiao Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Salt Stress ◽

Stress Response ◽

Gene Family ◽

Abiotic Stresses ◽

Transgenic Wheat ◽

Class Iii ◽

Salt Stress Response ◽

Peroxidase Gene ◽

Stress Related Genes ◽

Class Iii Peroxidase

Abstract Background: Abiotic stresses including salt stress are environment stresses of limiting the crop growth and yield. It was reported that peroxidases (PRX) were involved in various abiotic stress responses. However, few wheat PRXs were characterized in the mechanism of abiotic stresses. Results: In this study, a novel wheat PRX gene named TaPRX-2A, a member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, was cloned and characterized in salt stress response. According to the identification of class III PRXs in 12 different plants, we proposed an evolutionary model that this TaPRX-2A may have experienced some exon fusion events during evolution. The results of expression pattern showed that TaPRX-2A exhibited relatively high expression levels in root tissue, but low in stem and leaf tissues by using qRT-PCR. This TaPRX-2A was also induced by some stress and hormone treatments including PEG6000, NaCl, H 2 O 2 , SA, JA, and ABA. The result of overexpressing transgenic wheat showed that this TaPRX-2A enhanced the tolerance of salt comparing the wild-type wheat (WT). We also studied the molecular mechanism of TaPRX-2A mediating the salt stress response. Physiological experiments indicated that TaPRX-2A -overexpressing transgenic wheat possessed a higher survival rate, higher relative water content, and longer shoot length than WT, but remained the same in the root length under salt stress. Further experiments indicated that TaPRX-2A -overexpressing transgenic lines enhanced abiotic tolerance by enhancing oxidative stress tolerance, such as higher antioxidant activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes, reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and lower levels of MDA content. Moreover, the transcript levels of stress-related genes were up-regulated by overexpression of TaPRX-2A. Conclusions: The results showed that TaPRX-2A play a positive factor in response to salt stress by scavenging ROS and regulating stress-related genes.

Download Full-text